Lagomorpha

{{short description|Order of mammals}} {{Redirect|Lagomorph|for the DC Comics character|Lagomorph (comics)}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Lagomorphs | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Paleocene | recent}} | image = Eastern Cottontail.JPG | image_caption = Eastern cottontail (''Sylvilagus floridanus'') | image2 = The Pika.jpg | image2_caption = Large-eared pika (''Ochotona macrotis'') | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Lagomorpha | authority = Brandt, 1855 | range_map = Lagomorpha range inteur.png | range_map_caption = Range of Lagomorpha including areas of human introduction | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = {{plainlist| *Leporidae *Ochotonidae *{{extinct}}Prolagidae? }} }} [[File:Fossil occurrences of leporids and ochotonids and global environmental change.png|thumb|225px|Fossil occurrences of leporids and ochotonids and global environmental change (climate change, C3/C4 plants distribution)<ref name="Ge13">{{cite journal |last1=Ge |first1=Deyan |last2=Wen |first2=Zhixin |last3=Xia |first3=Lin |last4=Zhang |first4=Zhaoqun |last5=Erbajeva |first5=Margarita |last6=Huang |first6=Chengming |last7=Yang |first7=Qisen |date=April 3, 2013 |title=Evolutionary History of Lagomorphs in Response to Global Environmental Change |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=8 |issue=4:e59668 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059668 |article-number=e59668 |pmid=23573205 |pmc=3616043 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...859668G |doi-access=free}}</ref>]]

The '''lagomorphs''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|g|ə|ˌ|m|ɔr|f|}}; {{ety|grc|''λαγώς'' lagós|hare||''μορφή'' morphḗ|form}}) are the members of the taxonomic order '''Lagomorpha''', of which there are two living families: the Leporidae (rabbits and hares) and the Ochotonidae (pikas). There are 110 recent species of lagomorph, of which 109 species in twelve genera are extant, including ten genera of rabbits (42 species), one genus of hare (33 species), and one genus of pika (34 species); and in which one monospecific genus is recently extinct, that of the Sardinian pika.

== Etymology == The name "lagomorph" is derived from two Ancient Greek terms: {{Transliteration|grc|lagos}} ({{Lang|grc|λαγώς}}) 'hare' and {{Transliteration|grc|morphē}} ({{Lang|grc|μορφή}}) 'form'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of Lagomorph |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lagomorph |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref> Together, they describe an animal that is "hare shaped".<ref name="Feldhamer359">{{Cite book |last1=Feldhamer |first1=George A. |url=https://archive.org/details/mammalogy-adaptation-diversity-ecology-fifth-edition-george-a.-feldhamer-joseph-/page/350/mode/2up? |title=Mammalogy: adaptation, diversity, ecology |last2=Merritt |first2=Joseph F. |last3=Krajewski |first3=Carey |last4=Rachlow |first4=Janet L. |last5=Stewart |first5=Kelley M. |date=2020 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-1-4214-3652-4 |edition=5th |location=Baltimore |page=359 |lccn=2019017733}}</ref> The title is first attested to in the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite OED|term=Lagomorph|id=1143256094|access-date=17 July 2025}}</ref> It was coined by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt in 1855, who called for a reorganization of the subdivision of rodents containing the rabbits, hares, and pikas, but the term "Lagomorpha" was only a suborder and was not formally described as an order until American palaeontologist James W. Gidley described it as such in 1912.<ref name=":0">{{Lagomorphs2018|first1=Luis A.|last1=Ruedas|chapter=Evolution of Lagomorphs|first2=José M.|last2=Mora|first3=Hayley C.|last3=Lanier}}</ref>

== Taxonomy and evolutionary history == Other names used for this order, now considered synonymous, include: ''Duplicidentata'' (Illiger, 1811); ''Leporini'' and ''Leporinorum'' (Fischer, 1917); ''Leporida'' (Averianov, 1999); ''Neolagomorpha'' (Averianov, 1999); ''Ochotonida'' (Averianov, 1999); and ''Palarodentia'' (Haeckel, 1895; Lilian, 2016).<ref name=MSW>{{MSW3 Hoffmann| id=13500001 | pages=185–211}}</ref> The lagomorphs were first described as a group distinct from the rest of the rodents, as they were first classified, in 1811 by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger when he erected Duplicidentata. At the time, the rabbit, pikas, and hares were contained in only two genera, ''Lepus'' and ''Lagomys'' (the hares and the pikas), and it was seen as necessary to further distinguish these animals from rodents based on their teeth, specifically the lagomorphs' four upper incisors. Naturalists would apply various names to this grouping through the following decades, with one of these names being Leporidae, which would later be used to describe just the hares and rabbits. Johann Friedrich von Brandt created the name Lagomorpha in 1855, and this name was solidified as an order in 1912.<ref name=":0" />

