{{short description|Broad-brimmed flat felt hat of Ancient Macedonian origin}} {{use mdy dates|date=May 2022}} {{multiple image | total_width = 200 | image1 = Macedonian boy BM 1906.10-19.1.jpg | image2 = Terrakota Statue eines Makedoniers 3 Jhdt v Chr.jpg | footer = Two 4th and 3rd century BC terracotta statues from Athens depicting Ancient Greeks wearing the kausia. }}
The '''kausia''' or '''causia''' ({{langx|grc|καυσία<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Henry George Liddell |last2=Robert Scott |title=καυσία |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dkausi%2Fa |website=A Greek-English Lexicon |via=Perseus}}</ref>}}) was an ancient Macedonian flat hat. A purple kausia with a diadem was worn by the Macedonian kings as part of the royal costume.<ref name="Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:id=causia-harpers Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Causia] {{source-attribution}}</ref>
==Name== The name is derived from its keeping off the heat ({{lang|grc|καῦσις}}, ''kaûsis'').<ref name="Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities"/>
==Background== It was worn during the Hellenistic period but perhaps even before the time of Alexander the Great<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/504602 |title=The Kausia Diadematophoros |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |year=1984|jstor=504602 |last1=Kingsley |first1=Bonnie M. |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=66–68 |doi=10.2307/504602 |s2cid=193037990 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and was later used as a protection against the sun by the poorer classes in Rome.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FREobG0sEnUC&dq=kausia&pg=PA184 |title=Miles gloriosus |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1997|isbn=9780674574373 }}</ref>
Depictions of the kausia can be found on a variety of coins and statues found from the Mediterranean to the Greco-Bactrian kingdom and the Indo-Greeks in northwestern India. The Persians referred to both the Macedonians and the rest of the Greeks as "Yauna" (Ionians), but made a distinction between "Yauna by the sea" and those "with hats that look like shields" (''Yauna Takabara''), probably referring to the Macedonian kausia hat.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Roisman |first1=Joseph |title=A Companion to Ancient Macedonia |last2=Worthington |first2=Ian |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4051-7936-2 |page=87}}</ref> According to Bonnie Kingsley the kausia may have came to the Mediterranean as a campaign hat worn by Alexander and veterans of his campaigns in the Indus<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kingsley |first=Bonnie M. |title=The Cap That Survived Alexander |date=1981 |work=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=85 |page=39}}</ref> but according to Ernst Fredricksmeyer the kausia was too established a staple of the Macedonian wardrobe for it to have been imported from Asia to Macedonia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fredricksmeyer |first=Ernst |title=Alexander the Great and the Macedonian kausia |work=Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association |year=1986 |volume=116 |pages=215–227}}</ref>
A modern descendant of the hat may be the Pakol: the familiar and remarkably similar men's hat from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Worthington |first1=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rIUfAAAAYAAJ |title=Ventures into Greek history |last2=Geoffrey |first2=Nicholas |last3=Hammond |first3=Lemprière |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1994 |isbn=978-0198149286 |page=135}}</ref>
==Gallery== <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> File:Ancient Macedonian soldiers, from the tomb of Agios Athanasios, Greece.jpg|Ancient Macedonian soldiers, from the tomb of Agios Athanasios (Greece) wearing the kausia, grave of Agios Athanasios, 4th century BC File:Antimachos I.jpg|Coin of Greco-Bactrian king Antimachus I Theos wearing the Macedonian kausia, c.185–170 BC File:Pompejanischer Maler um 40 v. Chr. 001.jpg|Antigonus II Gonatas wearing the kausia and holding a spear, detail of a fresco in Villa Fannius, c. 40 BC, Archaeological Museum of Naples </gallery>
==See also== *Clothing in ancient Greece *List of hat styles *Pileus (hat) *Petasos *Konos (helmet)
==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{Commonscat-inline|Kausia}}
{{Hats}} {{Historical clothing}}
Category:Greek clothing Category:Hats Category:Culture of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)