Kiosk

{{short description|Small booths offering goods and services}} {{About|the type of building|other uses|Kiosk (disambiguation)}} {{more citations needed|date=August 2019}} [[File:Quiosco modernista Gran Canaria.jpg|thumb|170px|Late Art Nouveau kiosk (1923) in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]] [[File:Agilkia Trajankiosk 01.JPG|thumb|170px|Trajan's Kiosk from 1st century BC on Agilika island, Egypt]] [[File:Istanbul asv2021-11 img36 German Fountain.jpg|The German Fountain at the Hippodrome of Istanbul|thumb|170px]] thumb|Fortín's Kiosk, México

Historically, a '''kiosk''' ({{ety|fa|کوشک}} ({{lang|fa-Latn|kušk}}) was a small garden pavilion open on some or all sides common in Persia, the Indian subcontinent, and in the Ottoman Empire from the 13th century onward. Today, several examples of this type of kiosk still exist in and around the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul, and they can be seen in Balkan countries.

The word is used in English-speaking countries for small booths offering goods and services. In Australia they usually offer food service. Freestanding computer terminals dispensing information are called interactive kiosks.

==Etymology== Etymological data points to the Middle Persian word ''kōšk'' 'palace, portico' as the origin, via Turkish ''köşk'' 'pavilion' and French ''kiosque'' or Italian ''chiosco''.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1901, [http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/103594 ''s.v.'']</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=MacKenzie|first=D. N.|author-link=David Neil MacKenzie|title=A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary|year=1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|isbn=0-19-713559-5}}</ref>

==History and origins== A kiosk is an open summer-house or pavilion usually having its roof supported by pillars with screened or totally open walls. As a building type, it was first introduced by the Sasanid and the next used as a small building attached to the main mosque from Seljuks, which consisted of a domed hall with open arched sides. This architectural concept gradually evolved into a small yet grand residence used by Ottoman sultans, the most famous examples of which are quite possibly the Tiled Kiosk ("Çinili Köşk" in Turkish) and Baghdad Kiosk ("Bağdat Köşkü" in Turkish). The former was built in 1473 by Mehmed II ("the Conqueror") at the Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, and consists of a two storey building topped with a dome and having open sides overlooking the gardens of the palace. The Baghdad Koshk was also built at the Topkapı Palace in 1638–39, by Sultan Murad IV. The building is again domed, offering direct views onto the gardens and park of the Palace as well as the architecture of the city of Istanbul. Sultan Ahmed III (1703–1730) also built a glass room of the Sofa Kiosk at the Topkapı Palace incorporating some Western elements, such as the gilded brazier designed by Duplessis père, which was given to the Ottoman ambassador by King Louis XV of France. [[File:Kiosco Morisco Mexico.jpg|thumb|Morisco Kiosk in Mexico ]] The first English contact with Turkish Kiosk came through Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689–1762), the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul, who in a letter written on 1 April 1717 to Anne Thistlethwayte, mentions a "chiosk" describing it as "''raised by 9 or 10 steps and enclosed with gilded lattices''".<ref>R. Halsband, ''The complete letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu'', Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1965</ref> European monarchs adopted the building type. Stanisław Leszczyński, king of Poland and father-in-law of Louis XV, built kiosks for himself based on his memories of his captivity in Turkey. These kiosks were used as garden pavilions serving coffee and beverages but later were converted into band stands and tourist information stands decorating most European gardens, parks and high streets.

Conservatories were in the form of corridors connecting the Pavilion to the stables and consisting of a passage of flowers covered with glass and linked with orangery, a greenhouse, an aviary, a pheasantry and hothouses. The influence of Muslim and Islamo-Indian forms appears clearly in these buildings and particularly in the pheasantry where its higher part is an adaptation of the kiosks found on the roof of Allahabad Palace, as illustrated by Thomas Daniell. Today's conservatories incorporate many elements of Islamic architecture, although modern art forms have shifted from the classical art forms that were used in earlier times.

