{{short description|American 1990s clothing style}} {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}} [[File:Kat Bjelland 1992 (crop).jpg|thumb|Kat Bjelland wearing a kinderwhore outfit in 1992|150px]] '''Kinderwhore''' is a fashion style most notably worn by some female grunge and alternative rock musicians in the US during the early to mid-1990s. The style is characterized through the combination of cute, feminine fashion items like babydoll and Peter Pan collared dresses, with more adult aspects like smudged red lipstick and dark eye makeup. It has its origins in the mid-1980s band Pagan Babies, which featured future Babes in Toyland vocalist/guitarist Kat Bjelland and future Hole vocalist/guitarist Courtney Love, who lived together and shared clothes. Following the band's disbandment, the two's subsequent bands achieved significant mainstream success and led to the fashion being popularised amongst the general public and being referenced by high fashion designers including Marc Jacobs.
==Fashion== Kinderwhore fashion is based around a childlike fashion silhouette and accessories in combination with punk fashion's "rips and tears".<ref name="Cochrane, 2015" /> Common items include torn, ripped tight or low-cut babydoll and Peter-Pan-collared dresses, knee-socks, heavy makeup with dark eyeliner,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kinderwhore grunge fashion guide|url=http://www.mookychick.co.uk/indie-fashion/alternative-style/kinderwhore-grunge-fashion.php|website=Mookychick|date=2014}}</ref> slip dresses, ripped tights, bleached hair, smudged red lipstick,<ref name="Cochrane, 2015" /> lingerie, cardigans,<ref name=i-D /> barrettes, and leather boots or Mary Jane shoes.<ref name=elle>{{cite web|last=Garis|first=Mary Grace|title=The Evolution of Courtney Love|url=http://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/news/g9069/the-evolution-of-courtney-love/?slide=7|website=Elle|date=July 9, 2014|publisher=Kevin O'Malley|access-date=December 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Meltzer|first1=Marisa|title=Girl Power: The Nineties Revolution in Music|date=2010|publisher=Faber and Faber|location=New York|isbn=978-0-86547-979-1|pages=48|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zqSn0jMJAQC&pg=PA48|access-date=December 13, 2015}}</ref>
Mish Way described it as "intentionally taking the most constraining parts of the feminine, good-girl aesthetic, inflating them to a cartoon level, and subverting them to kill any ingrained insecurities."<ref name=i-D>{{cite web|last1=Way|first1=Mish|title=My Kinderwhore Education|url=https://i-d.co/article/my-kinderwhore-education/|website=i-D.com|date=July 20, 2015|publisher=Vice|access-date=May 14, 2017}}</ref> She further noted that although the look was very feminine, when its exponents performed onstage they "stood tall and confident, they threw their guitars around like weapons, and screamed out whip-smart feminist lyrics. These women were questioning the cultural importance of typical beauty through costume and the stage."<ref name=i-D /> Fashion academic Morna Laing likened the style to a same-sex form of drag by "exaggerating the contradictory demands of ideal femininity; betraying its constructed-ness; subverting it from within".<ref name="Singer, 2015">{{cite web |last1=Singer |first1=Olivia |title=The Political History of the Babydoll Dress |url=https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/7954/the-political-history-of-the-babydoll-dress |website=Another Magazine |date=November 2, 2015 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref>
Interviewed in 1994, Love commented:
{{quote|I would like to think—in my heart of hearts—that I'm changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music. Not that I'm so desirable. I didn't do the kinder-whore thing because I thought I was so hot. When I see the look used to make one more appealing, it pisses me off. When I started, it was a ''What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?'' thing. My angle was irony.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/courtney-love-life-without-kurt-81520/|title=Courtney Love: Life Without Kurt|first=David|last=Fricke|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=December 15, 1994}}</ref>}}
== History == [[File:Courtney Love on stage crop.jpg|thumb|150px|Courtney Love helped to popularize the fashion style]] In the mid–1980s, musicians Kat Bjelland and Courtney Love shared an apartment together while playing in the band Pagan Babies.<ref name=i-D /> During this time, the pair would often borrow one another's clothes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karakas |first1=Melisa |title=Friends To Enemies: The Complicated Relationship Between Courtney Love And Kat Bjelland |date=January 4, 2023 |url=https://rockcelebrities.net/friends-to-enemies-the-complicated-relationship-between-courtney-love-and-kat-bjelland/ |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> Both are generally credited by publications including ''i-D'', ''the Guardian'' and ''Rolling Stone'' as inventing the kinderwhore fashion style, however both dispute the other's involvement.<ref name=i-D /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Clarke |first1=Betty |title=Babes in Toyland review – sublime seditious rock |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/may/27/babes-in-toyland-review-sweet-seditious-rock |website=The Guardian |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Yarm |first1=Mark |title=Babes in Toyland Reunite, With a Little Help From a Tech LLC |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/babes-in-toyland-reunite-with-a-little-help-from-a-tech-llc-185662/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=November 18, 2014 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> In interviews, Love credited the inspiration for the style as coming from KatieJane Garside of Daisy Chainsaw and Christine Amphlett of Divinyls.