{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the rush family Juncaceae}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Juncus.conglomeratus.2.jpg | image_caption = Habit of ''J. conglomeratus'' | image2 = Juncus.squarrosus3.-.lindsey.jpg | image2_caption = Flower of ''J. squarrosus'' showing: 6 spreading tepals, anthers (upright yellow, held on white filaments), ovary (green) with stigma (pinkish tip column) and styles (white) | taxon = Juncus | authority = L. | type_species = ''Juncus acutus'' | type_species_authority = L. | synonyms = * ''Agathryon'' {{small|(Raf.) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków, nom. superfl.}} * ''Alpinojuncus'' {{small|Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} * ''Australojuncus'' {{small|Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} * ''Boreojuncus'' {{small|Záv.Drábk. & Proćków, nom. superfl.}} * ''Cephaloxys'' {{small|Desv.}} * ''Juncastrum'' {{small|Fourr., not validly published}} * ''Juncinella'' {{small|Fourr., not validly published}} * ''Marsippospermum'' {{small|Desv.}} * ''Microschoenus'' {{small|C.B.Clarke}} * ''Phylloschoenus'' {{small|Fourr., not validly published}} * ''Rostkovia'' {{small|Desv.}} * ''Tenageia'' {{small|(Dumort.) Fourr.}} * ''Tristemon'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} * ''Verojuncus'' {{small|Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>{{cite web |title=''Juncus'' L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001343-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=21 July 2025}}</ref> }}
'''''Juncus''''' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as '''rushes'''. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae,<ref name="FNA">{{cite book |author1=Ralph E. Brooks |author2=Steven E. Clemants |year=2000 |chapter=Juncus |series=Flora of North America |volume=22 |title=Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-513729-9 |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=116870}}</ref> containing around 340 species.<ref name = powo/><ref name=":1">{{Citation |title=Species plantarum. 7: Juncaceae 2: Juncus subg. Juncus / comp. by Jan Kirschner |date=2002 |editor-last=Kirschner |editor-first=Jan |place=Canberra |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study |isbn=978-0-642-56823-6}}</ref>
==Description== Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superficially resemble grasses or sedges.<ref name="Yakandawala">{{cite journal |author1=D. M. D. Yakandawala |author2=U. M. Sirisena |author3=M. D. Dassanayake |year=2005 |title=Two new records of ''Juncus'' species (rush family – Juncaceae) in Sri Lanka |journal=Ceylon Journal of Science |volume=33 |pages=67–76 |url=http://dl.nsf.ac.lk/bitstream/1/7650/2/CJS(B.S)-33-67.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> They have historically received little attention from botanists; in his 1819 monograph, James Ebenezer Bicheno described the genus as "obscure and uninviting".<ref>{{cite journal |author=James Ebenezer Bicheno |year=1819 |title=XVII. Observations on the Linnean genus ''Juncus'', with the characters of those species, which have been found growing wild in Great Britain |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=291–337 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1817.tb00229.x|author-link=James Ebenezer Bicheno |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/25447 }}</ref><ref name=":1" />
The form of the flower differentiates rushes from grasses or sedges. The flowers of ''Juncus'' comprise five whorls of floral parts: three sepals, three petals (or, taken together, six tepals), two to six stamens (in two whorls) and a stigma with three lobes.<ref name="Yakandawala"/> The stems are round in cross-section, unlike those of sedges,<ref name="Yakandawala"/> which are typically somewhat triangular in cross-section.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter W. Ball |author2=A. A. Reznicek |author3=David F. Murray |chapter=210. Cyperaceae Jussieu |editor=Flora of North America Committee |title=Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae|series=Flora of North America|date=27 February 2003 |volume=23|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-515207-4 |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10246}}</ref>
In ''Juncus'' section ''Juncotypus'' (formerly called ''Juncus'' subg. ''Genuini''),<ref name="Kirschner"/> which contains some of the most widespread and familiar species, the leaves are reduced to sheaths around the base of the stem and the bract subtending the inflorescence closely resembles a continuation of the stem, giving the appearance that the inflorescence is lateral.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=K. L. Wilson |author2=L. A. S. Johnson |year=2001 |title=The genus ''Juncus'' (Juncaceae) in Malesia and allied septate-leaved species in adjoining regions |journal=Telopea |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=357–397 |doi=10.7751/telopea20013009 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2001Telop...9..357W }}</ref>
