{{short description|Extinct medieval horse breed}} {{About|the small medieval Spanish horse|a female donkey|Jenny (donkey)|other things with the same pronunciation|Genet (disambiguation){{!}}Genet}} thumb|A medieval jennet. A '''jennet''' or '''Spanish jennet''' was a small Spanish horse.<ref>[http://www.frankhopkins.com/mustangsA.html Bennett, Deb. "The Spanish Mustang: The Origin and Relationships of the Mustang, Barb, and Arabian Horse"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506052940/http://www.frankhopkins.com/mustangsA.html |date=2008-05-06 }}</ref> It was noted for a smooth naturally ambling gait, compact and well-muscled build, and a good disposition. The jennet was an ideal light riding horse, and as such spread across Europe and provided some of the foundation bloodstock for several horse breeds in the Americas.
== Etymology == According to the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "jennet" referred to a small Spanish horse. The 2000 edition of the ''American Heritage Dictionary'' also defines "jennet", with the alternative spelling ''genet'', as a small Spanish saddle horse. The "jennet" described a type, rather than a breed of horse, and thus is not used today; the term was in regular use during the Middle Ages to refer to a specific type of horse, usually one of Iberian or Barb extraction, often gaited.
In the etymology provided by the 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "jennet" is derived from the French ''genet'', from Spanish ''jinete'', a light horseman who rides ''à la jineta'', explained as "with his legs tucked up." This referred to their style of riding with shorter stirrups, which they preferred for closer collection of the horse. The term is taken to be a corruption of ''Zenata'', a Berber tribe famed for its cavalry.<ref>{{cite web |title=jinete |work=Diccionario de la lengua española |publisher=Real Academia Española |url=https://dle.rae.es/jinete |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Corriente |first=Federico |title=Hacia una revisión de los arabismos y otras voces con étimos del romance andalusí o lenguas medio-orientales en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española |journal=Boletín de la Real Academia Española |volume=76 |year=1996 |pages=153–195 |url=https://www.asale.org/sites/default/files/Corriente_153_195_Reducido.pdf |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> Felipe Maíllo Salgado has linked the medieval terms ''jinete'' and ''jineta'' to the history of Spanish cavalry and their lexical development.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Maíllo Salgado |first=Felipe |title=Jinete, Jineta y sus derivados: contribución al estudio del medievo español y al de su léxico |journal=Studia Philologica Salmanticensia |issue=6 |year=1982 |pages=105–117 |url=https://gredos.usal.es/handle/10366/84361 |access-date=7 May 2026}}</ref> In English and French, the word came to refer to the horse rather than the style of riding.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Jennet|volume=15|page=321}}</ref> In Spanish, that meaning has developed in modern times. The ''American Heritage Dictionary'''s etymology is similar, citing the Middle English ''genet'', from Old French; from the Catalan ''ginet'', of Arabic and, ultimately, of Berber origin.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=jennet "jennet"], American Heritage Dictionary</ref>
== Modern descendants and recreated breeds == The modern Spanish Jennet Horse, Paso Fino and Peruvian Paso breeds probably most closely resemble the original jennet. In the treatise ''Il Cavallarizzo'' written by Claudio Corte in 1562, three years after the end of the Great Italian Wars, the author describes at length the qualities of the ''ginecti'' (jennets) as horses useful for war.
According to Corte, the jennets were one of the most commonly used horses by the Spanish light cavalry. Spanish heavy cavalry used a different breed which Corte refers to as "Villanos". However, there is no mention of the Andalusian as a war horse in Corte's book, indicating that that breed either did not exist or was not used for war during the rise of Spain as a major European Power in 1494–1562.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Il_cavallarizzo.djvu|title = An ancient horsemanship Italian book. Original title: Il Cavallarizzo di Messer Claudio Corte di Pavia, nel quale si tratta della natura de' Cavalli del modo di domargli, e frenarli, e di tutto quello, che à Cavalli, e à buon Cavalerizzo s'appartiene|year = 1562}}</ref> The castle of Venafro in the Italian region of Molise (which was under Spanish rule in the 1500s) has numerous frescos portraying the ''ginecti'' (jennets), which seem to closely resemble a modern-day Criollo horse or a Peruvian Paso<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.francovalente.it/2007/12/22/i-cavalli-di-enrico-pandone-nel-castello-di-venafro-2/|title=I cavalli di Enrico Pandone nel Castello di Venafro}}</ref>
== See also == *Horses in the Middle Ages *Spanish Jennet Horse (modern breed)
== References == {{reflist}}
== External links == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080506052940/http://www.frankhopkins.com/mustangsA.html Bennett, Deb. "The Spanish Mustang: The Origin and Relationships of the Mustang, Barb, and Arabian Horse"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20071218143226/http://www.thegaitedhorse.com/spanish_jennet.htm Sponenberg, Phillip, DVM, PhD. "Spanish Jennet: Living in the Past" ''The Gaited Horse'' web page accessed January 26, 2008.]
Category:Types of horse Category:Horse history and evolution Category:Extinct horse breeds