Citharode

{{Short description|Classical Greek professional musician}} {{Infobox occupation | name = kitharode (citharode){{efn|name=spelling-note}} | synonyms = kitharist (citharist){{efn|name=spelling-note}} | pronounce = | image = Kitharaspieler Kreta asb 2004 PICT3430.JPG | imagesize = 150px | alt = | caption = {{center|Bronze cast figure of a<br/>kithara player from Crete.}} | official_names = | type = professional performer | activity_sector = self-accompanied musical performance | competencies = singing, strummed string instrument (lyre family),{{efn| A kitharode would automatically be expected to be able to also play a barbiton, lyre, and phorminx, provided it was a version with the same number of strings as the standard kithara. : }} music theory, music notation{{efn| It is unclear how far back Greek musical notation goes. It may have only been a competency of kitharodes during the late classical period; from some point, both kitharodes and auletes would have required to simultaneously read two separate systems of notation: One for instrumental music and the other for sung music. :{{see|Musical system of ancient Greece}} : }} | formation = | employment_field = | related_occupation = Aulete / aulist (aulos player, "piper") }}

A '''kitharode''' (Latinized '''citharode'''){{efn|name=spelling-note|There are an elaborate variety of spellings, each altered to pronounce correctly in different languages, and to incorporate partial translations; since there is no modern form of kithara, that is typically left un-translated. (Strictly speaking, ''kitharoedos'' / ''citharoedus'' translates to "zitherist", but that seems to never be used.) Variants include: ::* {{langx|grc| {{math|κιθαρῳδός}} }} {{IPA|el|kitʰarɔː'dós|}} : {{div col |colwidth=16em |content= * {{langx|la|citharoedus}} (translit. Greek) * citharode (Anglicised translit. Latin) * kitharode (Anglicised translit. Greek) : * citharede (rare) * citharoede (rare) : * citharist (English translation Latin)<ref name=Webster-citharist/> * kitharist (English translation Greek) }} :}}<ref> {{cite dictionary |title=citharode |dictionary=Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095613689 }} </ref> ({{langx|grc| {{math|κιθαρῳδός}} }} {{IPA|el|kitʰarɔː'dós|}} and {{math|κιτηαρῳδός}};<ref>{{cite dictionary |url = https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0060:entry=citharoedusedus |editor1-first = Charlton T. |editor1-last = Lewis |display-editors = etal |dictionary = An Elementary Latin Dictionary |title = citharoedus }}</ref> {{langx|la|'''cit'''haroedus}}) or '''citharist''',<ref name=Webster-citharist> {{cite dictionary |title = citharist |dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-Webster |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/citharist }} </ref> was a classical Greek professional performer (singer) of the cithara, as one who used the cithara to accompany their singing. Famous citharodes included Terpander, Sappho, and Arion.

[[File:Apollo Musagetes Pio-Clementino Inv310.jpg|thumb|left| Apollo kitharoidos (Apollo holding a cithara and wearing the customary kitharōdos’ robes) and musagetes (leading the Muses). Marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE.]]

"Citharoedus" or "Citharede" was also an epithet of Apollo (Apollo Citharede), and the term is used to refer to statues which portray Apollo with his lyre.

==See also== {{div col |colwidth=6em |content= * Aeneator * Aoidos * Apollo * Arion * Sappho * Terpander }}

;Relevant musical instruments {{div col |colwidth=10em |content= * aulete (aulos player) * aulos (contemporaneous wind instrument) * barbiton (bass kithara) * kithara (professional instrument) * lyre (folk instrument) * phorminx (advanced folk inst.) * rhapsode (professional singer) }}

;Related type of statuary * Apollo Citharoedus

==Footnotes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist|25em}}

Category:Music of ancient Greece