==Distribution and ecology== ''Juncus'' has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica.<ref name="FNA"/> They typically grow in cold or wet habitats, and in the tropics, are most common in montane environments.<ref name="Yakandawala"/> While typically described as a wind-pollinated genus, recent evidence suggests that some species may be partially insect pollinated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Shuang-Quan |last2=Xiong |first2=Ying-Ze |last3=Barrett |first3=Spencer C. H. |date=November 2013 |title=Experimental Evidence of Insect Pollination in Juncaceae, a Primarily Wind-Pollinated Family |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/673247 |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=174 |issue=9 |pages=1219–1228 |doi=10.1086/673247 |bibcode=2013IJPlS.174.1219H |issn=1058-5893}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Juncus L. (genus) – species list & taxonomy {{!}} PlantaeDB |url=https://plantaedb.com/taxa/phylum/angiosperms/order/poales/family/juncaceae/genus/juncus |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=plantaedb.com |language=en}}</ref>
''Juncus'' species often prefer wetland habitats, such as salt marshes and seeps.<ref name=":0" /> For this reason, they often interact with water-borne pollutants and are therefore suspected to uptake these pollutants when they are present in the environment.<ref name=":2" /> Research suggests strategic planting of ''Juncus'' species may be an effective tactic to clean contaminated water through biotic methods.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Syranidou |first1=Evdokia |last2=Christofilopoulos |first2=Stavros |last3=Kalogerakis |first3=Nicolas |date=25 September 2017 |title=Juncus spp.—The helophyte for all (phyto)remediation purposes? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678416326577 |journal=New Biotechnology |series=EBC-VI: Recent Advances in Environmental Biotechnology |volume=38 |issue=Pt B |pages=43–55 |doi=10.1016/j.nbt.2016.12.005 |pmid=28040555 |bibcode=2017NBiot..38...43S |issn=1871-6784}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Greksa |first1=Amela |last2=Mihajlović |first2=Ivana |last3=Ljubojević |first3=Mirjana |last4=Blagojević |first4=Boško |last5=Vijuk |first5=Mirjana I. |last6=Podunavac-Kuzmanović |first6=Sanja |last7=Kovačević |first7=Strahinja |last8=Štrbac |first8=Mirna P. |date=28 July 2024 |title=Investigation of Juncus and Iris Plant Potential—Two Native Serbian Species for Utilization in Nature-Based Solutions towards Improving the Quality of Water Contaminated with Zinc and Supporting Biodiversity |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=16 |issue=15 |pages=6467 |doi=10.3390/su16156467 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024Sust...16.6467G |issn=2071-1050}}</ref>
''Juncus'' species are important members of the ecosystems they inhabit, providing food and creating habitat for many other organisms, including microbes, insects, amphibians, fish, and birds.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cronk |first1=J.K. |last2=Fennessy |first2=M.S. |date=2009-01-01 |title=Wetland Plants |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/referencework/abs/pii/B9780123706263000600 |journal=Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences |language=en-US |pages=590–598 |doi=10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00060-0 |isbn=978-0-12-370626-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Boughton |first1=Elizabeth H. |last2=Quintana-Ascencio |first2=Pedro F. |last3=Bohlen |first3=Patrick J. |date=2010-09-05 |title=Refuge effects of Juncus effusus in grazed, subtropical wetland plant communities |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-010-9836-4 |journal=Plant Ecology |volume=212 |issue=3 |pages=451–460 |doi=10.1007/s11258-010-9836-4 |issn=1385-0237}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Juncus roemerianus |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/graminoid/junroe/all.html#19 |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=www.fs.usda.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoag |first=Chris J. |title=Reference Guide for the Collection and Use of Ten Common Wetland Plants of the Great Basin and Intermountain West |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/plantmaterials/idpmcarwproj13.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yoon |first1=Ji-Hyun |last2=Kim |first2=Heung-Tae |last3=Nam |first3=Jong-Min |last4=Kim |first4=Jae-Geun |date=2011-06-01 |title=Optimal environmental range for Juncus effusus, an important plant species in an endangered insect species (Nannopya pygmaea) habitat in Korea |url=http://koreascience.or.kr/journal/view.jsp?kj=STHHCL&py=2011&vnc=v34n2&sp=223 |journal=Journal of Ecology and Environment |language=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=223–235 |doi=10.5141/JEFB.2011.024 |bibcode=2011JEcEn..34..223Y |issn=2287-8327}}</ref> Certain species have also been shown to alter the often heavily waterlogged soils they grow in around their roots, increasing the oxygen concentration and changing the pH.