The evolutionary history of the lagomorphs is still not well understood. In the late 20th century, it was generally agreed that ''Eurymylus'', which lived in eastern Asia and dates back to the late Paleocene or early Eocene, was an ancestor of the lagomorphs.<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor-last=Palmer |editor-first=D. |year=1999 |title=The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals |publisher=Marshall Editions |location=London |page=285 |isbn=1-84028-152-9}}</ref> Examination of the fossil evidence in the 21st century suggested that the lagomorphs may have instead descended from mimotonids, mammals present in Asia during the Paleogene with similar body size and dental structure to early European rabbits such as ''Megalagus turgidus'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fostowicz-Frelik |first1=Łucja |last2=Li |first2=Chuankui |last3=Mao |first3=Fangyuan |last4=Meng |first4=Jin |last5=Wang |first5=Yuanqing |date=2015-03-30 |title=A large mimotonid from the Middle Eocene of China sheds light on the evolution of lagomorphs and their kin |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=9394 |doi=10.1038/srep09394 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=4377629 |pmid=25818513|bibcode=2015NatSR...5.9394F }}</ref> while ''Eurymylus'' was more closely related to rodents (although not a direct ancestor).<ref name=BAoM>{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Kenneth David |year=2006 |title=The Beginning of the Age of Mammals |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |page=315 |isbn=0-8018-8472-1}}</ref> The leporids first appeared in the late Eocene and rapidly spread throughout the Northern Hemisphere; they show a trend towards increasingly long hind limbs as the modern leaping gait developed. The pikas appeared somewhat later in the Oligocene of eastern Asia.<ref name=MamEv>{{cite book |last=Savage |first=RJG |others=Illustrated by Long, MR |year=1986 |title=Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mammalevolutioni0000sava_a5g0/page/128/mode/2up? 128–129] |isbn=0-8160-1194-X |url=https://archive.org/details/mammalevolutioni0000sava_a5g0}}</ref>

Lagomorphs were certainly more diverse in the past than in the present, with around 75 genera and over 230 species represented in the fossil record and many more species in a single biome. This is evidence that lagomorph lineages are declining.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last1=Alves|editor-first1=Paulo C.|editor-last2=Ferrand|editor-first2=Nuno|editor-last3=Hackländer|editor-first3=Klaus|year=2008|title=Lagomorph Biology: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation |publisher=Springer|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|pages=27–46|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9d8_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA27|chapter-url-access=limited|chapter=The Lagomorph Fossil Record and the Origin of the European Rabbit|author-last1=Lopez-Martinez|author-first1=Nieves|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-72446-9|isbn=978-3-540-72445-2|oclc=166358165|quote=[...] which denotes that lagomorph lineages are also declining in recent times.}}</ref>

A 2008 study suggests an Indian origin for the order, having possibly evolved in isolation when India was an island continent in the Paleocene.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rose |first1=K.D. |last2=Deleon |first2=V.B. |last3=Mmissian |first3=P. |last4=Rana |first4=R.S. |last5=Sahni |first5=A. |last6=Singh |first6=L. |last7=Smith |first7=T. |date=2008 |title=Early Eocene lagomorph (Mammalia) from western India and the early diversification of Lagomorpha |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B |volume=275 |issue=1639 |pages=1203–1208 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.1661 |pmid=18285282 |pmc=2602686 |bibcode=2008PBioS.275.1203R }}</ref>

== Characteristics == Lagomorphs are similar to other mammals in that they all have hair, four limbs (i.e., they are tetrapods), and mammary glands and are endotherms. Lagomorphs possess a moderately fused postorbital process to the cranium, unlike other small mammals.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wible |first=John R. |date=January 2007 |title=On the Cranial Osteology of the Lagomorpha |journal=Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History |volume=2007 |issue=39 |pages=213–234 |doi=10.2992/0145-9058(2007)39[213:OTCOOT]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=85766674 |issn=0145-9058}}</ref> They differ in that they have a mixture of "basal" and "derived" physical traits.

