{{Short description|Pilgrimage in Japan}}{{More inline|date=March 2023}}{{Expand Japanese|巡礼|date=March 2023}} {{Nihongo|2=巡礼|3='''Junrei'''}} is the word most commonly used for either of two major types of pilgrimages in Japan, in accordance with Buddhism or Shinto.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Satō |first1=Hisamitsu |title=Henro to junrei no shakaigaku |last2=佐藤久光 |date=2004 |publisher=Jinbun Shoin |isbn=4-409-54067-X |edition=Shohan |location=Kyōto-shi |oclc=57300209}}</ref> These pilgrimages can be made as a visit to a group of temples, shrines, or other holy sites, in a particular order, often in a circuit of 33 or 88 sites. Other pilgrimages may center on a pilgrimage to a single site. One of the most popular pilgrimages for Buddhists in Japan is visiting the 88 temples on Shikoku. In certain contexts, {{Lang|ja-Latn|junrei}} can be used to refer to other pilgrimage practices in world religions foreign to Japan, such as the Hajj.
Pilgrimages can be organized by tour bus companies, taking only a couple of weeks to complete, although many pilgrims prefer to take the two- or three-month-long journeys on foot in the traditional manner. Pilgrims on the Shikoku {{Lang|ja-Latn|junrei}} are referred to as {{Nihongo|2=遍路|3=henro}} and traditionally wear straw hats and white clothing.
==Traditional observances== There are a number of rules traditionally observed while on a {{Lang|ja-Latn|junrei}}.
*Pilgrimage as the ascetic. *Must not kill any living things. *Must not say immoral things to women. *Have some medicines for your unexpected bad condition. *Must not drink any alcohol. *Do not quarrel with your partner. *Do not have a lot of money. *Do not have unnecessary baggage. *Pay attention to your food hygiene. *Go to an inn before it gets dark. *Must not go out of an inn during the night.
==References== <references/>
==Bibliography== * Ambros, Barbara (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140928095837/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2637 Liminal journeys: Pilgrimages of noblewomen in mid-Heian Japan], Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 24 (3-4), 301-345 * Hoshino, Eiki (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140928084606/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2636 Pilgrimage and peregrination: Contextualizing the Saikoku junrei and the Shikoku henro], Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 24 (3-4), 271-299 * MacWilliams, Mark W. (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140730040115/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2639 Temple myths and the popularization of Kannon pilgrimage in Japan: A case study of Ōya-ji on the Bandō Route], Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 24 (3-4), 375-411 * Reader, Ian and Swanson, Paul L. (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140729133449/http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/2635 Editors’ introduction: Pilgrimage in the Japanese religious tradition], Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 24 (3-4), 225-270 * Reader, Ian (1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140928113940/http://enlight.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MAG/mag47292.pdf Review: Local Histories, Anthropological Interpretations, and the Study of a Japanese Pilgrimage], Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 30 (1-2), 119-132 * Reader, Ian (1991). Religion in Contemporary Japan, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press * Watkins, L. (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130207043831/http://nzasia.org.nz/downloads/NZJAS-Dec08/6_Watkins_4.pdf Japanese travel culture: An investigation of the links between early Japanese pilgrimage and modern Japanese travel behaviour], New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 10 (2), 93-110
Category:Japanese pilgrimages Category:Buddhism in Japan Category:Shinto in Japan
ja:巡礼 {{Shinto shrine}}