Kraton (Indonesia)

[[File:Jogja.kraton.jpg|thumb|200px|''Pendhapa'' (pavilion) in Kraton Yogyakarta]] [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kraton van de Sultan van Ternate TMnr 10021083.jpg|thumb|Kraton of the Sultan of Ternate]] thumb|''Pendhapa'' (pavilion) in Kraton Yogyakarta '''Kraton''' ({{langx|jv|ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀}}){{sfn|Robson|Wibisono|2002|pp=398}} or '''keraton''' is a type of royal palace in Java, Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Javanese ''ka-ratu-an'' meaning residence of the ''ratu'', the traditional honorific title for a monarch. In Java, the palace of a prince is called ''pura'' or ''dalem'', while the general word for palace is ''istana'', which is identical to Malay.

==Specific palaces== thumb|Pendhapa (pavilion) in Kraton Surakarta. thumb|Pendhapa (pavilion) in Kraton Kasepuhan. Kratons, or keratons, that function as the residence of a royal family include: ;Yogyakarta (Jogja) region: *Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (Palace of Sultan Hamengkubuwono). *Pura Pakualaman (Palace of Adipati Pakualam).

;Surakarta (Solo) region: *Kraton Surakarta Hadiningrat (Palace of Susuhunan Pakubuwono). *Pura Mangkunegaran (Palace of Adipati Mangkunegara).

;Cirebon area: *Kraton Kasepuhan (Palace of Sultan Sepuh). *Kraton Kanoman (Palace of Sultan Anom). *Kraton Kacirebonan (Palace of Sultan Cirebon). *Kraton Kaprabonan (id) (Palace of Sultan Prabon).

==Historical palaces== The locations of the former ''kraton'' have been determined by historical records or archaeological efforts. Former ''kraton'' include:

*Kraton Ratu Boko<ref>http://www.yogyes.com/en/yogyakarta-tourism-object/candi/ratu-boko/ ''King Boko Palace''</ref> in the east of Yogyakarta, in the Prambanan area. The structure dates from the 9th century and is thought to belong to the Sailendra or Mataram Kingdom. However, local inhabitants named this site after ''King Boko'', the legendary king in Roro Jonggrang folklore.<ref>http://www.jogjatrip.com/en/173/ratu-boko-temple {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035043/http://www.jogjatrip.com/en/173/ratu-boko-temple |date=2017-12-01 }} ''Ratu Boko Temple''</ref> *Kraton of Majapahit in Trowulan, Mojokerto, the capital of the former Majapahit. Sites such as Pendopo Agung Majapahit are thought to be remnants of the Kraton of Majapahit.<ref>see Trowulan#The Majapahit Park and http://theartnewspaper.com/articles/Indonesian-minister-of-culture-s-public-apology-for-destruction-of-archaeological-site/17112</ref>

In the Banten region, there are remnants of the Sultanate of Banten's palaces: *Kraton Surosowan, Banten, the former royal palace of the Sultanate of Banten.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://arkeologi.web.id/articles/arkeologi-klasik/1161-kajian-arkeologi-keraton-surosowan |title=Kajian Arkeologi Keraton Surosowan - Arkeologi Indonesia |access-date=2010-12-26 |archive-date=2011-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218055344/http://arkeologi.web.id/articles/arkeologi-klasik/1161-kajian-arkeologi-keraton-surosowan |url-status=dead }}</ref> *Kraton Kaibon, the former palace of Queen Mother.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://navigasi.net/goart.php?a=bukaibon|title=Budaya: Istana Kaibon|website=navigasi.net|accessdate=Feb 22, 2025|archive-date=September 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928052030/http://navigasi.net/goart.php?a=bukaibon|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the regions of Surakarta and Yogyakarta, there are remnants of the Sultanate of Mataram palaces: *Kota Gede remains of a palace from the 16th century. *Karta and Plered remains of palaces from the 17th century. *Kraton Kartasura on the outskirts of Surakarta remains of palace and city wall, also dated from the 17th century.

==Metonymic use== The term ''kraton'' 'palace' is also used as a way to refer to the court which it houses.

This is especially the case for native Indonesian states where the succession is disputed, giving issue to two or more branches of the dynasty, or even rival dynasties, each setting up an alternative court while competing for the same state, but generally only controlling part of it.

An example is the West-Javan state of Cirebon, which was founded in 1478 and since 1662 was ruled from three Kraton (palaces):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publish.hoax.com/|title=HOAX.COM: unravelling the truth from fiction, past to present...|website=publish.hoax.com|accessdate=Feb 22, 2025}}</ref> * Kraton Kasepuhan, using as the ruler's style Sultan * Kraton Kanoman, style Sultan * Kraton Kacirebonan, style Sultan

==See also== {{Portal|Indonesia}} *List of palaces *Istana *Cirebon *Yogyakarta *Surakarta *Crown jewels for current palaces outside of Java but in Indonesia *List of Indonesian monarchies *Palace

==References== {{reflist}}

=== Sources === {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last1 = Robson |first1 = Stuart |last2 = Wibisono |first2 = Singgih |year = 2002 |title = Javanese English Dictionary |publisher = Periplus Editions |isbn = 0-7946-0000-X }} {{refend}}

===Further reading=== * Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) ''Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java'' (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore {{ISBN|981-261-226-2}}

==External links== *[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Indonesia_princely_states1.html WorldSatesmen - Indonesia - Princely States] {{Indonesian architecture}} {{coord missing|Indonesia}}

Category:Indonesian words and phrases Category:Royal residences in Indonesia