=== Differences between lagomorphs and other mammals === Lagomorphs and rodents form the clade or grandorder Glires. Despite the evolutionary relationship between lagomorphs and rodents, the two orders have some major differences.

Lagomorphs have four incisors in the upper jaw (smaller peg teeth behind larger incisors), whereas rodents only have two. They are similar to rodents in that their incisors grow continuously, thus necessitating constant chewing on fibrous food to prevent the teeth from growing too long.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Best, T. L. |author2=Henry, T. H. |date=1994-06-02 |title=''Lepus arcticus'' |journal=Mammalian Species |pages=1–9 |issn=0076-3519 |jstor=3504088 |issue=457 |doi=10.2307/3504088 |s2cid=253989268}}</ref><ref name=Britannialagomorph/> In addition, all lagomorph teeth grow continuously,<ref name="ADW Lago">{{cite web|url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lagomorpha/|website=Animal Diversity (ADW)|title=Lagomorpha; hares, pikas, and rabbits|access-date=2024-01-03|last=Myers |first=Phil}}</ref> while for most rodents, only the incisors grow continuously.<ref name="ADW tooth">{{cite web|url=https://animaldiversity.org/collections/mammal_anatomy/tooth_structure/|website=Animal Diversity (ADW)|title=Structure and placement of individual teeth|access-date=2024-01-03}}</ref> Lagomorph and rodent incisors are structured differently. Lagomorphs have more cheek teeth than rodents. Both have a large diastema.

Lagomorphs are almost strictly herbivorous, unlike rodents, many of which will eat both meat and vegetable matter. Lagomorphs have no paw pads; instead, the bottoms of their paws are entirely covered with fur,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pika; mammal|url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/pika|access-date=2021-06-26|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Macdonald |first=David W. (David Whyte) |url=http://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofma00mals_0 |title=The Encyclopedia of mammals |date=1984 |publisher=New York, NY : Facts on File |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-87196-871-5}}</ref> a trait they share with red pandas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fisher |first=Rebecca E. |title=Red Panda: Biology and Conservation of the First Panda |publisher=Academic Press |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-12-823753-3 |editor-last=Glatston |editor-first=Angela R. |edition=2nd |location=London |pages=81–93 |chapter=Red Panda Anatomy |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-823753-3.00030-2|s2cid=243824295}}</ref> Similar to the rodents, bats, and some mammalian insectivores, they have a smooth-surfaced cerebrum.<ref name=Ferrer1986>{{cite journal |author1=Ferrer, I. |author2=Fabregues, I. |author3=Condom, E. |year=1986 |title=A Golgi study of the sixth layer of the cerebral cortex I: The lissencephalic brain of Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Chiroptera, and Insectivora |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=145 pdf/janat00188-0215.pdf |pages=217–234 |pmc=1166506 |pmid=3429306}}{{request quotation |date=July 2017 |reason= I didn't see anything about gross structure in the paper, only stuff about fine structure. The PDF of the paper doesn't allow text searching, however, so I may have missed it.}}</ref> Lagomorphs are unusual among terrestrial mammals in that the females are larger than males<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ralls |first1=Katherine |title=Mammals in Which Females are Larger Than Males |journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology |date=June 1976 |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=245–276 |doi=10.1086/409310 |pmid=785524 |s2cid=25927323}}</ref> and that the testes of males are usually located in front of the penis. Male lagomorphs do not have an os penis. Females have two to five pairs of mammary glands.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Miller |first1=R. Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llBcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA375 |title=Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8 |last2=Fowler |first2=Murray E. |date=2014-06-02 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-1-4557-7399-2 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Differences between families of lagomorphs === Rabbits and hares move by jumping, pushing off with their strong hind legs and using their forelimbs to soften the impact on landing. Pikas lack certain skeletal modifications present in leporids, such as a highly arched skull, an upright posture of the head, strong hind limbs and pelvic girdle, and long limbs.<ref name=Britanniapika/> Also, pikas have a short nasal region and entirely lack a supraorbital foramen, while leporids have prominent supraorbital foramina and nasal regions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IUCN - Lagomorph specialist group |url=http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/who_we_are/ssc_specialist_groups_and_red_list_authorities_directory/mammals/lagomorph_specialist_group/ |website=www.iucn.org |access-date=2015-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803095103/http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/species/who_we_are/ssc_specialist_groups_and_red_list_authorities_directory/mammals/lagomorph_specialist_group/ |archive-date=2015-08-03}}</ref>

