{{Short description|Russian monastic clothing}} {{other uses}} {{distinguish|text = kłobuk, the benevolent equivalent of a poroniec}}
[[Image:Feofan.jpg|thumb|St. Theophan the Recluse wearing a klobuk.]] [[Image:Kyr-Jonas presovsky-arcibiskup-a-metropolita-1.jpg|thumb|A Byzantine Catholic Metropolitan wearing a white klobuk]] [[image:Filaret's klobuk (1619-33, Kremlin museum) by shakko 02.jpg|thumb|Klobuk of Patriarch Philaret of Moscow (1619-33), Kremlin museum]]
A '''klobuk''' is an item of monastic clothing worn by monks and, in the Russian tradition, also by nuns, in the Byzantine Rite, composed of a kalimavka (stiffened round black headcovering) with an epanokalimavkion, a veil which completely covers the kalimavka and hangs down over the shoulders and back.
==Overview== In the Greek tradition, the epanokalimavkion is simply laid over the kalimavka and allowed to hang freely,<ref group="note">The Athonite Typicon calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.</ref><ref group="note">A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests.</ref> but in the Russian tradition they are permanently attached.
Tonsured monastics always wear a klobuk in church and the refectory and whenever else formally dressed. During the services, there are specified times when monks are to remove the klobuk and lay it on their left shoulder to denote reverence for the sacred, e.g., when the deacon brings the chalice out through the holy doors for Holy Communion. Nuns do not normally remove the klobuk at any time during services.<ref group="note">Even when nuns are to be anointed on the forehead, they do not remove the klobuk, only pushing it back on their heads enough for the priest or bishop to anoint them.</ref>
In the Russian tradition Archbishops and Metropolitans usually wear a small jewelled cross on the front of their klobuk as a mark of their rank.<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg|date=2006-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222073606/http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2006-02-22}}</ref> Metropolitans can wear a klobuk that is white rather than black.<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg|date=2005-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050502135421/http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2005-05-02}}</ref>
The patriarchs of Romania and Serbia also wear a white klobuk.
The patriarchs of Moscow and Georgia wear an archaic form of klobuk that is rounded on top, and the former's is white, embroidered, and surmounted with a cross.<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/reflections/images/ref0026s.jpg|website=Library of Congress |title=ref0026s.jpg (640×467)}}</ref>
Patriarchs and bishops of the Coptic Catholic<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.absolutviajes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/IMG_017637.jpg|title=IMG_017637.jpg (640×427)}}</ref> and Armenian Catholic<ref group="photo">{{Cite web|url=http://armeniancatholic.org/images/en/2/1/1//big5.jpg|title=big5.jpg (358x450 pixels)|date=2013-04-14|website=archive.is|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2013-04-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414053422/http://armeniancatholic.org/images/en/2/1/1//big5.jpg|url-status=live}}</ref> churches wear klobuks as well, although it is not a headgear worn by their Oriental Orthodox counterparts. Red klobuks have been worn by a Coptic Catholic patriarch,<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://i265.photobucket.com/albums/ii232/TERESA7_album/STEPHANOS-COPT.jpg|title=STEPHANOS-COPT.jpg (498×284)}}</ref> an Armenian Catholic catholicos,<ref group="photo">{{Cite web |date=2004-04-15 |title=√ Joker123 Login | Joker123 Slot | Joker388 Online |url=http://www.havelshouseohistory.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415204857/http://www.havelshouseofhistory.com/aghagianian%202.jpg |archive-date=2004-04-15 |access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> and a Ukrainian Catholic major archbishop<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg|date=2007-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128145658/http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2007-01-28}}</ref> after being elevated to the cardinalate. A purple klobuk has been used by a Ukrainian Catholic bishop.<ref group="photo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brama.com/news/press/030608holyspirit/thumbs/030608cemetery30_400300-1-0.html|title=Bishop Basil Losten in the purple headdress|website=www.brama.com|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194227/http://www.brama.com/news/press/030608holyspirit/thumbs/030608cemetery30_400300-1-0.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== See also == *Koukoulion *Skufia *Apostolnik
==Footnotes== {{Reflist|group=note}}
==References== <references />
==Sources== *{{cite book | last=Philippi | first=Dieter | title=Sammlung Philippi - Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität | year=2009 | publisher=St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig | isbn=978-3-7462-2800-6}}
==External photos== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist|group=photo}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070523103459/http://www.valaam.ru/en/photos/lightval/531/ Russian monk wearking klobuk (side view).] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060727124833/http://www.orthodoxphotos.com/cgi-bin/photo.pl?path=Holy_Fathers%2FRussian_Martyrs&file=26.jpg Metropolitan (St. Joseph of Petrograd) in white klobuk.]
{{Hats}}
Category:Hats Category:Headgear Category:Eastern Christian vestments Category:Christian monasticism