Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses

{{Short description|Species of virus}} {{Paraphyletic group | name = Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses | auto = virus | parent = Closteroviridae | includes = * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1'' * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2'' * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3'' * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4'' * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7'' * ''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 13'' | excludes = Other viruses in ''Closteroviridae'' }} '''Grapevine leafroll-associated virus''' (GLRaV) is a name for a group of viruses that infect grapevine.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Maree HJ, Almeida RP, Bester R, Chooi KM, Cohen D, Dolja VV, Fuchs MF, Golino DA, Jooste AE, Martelli GP, Naidu RA, Rowhani A, Saldarelli P, Burger JT |title=Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 |journal=Front Microbiol |volume=4 |pages=82 |year=2013 |pmid=23596440 |pmc=3627144 |doi=10.3389/fmicb.2013.00082 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Obscure mealybugs (''Pseudococcus viburni'') feed on the phloem of vines and woody-stemmed plants, especially pear and apple trees and grape vines.<ref name="Varela et al. 2006, p.2">Varela ''et al.'' (2006), p.2</ref> Some individuals are vectors for infectious pathogens and can transmit them from plant to plant while feeding; mealybug-spread ''grapevine leafroll associated virus type III'' ('''GRLaV-3'''), in particular, has wreaked havoc among the grapes of New Zealand, reducing the crop yield of infected vineyards by up to 60%.<ref name="Hamlet1">Hamlet (2005), p. 1</ref>

The biggest problems in Grapevine Leafroll Disease are reduced grape yield, altered grape ripening, and altered grape chemistry.<ref name="Naidu-et-al-2015">{{cite journal | last1=Naidu | first1=Rayapati A. | last2=Maree | first2=Hans J. | last3=Burger | first3=Johan T. | title=Grapevine Leafroll Disease and Associated Viruses: A Unique Pathosystem | journal=Annual Review of Phytopathology | publisher=Annual Reviews | volume=53 | issue=1 | date=2015-08-04 | issn=0066-4286 | doi=10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045946 | pages=613–634 | pmid=26243729 | s2cid=207664436| doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|page=623}} Leafroll viruses are associated with rugose wood condition of grapevine.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Irma |last1=Tomažič |first2=Irena |last2=Mavrič Pleško |first3=Nataša |last3=Petrovič |first4=Maja |last4=Ravnikar |first5=Zora |last5=Korošec-Koruza |title=Introduction of Grapevine virus B and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 testing in sanitary selection of grapevine |journal=Acta Agriculturae Slovenica |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=75–85 |year=2008 |doi=10.2478/v10014-008-0008-3 |url=http://aas.bf.uni-lj.si/maj%202008/08tomazic.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Closteroviridae Category:Viral grape diseases