=== Pikas === {{main|Pika}} [[File:Pika.jpg|thumb|right|American pika in Alberta]] Pikas, also known as conies,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagomorphs - EnchantedLearning.com |url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/lagomorphs/ |website=www.enchantedlearning.com |access-date=2015-08-15}}</ref> are entirely represented by the family Ochotonidae and are small mammals native to mountainous regions of western North America and Central Asia. They are mostly about {{cvt|15|cm|0}} long and have greyish-brown, silky fur, small rounded ears, and almost no tail. Their four legs are nearly equal in length. Some species live in scree, making their homes in the crevices between broken rocks, while others construct burrows in upland areas. The rock-dwelling species are typically long-lived and solitary, having one or two small litters each year contributing to stable populations. The burrowing species, in contrast, are short-lived, gregarious and have multiple large litters during the year. These species tend to have large swings in population size. The gestation period of the pika is around one month long, and the newborns are altricial (eyes and ears closed, no fur).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/American-Pika |title=American Pika |website=National Wildlife Federation |language=en |access-date=2018-11-19}}</ref> The social behaviour of the two groups also differs: the rock dwellers aggressively maintain scent-marked territories, while the burrowers live in family groups, they interact vocally with each other and defend a mutual territory. Pikas are diurnal and are active early and late in the day during hot weather. They feed on all sorts of plant material. As they do not hibernate, they make "haypiles" of dried vegetation which they collect and carry back to their homes to store for use during winter.<ref name=Britanniapika>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/pika |title=Pika |author=Smith, Andrew T. |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref>

=== Hares === {{main|Hare}} [[File:Bushhase.jpg|thumb|right|Scrub hare in South Africa]] Hares, members of genus ''Lepus'' of family Leporidae, are medium size mammals native to Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. North American jackrabbits are actually hares. Species vary in size from {{cvt|40|to|70|cm|0}} in length and have long powerful back legs, and ears up to {{cvt|20|cm|0}} in length. Although usually greyish-brown, some species turn white in the winter. They are solitary animals. Newborns are precocial (eyes and ears open, fully furred). Several litters are born during the year in a form (a nest above ground, usually under a bush). They are preyed upon by large mammalian carnivores and birds of prey.<ref name=Britanniahare>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/hare-mammal |title=Hare |last=Smith |first=Andrew T. |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref>

=== Rabbits === {{main|Rabbit}}

Rabbits, members of the Leporidae family (excluding ''Lepus'' (hares)) are generally much smaller than hares and include the rock hares and the hispid hare. They are native to Europe, parts of Africa, Central and Southern Asia, North America and much of South America. They inhabit both grassland and arid regions. They vary in size from {{cvt|20|to|50|cm|0}} and have long, powerful hind legs, shorter forelegs and a tiny tail. The colour is some shade of brown, buff or grey and there is one black species and two striped ones. Domestic rabbits come in a wider variety of colours. Newborn rabbits are altricial (eyes and ears closed, no fur). Although most species live in burrows, the cottontails and hispid hares have forms (nests above ground, usually under a bush). Most of the burrowing species are colonial, and feed together in small groups. Rabbits play an important part in the terrestrial food chain, eating a wide range of forbs, grasses, and herbs, and being part of the staple diet of many carnivorous species. Domestic rabbits can be litter box trained, and—assuming they are given sufficient room to run and a good diet—can live long lives as house pets.

