{{short description|Title of institutions of the Austrian Empire}} {{Redirect|k.k.|the type of company in Japan|Kabushiki gaisha}} {{distinguish|Imperial and Royal}} The adjective '''{{lang|de|kaiserlich-königlich}}''' (usually abbreviated to '''{{lang|de|k. k.}}'''), German for '''imperial–royal''', was applied to the authorities and state institutions of the Austrian Empire until the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which established the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Thereafter the abbreviation {{lang|de|k. k.}} only applied to institutions of the so-called Cisleithania (i.e. those lands not part of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen/Transleithania: Hungary and Croatia-Slavonia; Bosnia and Herzegovina, annexed in 1878 from the Ottoman Empire, was a condominium of Cis- and Transleithania). Common institutions of both halves of the empire were described from 1867 to 1918 as {{lang|de|kaiserlich und königlich/k. u. k.}} ("imperial ''and'' royal"). Contrary to the regulations, the Common Army continued to use the abbreviation {{lang|de|k. k.}} to describe itself until 1889.
Today, the abbreviation ''k. k.'' is often loosely replaced by {{lang|de|k. u. k.}} ("k and k"), but the two terms are historically and legally distinct. The prefix {{lang|de|k. u. k.}} ({{lang|de|kaiserlich und königlich}}) only properly referred to the authorities and institutions of both halves of the empire. The first {{lang|de|k.}} ({{lang|de|kaiserlich}} = "imperial") referred to the Emperor of Austria. In {{lang|de|k. k.}}, the second {{lang|de|k.}} ({{lang|de|königlich}} = "royal", literally "kingly") referred, from 1867, to the King of Bohemia (the Kingdom of Bohemia/Lands of the Bohemian Crown were part of Cisleithania). In {{lang|de|k. u. k.}}, the second {{lang|de|k.}} ({{lang|de|königlich}}) referred to the King of Hungary. Both the titles King of Bohemia and King of Hungary were borne by the Emperor.
The abbreviation {{lang|de|h. k. k.}}, which was frequently used in connection with the central ministries, meant "high" imperial–royal ({{lang|de|hohes kaiserlich-königliches}}), e.g. in {{lang|de|h. k. k. Ministerium für Kultus und Unterricht}}, {{lang|de|h. k. k. Statthalterei für Tirol und Vorarlberg}},<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kRspAAAAYAAJ&dq=h-+k-+k.+Ministerium&pg=PA54 ''Die Ameisen von Tirol''] by Vincenz Maria Gredler, Jos. Eberle'schen, Bozen, 1858, p. 54.</ref> {{lang|de|h. k. k. Ministerium für Handel und Volkswirthschaft}}, etc.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2blPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA41 ''Programm des Kaiserl.-Königl. Gymnasiums zu Linz: für das Schuljahr 1859/60''], Jos. Feichtinger, Linz, 1860, p. 6.</ref>
== Terms used in other languages of the monarchy == {|class = "wikitable" |- !German !Slovak !Czech !Hungarian !Polish !Italian !Slovenian !Ukrainian |- |{{lang|de|k. k. – kaiserlich-königlich}}  || {{lang|sk|c.k. – cisársko-kráľovský}}  || {{lang|cs|c.k. – císařsko-královský}}  || {{lang|hu|cs. kir. – császári-királyi}}  || {{lang|pl|C. K. – cesarsko-królewski}}  || {{lang|it|I.R. – Imperiale Regio}}  || {{lang|sl|c. k. – cesarsko-kraljevi}}  || {{lang|uk|ц. к. – цісарсько-королівський}}  |}
== See also == * Croatian–Hungarian Settlement *{{anli|King-Emperor}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Imperial-royal}} Category:Austrian Empire Category:Government of Austria-Hungary Category:Austria–Czech Republic relations