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2013/feb/27/hidden-treasures-daisy-chainsaw-eleventeen |title=Hidden treasures: Daisy Chainsaw – Eleventeen |first=Charlotte Richardson |last=Andrews |date=February 27, 2013 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/katiejane-garside-ruby-throat-interview-2018/ |first=Emma |last=Garland |date=October 8, 2018 |title=Searching for Utopia: An Interview with Katie |website=Vice}}</ref> Furthermore, during this period, many of the style's prominent characteristics such as vintage clothing, velvet and 1970s polyester were cheap and easily accessible.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bright |first1=Kimberly J. |title=HAPPY BIRTHDAY, BABE IN TOYLAND KAT BJELLAND |date=December 11, 2013 |url=https://dangerousminds.net/comments/happy_birthday_babe_in_toyland_kat_bjelland |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> ''i-D'' observed that the name "kinderwhore" was coined by ''Melody Maker'' journalist Everett True,<ref name=i-D /> whereas ''the Guardian'' credited the term to Bjelland.<ref name="Cochrane, 2015" />
Following the 1987 disbandment of Pagan Babies, Bjelland formed Babes in Toyland and Love formed Hole, and both continued to sport this look. In the 1990s, these groups received significant mainstream success.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stegemeyer |first1=Anne |last2=Price Alford |first2=Holly |title=Who's Who in Fashion |date=2014 |publisher=Fairchild Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-60901-969-3 |edition=6th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeLcBAAAQBAJ&pg=PR41 |access-date=December 13, 2015}}</ref> As early as 1992, the style was beginning to slip into mainstream and high fashion, with Perry Ellis' 1992 ''Grunge'' collection, by Marc Jacobs embracing elements of kinderwhore.<ref name=i-D /> ''The Guardian'' specifically cited the 1994 music video for Hole's song "Miss World" as when "The look went viral."<ref name="Cochrane, 2015">{{cite news |last1=Cochrane |first1=Lauren |title=Stylewatch: Hole in 1995 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2016/may/10/stylewatch-hole-in-1995 |website=The Guardian |date=May 10, 2016 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> Soon, major fashion magazines like ''Seventeen'' and ''Sassy'' featured editorials on how to achieve the look.<ref name=i-D />
=== Legacy === With the rise of the soft grunge fashion trend in the 2010s, kinderwhore received a revived interest.<ref name=i-D /> Meadham Kirchhoff's spring/summer 2012 collection was inspired by the style, with its runway show being opened by introducing a group of women dressed as Courtney Love during Hole 1996 Reading Festival performance,<ref name="Singer, 2015" /> with Jeremy Scott's fall/winter 2014 collection and Yves Saint Laurent's Resort 2016 collections also embracing this influence. Furthermore, brand including Urban Outfitters, Forever 21 and Free People began putting an emphasis on many of the items that defined kinderwhore fashion,<ref name=i-D /> as did Kanye West and Kim Kardashian's childrenswear collection the Kids Supply.<ref>{{cite web |last1=ROSS |first1=MARTHA |title=Kanye West and Kim Kardashian revive grunge 'kinderwhore' look for kids clothing line |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/08/kanye-west-and-kim-kardashian-revive-kinderwhore-look-for-kids-clothing-line/ |website=The Mercury News |date=May 8, 2017 |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> In 2019, designer Batsheva Hay cited Courtney Love's "kinderwhore aesthetic" as inspiration. Hay said Love's look "was so of that time but she was also so ahead of her time".<ref>{{cite news |title=Angry Dolls Meet Their Mother |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/13/fashion/courtney-love-batsheva-fashion-week.html |work=The New York Times |date=February 13, 2019 |access-date=July 30, 2019|last1=Schneier |first1=Matthew }}</ref>
The style received a minor revival in the early 2020s through videos posted on the video sharing application TikTok and mainstream musicians including Olivia Rodrigo taking influence from its aesthetics for her debut album ''Sour'' (2021).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Can Riot Grrrl TikTok Re-Imagine a Flawed Scene? |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/riot-grrrl-tiktok-revival-9614584/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=4 November 2023}}</ref> The 2020 novel ''Dead Rock Stars'' by the English author Guy Mankowski depicts a fictional Kinderwhore band called Cherub, whose lead singer Emma draws from the Kinderwhore aesthetic of "Hollywood glamour of tiaras and satin dresses... with a twisted, girlish sensibility." Mankowski added, "I was influenced by the urge that such artists had to use their body to offer a message, with them making the very most of the textual space that comes with being in a band."<ref>{{cite web |title= 'Six Of The Best': Guy Mankowski |url=https://narcmagazine.com/six-of-the-best-guy-mankowski/|publisher=Narc Magazine |access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref>
== See also == * Grunge fashion * Heroin chic * Soft grunge * Lolita fashion
== References == {{reflist}}
Category:1990s fashion Category:Punk fashion Category:Grunge Category:Women in punk