{{Short description|Chemical compound}} {{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 415900104 | IUPAC_name=3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-nonaoxanonatriacontan-1-ol | image = Polidocanol skeletal.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = 250 | alt =
<!--Clinical data--> | tradename = | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|polidocanol}} | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_category = Topical: allowed<br />Injection: contraindication in months 1–3 and after week 36 | routes_of_administration = topical, subcutaneous injection | ATC_prefix = C05 | ATC_suffix = BB02 | ATC_supplemental =
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled--> | legal_CA = Rx-only | legal_CA_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2015 Highlights | website=Health Canada | date=4 May 2016 | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/drugs-health-products/health-canada-new-drug-authorizations-2015-highlights.html | access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref> | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V --> | legal_status = OTC (topical), Rx (injection)
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion =
<!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 9002-92-0 | CAS_supplemental = <br />{{CAS|3055-99-0}} | PubChem = 656641 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB06811 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 570993 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 0AWH8BFG9A | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D01993 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1201751
<!--Chemical data--> | C=30 | H=62 | O=10 | smiles = CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C30H62O10/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-13-32-15-17-34-19-21-36-23-25-38-27-29-40-30-28-39-26-24-37-22-20-35-18-16-33-14-12-31/h31H,2-30H2,1H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = ONJQDTZCDSESIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | synonyms = *Polydocanol *Laureth 9 *Macrogol lauryl ether *Lauromacrogol *PEG-9 lauryl alcohol *POE-9 lauryl alcohol *Dodecylpolyethyleneglycolether *Hydroxyl polyethoxy dodecane *Oxypolyethoxydodecane | density = | melting_notes = | boiling_point = | solubility = | specific_rotation = }} '''Polidocanol''' is a local anaesthetic and antipruritic component of ointments and bath additives. It relieves itching caused by eczema and dry skin.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100004774.html | title = E45 itch relief cream | publisher = netdoctor.co.uk | access-date = 2007-07-12}}</ref> It has also been used to treat varicose veins,<ref name="Star_2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Star P, Connor DE, Parsi K | title = Novel developments in foam sclerotherapy: Focus on Varithena (polidocanol endovenous microfoam) in the management of varicose veins | journal = Phlebology | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 150–162 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 28166694 | doi = 10.1177/0268355516687864 }}</ref> hemangiomas, and vascular malformations.<ref name="Gao_2018">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao Z, Zhang Y, Li W, Shi C | title = Effectiveness and safety of polidocanol for the treatment of hemangiomas and vascular malformations: A meta-analysis | journal = Dermatologic Therapy | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | article-number = e12568| date = January 2018 | pmid = 29082587 | doi = 10.1111/dth.12568 | doi-access = free }}</ref> It is formed by the ethoxylation of dodecanol.
==Sclerotherapy== Polidocanol is also used as a sclerosant, an irritant injected to treat varicose veins, under the trade names '''Asclera''', '''Aethoxysklerol'''<ref>[http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic437.htm Sclerotherapy], Laurence Z Rosenberg, MD, eMedicine.com</ref> and '''Varithena'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Varithena (polidocanol injectable foam) For Intravenous Use. Full Prescribing Information|url=http://varithena.com/Portals/VarithenaPatient/Varithena_Full_Prescribing_Information.pdf|publisher=Biocompatibles, Inc.|access-date=1 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804021205/http://varithena.com/Portals/VarithenaPatient/Varithena_Full_Prescribing_Information.pdf|archive-date=4 August 2016}}</ref> Polidocanol causes fibrosis inside varicose veins, occluding the lumen of the vessel, and reducing the appearance of the varicosity.
The FDA has approved polidocanol injections for the treatment of small varicose (less than 1 mm in diameter) and reticular veins (1 to 3 mm in diameter). Polidocanol works by damaging the cell lining of blood vessels, causing them to close and eventually be replaced by other types of tissue.<ref>Facts and Companies: [http://online.factsandcomparisons.com/News/NewsArticle.aspx?id=8744 Varicose Vein Treatment Approved]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theodora.com/drugs/asclera_polidocanol_bioform_medical.html |title=Asclera Full Prescribing Information in Drug Reference Encyclopedia |format= |access-date=2010-04-11}}</ref> Polidocanol in the form of Varithena injected in the greater saphenous vein can cause the eruption of varicose and spider veins throughout the lower leg. This procedure should be done with caution and with the knowledge that the appearance of the leg may be forever compromised.
180px|left|thumb|Pure polidocanol for pharmaceutical use
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Vasoprotectives}}
Category:Fatty alcohols Category:Polyethers Category:Polymers Category:Antipruritics Category:Vascular surgery Category:Non-ionic surfactants
{{cardiovascular-drug-stub}} {{dermatologic-drug-stub}}