== Distribution == Lagomorphs are widespread around the world and inhabit every continent except Antarctica. However, they are not found in the West Indies or Madagascar, nor on many islands. Although they are not native to Australia, humans have introduced them there and they have successfully colonized many parts of the country and caused disruption to native species.<ref name=aboutcom>{{cite web |url=http://animals.about.com/od/lagomorphs/p/hares-rabbits-pikas.htm |title=Hares, Rabbits and Pikas |last=Klappenbach |first=Laura |work=About.com Education |publisher=About.com |access-date=2013-08-14 |archive-date=2013-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020175331/http://animals.about.com/od/lagomorphs/p/hares-rabbits-pikas.htm }}</ref> Though they are not native there, European hares exist in much of the southern cone of South America.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Hacklander, K. |author2=Schai-Braun, S. |year=2019 |title=''Lepus europaeus'' |volume=2019 |article-number=e.T41280A45187424 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41280A45187424.en |access-date=29 October 2025}}</ref>

== Biology == === Digestion === [[File:Alaskan Hare Skeleton.jpg|thumb|Skeleton of Alaskan hare (Museum of Osteology)]] {{Main|Cecotrope}}

Easily digestible food is processed in the gastrointestinal tract and expelled as regular feces. But in order to get nutrients out of hard to digest fiber, lagomorphs ferment fiber in the cecum (in the GI tract) and then expel the contents as cecotropes, which are reingested (cecotrophy). The cecotropes are then absorbed in the small intestine to utilize the nutrients.<ref name="dummies 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/exploring-a-rabbits-unique-digestive-system.html |title=Exploring a Rabbit's Unique Digestive System |work=Rabbits for Dummies |access-date=2013-08-14}}</ref>

Like rodents, they are not able to vomit.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=3622671 | date=2013 | last1=Horn | first1=C. C. | last2=Kimball | first2=B. A. | last3=Wang | first3=H. | last4=Kaus | first4=J. | last5=Dienel | first5=S. | last6=Nagy | first6=A. | last7=Gathright | first7=G. R. | last8=Yates | first8=B. J. | last9=Andrews | first9=P. L. | title=Why Can't Rodents Vomit? A Comparative Behavioral, Anatomical, and Physiological Study | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=8 | issue=4 | article-number=e60537 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0060537 | doi-access=free | pmid=23593236 | bibcode=2013PLoSO...860537H }}</ref>

=== Birth and early life === Many lagomorphs breed several times a year and produce large litters. This is particularly the case in species that live in underground, protective environments, such as burrows. The young of rabbits and pikas (called kits) are born after a short gestation period and the mother can become pregnant again almost immediately after giving birth. The mothers are able to leave these young safely and go off to feed, returning at intervals to feed them with their unusually rich milk. In some species, the mother only visits and feeds the litter once a day but the young grow rapidly and are usually weaned within a month.

Hare young are called leverets. Adults have a strategy to prevent predators from tracking down their litter by following the adults' scent. They approach and depart from the nesting site in a series of immense bounds, sometimes moving at right angles to their previous direction.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Observer's Book of British Wild Animals |last=Burton |first=Maurice |year=1971 |publisher=Frederick Warne & Co. |isbn=978-0-7232-1503-5 |pages=109–112}}</ref> Each litter of hares have a small number of young and are born after a longer gestation period.<ref name="Britannialagomorph">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/lagomorph |title=Lagomorph |author=Smith, Andrew T. |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=2020-09-08}}</ref>

=== Sociality and safety === Many species of lagomorphs, particularly the rabbits and the pikas, are gregarious and live in colonies, whereas hares are generally solitary species, although many hares travel and forage in groups of two, three, or four. Many rabbits and pikas rely on their burrows as places of safety when danger threatens, but hares rely on their long legs, great speed and jinking gait to escape from predators.

== Classification == thumb|''Alloptox japonicus'' jaw thumb|''Palaeolagus'' skull {{see also|List of lagomorphs}}

=== Recent genera === *Order Lagomorpha Brandt 1885<ref name="MSW" /><ref name="Lagomorpha">{{BioRef|fossilworks |title=Lagomorpha|id=42151|access-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> **Family Leporidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 (rabbits and hares) ***Subfamily Leporinae Trouessart 1880 ****Genus ''Brachylagus'' ****Genus ''Bunolagus'' ****Genus ''Caprolagus'' Blyth 1845 ****Genus ''Lepus'' Linnaeus 1758 (hare) ****Genus ''Nesolagus'' Forsyth Major 1899 ****Genus ''Oryctolagus'' Lilljeborg 1874 ****Genus ''Pentalagus'' Lyon 1904 ****Genus ''Poelagus'' ****Genus ''Pronolagus'' Lyon 1904 ****Genus ''Romerolagus'' Merriam 1896 ****Genus ''Sylvilagus'' Gray 1867 **Family Ochotonidae Thomas 1897 (pikas) ***Genus ''Ochotona'' Link 1795 ***Genus †''Prolagus'' Pomel 1853 (considered by some sources to be the sole member of the family Prolagidae)