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blossfeld |first1=Stephan |last2=Schreiber |first2=Christina Maria |last3=Liebsch |first3=Gregor |last4=Kuhn |first4=Arnd Jürgen |last5=Hinsinger |first5=Philippe |date=2013-03-26 |title=Quantitative imaging of rhizosphere pH and CO2 dynamics with planar optodes |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct047 |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=112 |issue=2 |pages=267–276 |doi=10.1093/aob/mct047 |pmid=23532048 |pmc=3698388 |issn=1095-8290}}</ref> Beyond this, ''Juncus'' species across their range have been used in diverse ecological studies, including those relating to precipitation effects on marsh species,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=E. B. |last2=Wigand |first2=C. |last3=Cencer |first3=M. |last4=Blount |first4=K. |date=2015-02-01 |title=Inundation and precipitation effects on growth and flowering of the high marsh species Juncus gerardii |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030437701400165X |journal=Aquatic Botany |volume=121 |pages=52–56 |doi=10.1016/j.aquabot.2014.10.012 |bibcode=2015AqBot.121...52W |osti=2279862 |issn=0304-3770}}</ref> salt tolerance in brackish wetland plants,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Touchette |first=B. W. |date=2006-09-19 |title=Salt tolerance in a Juncus roemerianus brackish marsh: Spatial variations in plant water relations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098106002899 |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=337 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2006.05.011 |issn=0022-0981}}</ref> the effects of ''Juncus'' presence on plant diversity,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ervin |first1=Gary N. |last2=Wetzel |first2=Robert G. |date=February 2002 |title=Influence of a dominant macrophyte, Juncus effusus, on wetland plant species richness, diversity, and community composition |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00442-001-0844-x |journal=Oecologia |language=en |volume=130 |issue=4 |pages=626–636 |doi=10.1007/s00442-001-0844-x |pmid=28547266 |bibcode=2002Oecol.130..626E |issn=0029-8549}}</ref> and the effects of wetland plants on microbial soil communities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rietl |first1=Anthony J. |last2=Overlander |first2=Megan E. |last3=Nyman |first3=Andrew J. |last4=Jackson |first4=Colin R. |date=February 2016 |title=Microbial Community Composition and Extracellular Enzyme Activities Associated with Juncus roemerianus and Spartina alterniflora Vegetated Sediments in Louisiana Saltmarshes |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00248-015-0651-2 |journal=Microbial Ecology |language=en |volume=71 |issue=2 |pages=290–303 |doi=10.1007/s00248-015-0651-2 |pmid=26271740 |bibcode=2016MicEc..71..290R |issn=0095-3628}}</ref>
{{Multiple image | image1 = 20220706 Juncus articulatus.jpg | caption1 = ''Juncus articulatus'' in wetland habitat, Germany | image2 = Juncus sp, Adana.jpg | caption2 = ''Juncus sp.'' in wetland habitat, Turkey | image3 = Juncus acutus kz01.jpg | caption3 = ''Juncus acutus'' in wetland habitat, Uruguay | image4 = Juncus rigidus kz01.jpg | caption4 = ''Juncus rigidus'' in riparian habitat, Oman | image5 = Juncus effusus kz14.jpg | caption5 = ''Juncus effusus'' in grassland habitat, Poland | caption_align = left | total_width = 250 | width = 120 | direction = vertical | align = right | header = Selected ''Juncus'' Habitats }}
==Fossil record== Several fossil fruits of a ''Juncus'' species have been described from middle Miocene strata of the Fasterholt area near Silkeborg in Central Jutland, Denmark.<ref>Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by Else Marie Friis, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985</ref>
== Uses == Species of genus ''Juncus'' are used by cultures around the world for various purposes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Merrill |first=Ruth Earl |title=PLANTS USED IN BASKETRY BY THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS |publisher=University of California Publications in Am. Arch. and Ethn.}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Traynor |first1=C. H. |last2=Kotze |first2=D. C. |last3=McKean |first3=S. G. |date=2010-07-22 |title=Wetland craft plants in KwaZulu-Natal: an ecological review of harvesting impacts and implications for sustainable utilization |url=https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v40i1.202 |journal=Bothalia |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=135–144 |doi=10.4102/abc.v40i1.202 |bibcode=2010Botha..40..135T |issn=2311-9284}}</ref> The fibrous stems lend themselves to making cordage, and cultures including indigenous peoples of California, South Africa, the Karabakh region, and pre-industrial Scandinavia have used this material to make baskets and candle wicks.