==Small shops and cafés== [[File:Feature. Rush Hour BAnQ P48S1P09119.jpg|thumb|Newsstand in Rosemont, Montreal, 1943]] [[File:Aioi Station in Hyogo J09 11.jpg|thumb|Modern vending kiosk in a train station in Hyogo, Japan]] [[File:Beat up kebab kiosk in Metsäkylä - panoramio.jpg|thumb|A small kebab serving kiosk in Metsäkylä, Ylöjärvi, Finland]] {{see also|Mall kiosk|Newsagent's shop|Cafe}}

In the Western Hemisphere and in English-speaking countries, a ''kiosk'' is also a booth with an open window on one side. Some vendors operate from kiosks (see mall kiosk), selling small, inexpensive consumables such as newspapers, magazines, lighters, street maps, cigarettes, live and frozen fishing bait and confections.

In Australia, the word is commonly used for small buildings that are used to dispense mainly take-away food and drinks, on beaches, in shopping arcades or in parks. Since the 21st century, many of these have been upgraded and serve fancier food and barista-made coffee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pmhc.nsw.gov.au/About-Us/What-Were-Up-To/Major-projects/Town-Beach-Marine-Rescue-and-Kiosk|website=Port Macquarie-Hastings Council|title=Town Beach Marine Rescue and Kiosk|date=9 July 2019|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=15 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815010412/https://www.pmhc.nsw.gov.au/About-Us/What-Were-Up-To/Major-projects/Town-Beach-Marine-Rescue-and-Kiosk|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.beachhouseavalon.com.au/|website=Beach house|title=kiosk/cafe & bar/event space|access-date=15 August 2019|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023135726/https://www.beachhouseavalon.com.au/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=InDaily|url=https://citymag.indaily.com.au/habits/plate-and-cup/loch-quay-rymill-park/|title=A new take on Adelaide's old kiosk-by-the-lake: Loch & Quay is open for summer|date=6 December 2018|first=Josh|last= Fanning|others=Photos: Andrè Castellucci|access-date=15 August 2019}}</ref>

An information kiosk (or information booth) dispenses free information in the form of maps, pamphlets, and other literature, and/or advice offered by an attendant.

==Interactive kiosks== {{main|Interactive kiosk}} An electronic kiosk (or computer kiosk or interactive kiosk) houses a computer terminal that often employs custom kiosk software designed to function while preventing users from accessing system functions. Indeed, ''kiosk mode'' describes such a mode of software operation. Computerized kiosks may store data locally, or retrieve it from a computer network. Some computer kiosks provide a free, informational public service, while others serve a commercial purpose (see mall kiosk). Touchscreens, trackballs, computer keyboards, and pushbuttons are all typical input devices for interactive computer kiosks. Touchscreen kiosks are commercially used as industrial appliances, reducing lines, eliminating paper, improving efficiency and service. Their uses are unlimited from refrigerators to airports, health clubs, movie theaters and libraries. thumb|Kiosk self service payment for printing as library service

==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed"> [[File:Kiosk in Athens, Greece.jpg|thumb|A Kiosk in Athens, Greece File:Sauerlandstammtisch-Infoterminal1-Asio.JPG|An Internet kiosk in Hemer, Germany File:Kuopio R-kioski.jpg|One of the R-Kioski chain stores in Kuopio, Finland File:Quiosco habana en las playas de Barcelona.JPG|Prefabricated kiosks set for different uses on the beaches of Barcelona, Spain File:Quiosco habana bar-barcelona.jpg|A kiosk with terrace in a park in Barcelona, Spain File:Royal Military College of Canada information kiosk.JPG|Royal Military College of Canada information kiosk File:13-08-11-hongkong-50mm-43.jpg|Newsstand in Hong Kong File:Newsstand in New York City, 2007.jpg|alt=Newsstand in New York City, 2007|Newsstand in New York City, 2007 File:Kiosk in tel aviv.jpg|A renovated kiosk in Tel Aviv, Israel File:Kiosk park Veselka Mariupol.jpg|New kiosk in Mariupol, Ukraine File:Ti bòlèt.jpg|Ti bòlèt in Haiti File:Photography by Victor Albert Grigas (1919-2017) Ankara Barikan otel 3-70 March 1970 00340 (32757536187).jpg|Ankara circa 1969 </gallery>

[[File:Kiosk in Athens, Greece.jpg|thumb|A Kiosk in Athens, Greece]]

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== *{{commons category-inline|Kiosks}} *{{Wiktionary-inline|kiosk}} {{Authority control}}

Category:Advertising techniques Category:Advertising tools Category:Kiosks Category:Marketing techniques Category:Promotion and marketing communications