=== Fossil genera === * Order Lagomorpha Brandt 1885<ref name="MSW" /><ref name="Lagomorpha" /> ** Family Leporidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 (rabbits and hares) *** Subfamily † Archaeolaginae ****Genus †''Archaeolagus'' Dice 1917 ****Genus †''Hypolagus'' Dice 1917 ****Genus †''Notolagus'' Wilson 1938 ****Genus †''Panolax'' Cope 1874 *** Subfamily Leporinae Trouessart 1880 **** Genus †''Alilepus'' Dice 1931 **** Genus †''Nuralagus'' Lilljeborg 1874 **** Genus †''Pliolagus'' Kormos 1934 ****Genus †''Pliosiwalagus'' Patnaik 2001 ****Genus †''Pratilepus'' Hibbard 1939 ****Genus †''Serengetilagus'' Dietrich 1941 *** Subfamily †Palaeolaginae Dice 1929 ****Tribe †Dasyporcina Gray 1825 *****Genus †''Coelogenys'' Illiger 1811 *****Genus †''Agispelagus'' Argyropulo 1939 *****Genus †''Aluralagus'' Downey 1968 *****Genus †''Austrolagomys'' Stromer 1926 *****Genus †''Aztlanolagus'' Russell & Harris 1986 *****Genus †''Chadrolagus'' Gawne 1978 *****Genus †''Gobiolagus'' Burke 1941 *****Genus †''Lagotherium'' Pictet 1853 *****Genus †''Lepoides'' White 1988 *****Genus †''Nekrolagus'' Hibbard 1939 *****Genus †''Ordolagus'' de Muizon 1977 *****Genus †''Paranotolagus'' Miller & Carranza-Castaneda 1982 *****Genus †''Pewelagus'' White 1984 *****Genus †''Pliopentalagus'' Gureev & Konkova 1964 *****Genus †''Pronotolagus'' White 1991 *****Genus †''Tachylagus'' Storer 1992 *****Genus †''Trischizolagus'' Radulesco & Samson 1967 *****Genus †''Veterilepus'' Radulesco & Samson 1967 ****Tribe ''incertae sedis'' *****Genus †''Litolagus'' Dawson 1958 *****Genus †''Megalagus'' Walker 1931 *****Genus †''Mytonolagus'' Burke 1934 *****Genus †''Palaeolagus'' Leidy 1856 ** Family Ochotonidae Thomas 1897 (pikas) *** Genus †''Alloptox'' Dawson 1961 ***Genus †''Amphilagus'' Tobien 1974 ***Genus †''Bellatona'' Dawson 1961 ***Genus †''Cuyamalagus'' Hutchison & Lindsay 1974 ***Genus †''Desmatolagus'' Matthew & Granger 1923 ***Genus †''Gripholagomys'' Green 1972 ***Genus †''Hesperolagomys'' Clark et al. 1964 ***Genus †''Kenyalagomys'' MacInnes 1953 ***Genus †''Lagopsis'' Schlosser 1894 ***Genus †''Ochotonoides'' Teilhard de Jardin & Young 1931 ***Genus †''Ochotonoma'' Sen 1998 ***Genus †''Oklahomalagus'' Dalquest et al. 1996 ***Genus †''Oreolagus'' Dice 1917 ***Genus †''Piezodus'' Viret 1929 ***Genus †''Russellagus'' Storer 1970 ***Genus †''Sinolagomys'' Bohlin 1937 ***Genus †''Titanomys'' von Meyer 1843 ** Family ''incertae sedis'' ***Genus †''Eurolagus'' Lopez Martinez 1977 ***Genus †''Hsiuannania'' Xu 1976 ***Genus †''Hypsimylus'' Zhai 1977 ***Genus †''Lushilagus'' Li 1965 ***Genus †''Shamolagus'' Burke 1941

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Lagomorpha Category:Mammal orders Category:Extant Paleocene first appearances Category:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich von Brandt