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Svanberg |first=Ingvar |date=1997 |title=The Use of Rush (Juncus) and Cotton-Grass (Eriophorum) as Wicks: An Ethnobotanical Background to a Faroese Riddle |url=https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-34626 |journal=Svenska Landsmål och Svenskt Folkliv |issue=323 |pages=145–157}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2025 |title=Study on the species Juncaceae and Poaceae distributed in lowland areas of Karabakh and their ethnobotanical characteristics |url=https://plantfungalres.az/uploads/2025-1/8-8.pdf |journal=Plant & Fungal Research |language=en |doi=10.30546/2664-5297.2025.8.1.021 |issn=2664-5297}}</ref> There are also potential medical uses for ''Juncus'', with both traditional medicinal uses from China and indigenous Americans as well as findings in modern medical science.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Setzer |first=William N. |date=2018-11-12 |title=The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants |journal=Medicines |language=en |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=121 |doi=10.3390/medicines5040121 |doi-access=free|issn=2305-6320 |pmc=6313439 |pmid=30424560}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ullah |first1=Sana |last2=Amen |first2=Yhiya |last3=Shimizu |first3=Kuniyoshi |date=2024-09-16 |title=Phytochemical, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological profile of Juncus decipiens (Buchenau) Nakai (common rush) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14786419.2023.2223749 |journal=Natural Product Research |language=en |volume=38 |issue=18 |pages=3253–3263 |doi=10.1080/14786419.2023.2223749 |issn=1478-6419}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barta |first1=Anita |last2=Salusso |first2=Agostina |last3=Kúsz |first3=Norbert |last4=Berkecz |first4=Róbert |last5=Schlauer |first5=Jan |last6=Purger |first6=Dragica |last7=Hohmann |first7=Judit |last8=Carpinella |first8=Maria Cecilia |last9=Vasas |first9=Andrea |date=2024-08-09 |title=Phenanthrenes from ''Juncus articulatus'' with Antibacterial and Biofilm Formation Inhibitory Activity |url=https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00577 |journal=Journal of Natural Products |volume=87 |issue=8 |pages=2068–2080 |doi=10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00577 |pmid=39121346 |bibcode=2024JNAtP..87.2068B |issn=0163-3864}}</ref>
==Classification== [[File:Juncus effuses Loch Kruse 7-8-08.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|In ''Juncus effusus'' (and other species in ''J.'' sect. ''Juncotypus''), the bract appears as a continuation of the stem, and the inflorescence appears lateral.]] The genus ''Juncus'' was first named by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 ''{{lang|la|Species Plantarum}}''. The type species of the genus was designated by Frederick Vernon Coville, who in 1913 chose the first species in Linnaeus' account, ''Juncus acutus''.<ref name="Kirschner"/> ''Juncus'' can be divided into two major groups, one group with cymose inflorescences that include bracteoles, and one with racemose inflorescences with no bracteoles.<ref name="Kirschner"/>
In 2013 the genus ''Oreojuncus'' was separated from ''Juncus''. In 2022 Viktorie Brožová ''et al.'' published a phylogenetic analysis of the cyperids (families Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, and Thurniaceae) which found ''Juncus'' to be paraphyletic, and the authors proposed that six new genera, ''Alpinojuncus'', ''Agathryon'', ''Australojuncus'', ''Boreojuncus'', ''Juncinella'', and ''Verojuncus'', be split from ''Juncus''.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Viktorie |last1=Brožová |first2=Jarosław |last2=Proćków |first3=Lenka |last3=Záveská Drábková |title=Toward finally unraveling the phylogenetic relationships of Juncaceae with respect to another cyperid family, Cyperaceae |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=177 |year=2022 |article-number=107588 |issn=1055-7903 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107588 |pmid=35907594 |bibcode=2022MolPE.17707588B }}</ref> {{As of|July 2025}} ''Plants of the World Online'' accepts ''Juncinella'' but treats the others as synonyms of ''Juncus''.<ref name = powo/>
The genus is divided into the following subgenera and sections:<ref name="Kirschner">{{cite journal |author1=Jan Kirschner |author2=Lázaro J. Novara |author3=Vladimir S. Novikov |author4=Sven Snogerup |author5=Zdeněk Kaplan |year=1999 |title=Supraspecific division of the genus ''Juncus'' (Juncaceae) |journal=Folia Geobotanica |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=377–390 |jstor=4201385 |doi=10.1007/BF02912822|bibcode=1999FolGe..34..377K |s2cid=31779452 }}</ref> * ''Juncus'' subg. ''Juncus'' ** sect. ''Juncus'' ** sect. ''Graminei'' {{small|(Engelm.) Engelm.}} ** sect. ''Caespitosi'' {{small|Cout.}} ** sect. ''Stygiopsis'' {{small|Kuntze}} ** sect. ''Ozophyllum'' {{small|Dumort.}} ** sect. ''Iridifolii'' {{small|Snogerup & Kirschner}} * ''Juncus'' subg. ''Poiophylli'' {{small|Buchenau}} ** sect. ''Tenageia'' {{small|Dumort.}} ** sect. ''Steirochloa'' {{small|Griseb.}} ** sect. ''Juncotypus'' {{small|Dumort.}} ** sect. ''Forskalina'' {{small|Kuntze}}
===Species=== {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | width = 220 | header = Selected ''Juncus'' species | image1 = Juncus inflexus spirre.jpeg | caption1 = ''J. inflexus'' | image2 = Juncus jacquini Jacquins Binse.JPG | caption2 = ''J. jacquinii'' | image3 = Juncus.squarrosus.2.jpg | caption3 = ''J. squarrosus'' | image4 = Juncus trifidus a5.jpg | caption4 = ''J. trifidus'' }}
As of July 2025, ''Plants of the World Online'' accepts 342 species:<ref name=powo/>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}} *''Juncus acuminatus'' {{small|Michx.}} *''Juncus acutiflorus'' {{small|Ehrh. ex Hoffm.}} *''Juncus acutiusculus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus acutus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus aemulans'' {{small|Liebm.}} *''Juncus alatus'' {{small|Franch. & Sav.}} *''Juncus alexandri'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus allioides'' {{small|Franch.}} *''Juncus alpigenus'' {{small|K.Koch}} *''Juncus × alpiniformis'' {{small|Fernald}} *''Juncus alpinoarticulatus'' {{small|Chaix}} *''Juncus amabilis'' {{small|Edgar}} *''Juncus amplifolius'' {{small|A.Camus}} *''Juncus amplus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus amuricus'' {{small|(Maxim.) V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.}} *''Juncus anatolicus'' {{small|Snogerup}} *''Juncus anceps'' {{small|Laharpe}} *''Juncus andersonii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus andinus'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus antarcticus'' {{small|Hook.f.}} *''Juncus anthelatus'' {{small|(Wiegand) R.E.Brooks & Whittem.}} *''Juncus arcticus'' {{small|Willd.}} *''Juncus aridicola'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus articulatus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus astreptus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus atratus'' {{small|Krock.}} *''Juncus australis'' {{small|Hook.f.}} *''Juncus austrobrasiliensis'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus baekdusanensis'' {{small|M.Kim}} *''Juncus balticus'' {{small|Willd.}} *''Juncus bassianus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus batrachium'' {{small|Veldkamp}} *''Juncus benghalensis'' {{small|Kunth}} *''Juncus beringensis'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus biflorus'' {{small|Elliott}} *''Juncus biglumis'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus biglumoides'' {{small|H.Hara}} *''Juncus bolanderi'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus brachycarpus'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus brachycephalus'' {{small|(Engelm.) Buchenau}} *''Juncus brachyphyllus'' {{small|Wiegand}} *''Juncus brachyspathus'' {{small|Maxim.}} *''Juncus brachystigma'' {{small|Sam.}} *''Juncus brasiliensis'' {{small|Breistr.}} *''Juncus brevibracteus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus brevicaudatus'' {{small|(Engelm.) Fernald}} *''Juncus breviculmis'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus breweri'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus × brueggeri'' {{small|Domin}} *''Juncus bryoides'' {{small|F.J.Herm.}} *''Juncus bryophilus'' {{small|W.W.Sm.}} *''Juncus bufonius'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus bulbosus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus burkartii'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus caesariensis'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus caespiticius'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus canadensis'' {{small|J.Gay ex Laharpe}} *''Juncus capensis'' {{small|Thunb.}} *''Juncus capillaceus'' {{small|Lam.}} *''Juncus capillaris'' {{small|F.J.Herm.}} *''Juncus castaneus'' {{small|Sm.}} *''Juncus cephalostigma'' {{small|Sam.}} *''Juncus chiapasensis'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus chlorocephalus'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus chrysocarpus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus clarkei'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus compressus'' {{small|Jacq.}} *''Juncus concinnus'' {{small|D.Don}} *''Juncus concolor'' {{small|Sam.}} *''Juncus confusus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus conglomeratus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus continuus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus cooperi'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus cordobensis'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus coriaceus'' {{small|Mack.}} *''Juncus × correctus'' {{small|Steud.}} *''Juncus covillei'' {{small|Piper}} *''Juncus crassistylus'' {{small|A.Camus}} *''Juncus crispus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus curtisiae'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus curvatus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus cyperoides'' {{small|Laharpe}} *''Juncus debilis'' {{small|A.Gray}} *''Juncus decipiens'' {{small|(Buchenau) Nakai}} *''Juncus × degenianus'' {{small|Boros}} *''Juncus densiflorus'' {{small|Kunth}} *''Juncus deosaicus'' {{small|Noltie}} *''Juncus diastrophanthus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus dichotomus'' {{small|Elliott}} *''Juncus diemii'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus diffusissimus'' {{small|Buckley}} *''Juncus × diffusus'' {{small|Hoppe}} *''Juncus digitatus'' {{small|C.W.Witham & Zika}} *''Juncus distegus'' {{small|Edgar}} *''Juncus dolichanthus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus dongchuanensis'' {{small|K.F.Wu}} *''Juncus × donyanae'' {{small|Fern.-Carv.}} *''Juncus dregeanus'' {{small|Kunth}} *''Juncus drummondii'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus dubius'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus dudleyi'' {{small|Wiegand}} *''Juncus dulongjiongensis'' {{small|Novikov}} *''Juncus durus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson & K.L.Wilson}} *''Juncus duthiei'' {{small|(C.B.Clarke) Noltie}} *''Juncus ebracteatus'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus echinocephalus'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus ecuadoriensis'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus edgariae'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson & K.L.Wilson}} *''Juncus effusus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus elbrusicus'' {{small|Galushko}} *''Juncus elliottii'' {{small|Chapm.}} *''Juncus elongatus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus emmanuelis'' {{small|A.Fern. & J.G.García}} *''Juncus engleri'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus ensifolius'' {{small|Wikstr.}} *''Juncus equisetinus'' {{small|Proskur.}} *''Juncus ernesti-barrosi'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus exiguus'' {{small|(Fernald & Wiegand) Lint ex Snogerup & P.F.Zika}} *''Juncus exsertus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus falcatus'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus × fallax'' {{small|Trab.}} *''Juncus fascinatus'' {{small|(M.C.Johnst.) W.M.Knapp}} *''Juncus fastigiatus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus fauriei'' {{small|H.Lév. & Vaniot}} *''Juncus fauriensis'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus fernandez-carvajaliae'' {{small|Romero Zarco & Arán}} *''Juncus filicaulis'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus filiformis'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus filipendulus'' {{small|Buckley}} *''Juncus fimbristyloides'' {{small|Noltie}} *''Juncus firmus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus flavidus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus fockei'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus foliosus'' {{small|Desf.}} *''Juncus fominii'' {{small|Zoz}} *''Juncus fontanesii'' {{small|J.Gay ex Laharpe}} *''Juncus fugongensis'' {{small|S.Y.Bao}} *''Juncus × fulvescens'' {{small|Fernald}} *''Juncus ganeshii'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus georgianus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus gerardi'' {{small|Loisel.}} *''Juncus giganteus'' {{small|Sam.}} *''Juncus glaucoturgidus'' {{small|Noltie}} *''Juncus gonggae'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus × gracilescens'' {{small|F.J.Herm. ex Wadmond}} *''Juncus gracilicaulis'' {{small|A.Camus}} *''Juncus gracillimus'' {{small|(Buchenau) V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.}} *''Juncus grandiflorus'' {{small|L.f.}} *''Juncus greenei'' {{small|Oakes & Tuck.}} *''Juncus gregiflorus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus grisebachii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus guadeloupensis'' {{small|Buchenau & Urb.}} *''Juncus gubanovii'' {{small|Novikov}} *''Juncus gymnocarpus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus haenkei'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus hallii'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus harae'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus heldreichianus'' {{small|T.Marsson ex Parl.}} *''Juncus hemiendytus'' {{small|F.J.Herm.}} *''Juncus heptopotamicus'' {{small|V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.}} *''Juncus hesperius'' {{small|(Piper) Lint}} *''Juncus heterophyllus'' {{small|Dufour}} *''Juncus himalensis'' {{small|Klotzsch}} *''Juncus holoschoenus'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus homalocaulis'' {{small|F.Muell. ex Benth.}} *''Juncus hondurensis'' {{small|Proćków}} *''Juncus hookeridis'' {{small|Steud.}} *''Juncus howellii'' {{small|F.J.Herm.}} *''Juncus hybridus'' {{small|Brot.}} *''Juncus hydrophilus'' {{small|Noltie}} *''Juncus imbricatus'' {{small|Laharpe}} *''Juncus inflexus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus ingens'' {{small|N.A.Wakef.}} *''Juncus interior'' {{small|Wiegand}} *''Juncus × inundatus'' {{small|Drejer}} *''Juncus jacquinii'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus jaxarticus'' {{small|V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.}} *''Juncus jinpingensis'' {{small|S.Y.Bao}} *''Juncus kelloggii'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus khasiensis'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus kingii'' {{small|Rendle}} *''Juncus kleinii'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus krameri'' {{small|Franch. & Sav.}} *''Juncus kraussii'' {{small|Hochst.}} *''Juncus kuohii'' {{small|M.J.Jung}} *''Juncus laccatus'' {{small|P.F.Zika}} *''Juncus laeviusculus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus lancangensis'' {{small|Y.Y.Qian}} *''Juncus × lancastriensis'' {{small|Stace}} *''Juncus × langii'' {{small|Erdner}} *''Juncus leiospermus'' {{small|F.J.Herm.}} *''Juncus × lemieuxii'' {{small|B.Boivin}} *''Juncus leptospermus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus lesueurii'' {{small|Bol.}} *''Juncus leucanthus'' {{small|Royle ex D.Don}} *''Juncus leucomelas'' {{small|Royle ex D.Don}} *''Juncus liebmannii'' {{small|J.F.Macbr.}} *''Juncus littoralis'' {{small|C.A.Mey.}} *''Juncus llanquihuensis'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus lomatophyllus'' {{small|Spreng.}} *''Juncus longiflorus'' {{small|(A.Camus) Noltie}} *''Juncus longii'' {{small|Fernald}} *''Juncus longirostris'' {{small|Kuvaev}} *''Juncus longistamineus'' {{small|A.Camus}} *''Juncus longistylis'' {{small|Torr.}} *''Juncus luciensis'' {{small|Ertter}} *''Juncus luzuliformis'' {{small|Franch.}} *''Juncus macrandrus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus macrantherus'' {{small|V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.}} *''Juncus macrophyllus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus magellanicus'' {{small|Lam.}} *''Juncus marginatus'' {{small|Rostk.}} *''Juncus maritimus'' {{small|Lam.}} *''Juncus maroccanus'' {{small|Kirschner}} *''Juncus maximowiczii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus megacephalus'' {{small|M.A.Curtis}} *''Juncus megalophyllus'' {{small|S.Y.Bao}} *''Juncus meianthus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson ex K.L.Wilson}} *''Juncus membranaceus'' {{small|Royle}} *''Juncus mertensianus'' {{small|Bong.}} *''Juncus micranthus'' {{small|Schrad. ex E.Mey.}} *''Juncus microcephalus'' {{small|Kunth}} *''Juncus milashanensis'' {{small|A.M.Lu & Z.Y.Zhang}} *''Juncus militaris'' {{small|Bigelow}} *''Juncus minimus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus minutulus'' {{small|(Albert & Jahand.) Prain}} *''Juncus modicus'' {{small|N.E.Br.}} *''Juncus mogadorensis'' {{small|(H.Lindb.) A.W.Hill}} *''Juncus mollis'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus × montellii'' {{small|Vierh.}} *''Juncus × montserratensis'' {{small|Marcet}} *''Juncus × murbeckii'' {{small|Sagorski}} *''Juncus mustangensis'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus × neglectus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus nepalicus'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus nevadensis'' {{small|S.Watson}} *''Juncus nodatus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus × nodosiformis'' {{small|Fernald}} *''Juncus nodosus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus novae-zelandiae'' {{small|Hook.f.}} *''Juncus nupela'' {{small|Veldkamp}} *''Juncus oblongus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus × obotritorum'' {{small|Rothm.}} *''Juncus obtusiusculus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus occidentalis'' {{small|(Colville) Wiegand}} *''Juncus ochraceus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus ochrocoleus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus orchonicus'' {{small|Novikov}} *''Juncus × oronensis'' {{small|Fernald}} *''Juncus orthophyllus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus oxycarpus'' {{small|E.Mey. ex Kunth}} *''Juncus oxymeris'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus pallescens'' {{small|Lam.}} *''Juncus pallidus'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus paludosus'' {{small|E.L.Bridges & Orzell}} *''Juncus papillosus'' {{small|Franch. & Sav.}} *''Juncus parryi'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus patens'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus pauciflorus'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus pelocarpus'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus perpusillus'' {{small|Sam.}} *''Juncus persicus'' {{small|Boiss.}} *''Juncus pervetus'' {{small|Fernald}} *''Juncus petrophilus'' {{small|Miyam.}} *''Juncus phaeanthus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus phaeocephalus'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus planifolius'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus polyanthemus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus polycephalos'' {{small|Michx.}} *''Juncus potaninii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus prismatocarpus'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus procerus'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus prominens'' {{small|(Buchenau) Miyabe & Kudô}} *''Juncus przewalskii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus psammophilus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus punctorius'' {{small|L.f.}} *''Juncus pusillus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus pygmaeus'' {{small|Rich. ex Thuill.}} *''Juncus pylaei'' {{small|Laharpe}} *''Juncus radula'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus ramboi'' {{small|Barros}} *''Juncus ranarius'' {{small|Songeon & E.P.Perrier}} *''Juncus ratkowskyanus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus rechingeri'' {{small|Snogerup}} *''Juncus rectus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus regelii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus remotiflorus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus repens'' {{small|Michx.}} *''Juncus requienii'' {{small|Parl.}} *''Juncus revolutus'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus rigidus'' {{small|Desf.}} *''Juncus riparius'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus roemerianus'' {{small|Scheele}} *''Juncus rohtangensis'' {{small|Goel & Aswal}} *''Juncus × ruhmeri'' {{small|Asch. & Graebn.}} *''Juncus × sallandiae'' {{small|Corporaal & Schaminée}} *''Juncus salsuginosus'' {{small|Turcz. ex C.A.Mey.}} *''Juncus sandwithii'' {{small|Lourteig}} *''Juncus sarophorus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus saximontanus'' {{small|A.Nelson}} *''Juncus scheuchzerioides'' {{small|Gaudich.}} *''Juncus scirpoides'' {{small|Lam.}} *''Juncus scrobilatus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus secundus'' {{small|P.Beauv. ex Poir.}} *''Juncus semisolidus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus setchuensis'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus sherei'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus sikkimensis'' {{small|Hook.f.}} *''Juncus snowii'' {{small|W.M.Knapp & R.Carter}} *''Juncus socotranus'' {{small|(Buchenau) Snogerup}} *''Juncus sonderianus'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus soranthus'' {{small|Schrenk}} *''Juncus sorrentinoi'' {{small|Parl.}} *''Juncus sparganiifolius'' {{small|Boiss. & Kotschy ex Buchenau}} *''Juncus spectabilis'' {{small|Rendle}} *''Juncus sphacelatus'' {{small|Decne.}} *''Juncus sphaerocarpus'' {{small|Nees}} *''Juncus spumosus'' {{small|Noltie}} *''Juncus squarrosus'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus stipulatus'' {{small|Nees & Meyen}} *''Juncus striatus'' {{small|Schousb. ex E.Mey.}} *''Juncus × stuckeyi'' {{small|Reinking}} *''Juncus stygius'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus × subatratus'' {{small|Charit.}} *''Juncus subcaudatus'' {{small|(Engelm.) Coville & S.F.Blake}} *''Juncus subglaucus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus subnodulosus'' {{small|Schrank}} *''Juncus subsecundus'' {{small|N.A.Wakef.}} *''Juncus subtilis'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus subulatus'' {{small|Forssk.}} *''Juncus subulitepalus'' {{small|Balslev}} *''Juncus supiniformis'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus taonanensis'' {{small|Satake & Kitag.}} *''Juncus tenageia'' {{small|Ehrh. ex L.f.}} *''Juncus tenuis'' {{small|Willd.}} *''Juncus texanus'' {{small|(Engelm.) Coville}} *''Juncus textilis'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus thomasii'' {{small|Ten.}} *''Juncus thompsonianus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus thomsonii'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus tiehmii'' {{small|Ertter}} *''Juncus tingitanus'' {{small|Maire & Weiller}} *''Juncus tobdeniorum'' {{small|Noltie}} *''Juncus torreyi'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus trachyphyllus'' {{small|Miyam. & H.Ohba}} *''Juncus trichophyllus'' {{small|W.W.Sm.}} *''Juncus triformis'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus triglumis'' {{small|L.}} *''Juncus trigonocarpus'' {{small|Steud.}} *''Juncus trilocularis'' {{small|Zika}} *''Juncus turkestanicus'' {{small|V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.}} *''Juncus uncialis'' {{small|Greene}} *''Juncus uniflorus'' {{small|W.W.Sm.}} *''Juncus uruguensis'' {{small|Griseb.}} *''Juncus usitatus'' {{small|L.A.S.Johnson}} *''Juncus vaginatus'' {{small|R.Br.}} *''Juncus × valbrayi'' {{small|H.Lév.}} *''Juncus validus'' {{small|Coville}} *''Juncus valvatus'' {{small|Link}} *''Juncus vaseyi'' {{small|Engelm.}} *''Juncus venturianus'' {{small|Castillón}} *''Juncus virens'' {{small|Buchenau}} *''Juncus wallichianus'' {{small|J.Gay ex Laharpe}} *''Juncus xiphioides'' {{small|E.Mey.}} *''Juncus yui'' {{small|S.Y.Bao}}
{{div col end}}
===Formerly placed here=== *''Juncinella capitata'' {{small|(Weigel) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus capitatus'' {{small|Weigel}}) *''Juncinella cephalotes'' {{small|(Thunb.) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus cephalotes'' {{small|Thunb.}}) *''Juncinella obliqua'' {{small|(Adamson) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus obliquus'' {{small|Adamson}}) *''Juncinella picta'' {{small|(Steud.) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus pictus'' {{small|Steud.}}) *''Juncinella rupestris'' {{small|(Kunth) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus rupestris'' {{small|Kunth}}) *''Juncinella scabriuscula'' {{small|(Kunth) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus scabriusculus'' {{small|Kunth}}) *''Juncinella stenopetala'' {{small|(Adamson) Záv.Drábk. & Proćków}} (as ''Juncus stenopetalus'' {{small|Adamson}})
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q158480}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Juncus Category:Poales genera Category:Taxa described in 1753 Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus