{{Short description|Chemical compound}} {{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 407439119 | IUPAC_name = 2,4,6-triiodo-5-<nowiki/>{''N''-methyl-2-[methyl({2,4,6-triiodo-3,5-''bis''[(1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl})carbamoyl]acetamido}-1-''N'',3-''N-bis''(1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide | image = Iotrolan.png | image_class = skin-invert-image | width = 300
<!--Clinical data--> | tradename = Isovist | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|iotrolan}} | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = Contraindicated | legal_AU = | legal_UK = | legal_US = | legal_status = Rx-only | routes_of_administration =
<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> | bioavailability = | protein_bound = Negligible | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion = 99% via kidneys
<!--Identifiers--> | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 79770-24-4 | ATC_prefix = V08 | ATC_suffix = AB06 | PubChem = 3738 | ChemSpiderID = 3607 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 16FL47B687 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D01714 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1200555
<!--Chemical data--> | C=37 | H=48 | I=6 | N=6 | O=18 | smiles = CN(c1c(c(c(c(c1I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I)C(=O)CC(=O)N(C)c2c(c(c(c(c2I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I)C(=O)NC(CO)C(CO)O)I | StdInChI=1S/C37H48I6N6O18/c1-48(32-28(40)22(34(64)44-12(4-50)16(58)8-54)26(38)23(29(32)41)35(65)45-13(5-51)17(59)9-55)20(62)3-21(63)49(2)33-30(42)24(36(66)46-14(6-52)18(60)10-56)27(39)25(31(33)43)37(67)47-15(7-53)19(61)11-57/h12-19,50-61H,3-11H2,1-2H3,(H,44,64)(H,45,65)(H,46,66)(H,47,67) | StdInChIKey = XUHXFSYUBXNTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}
'''Iotrolan''' (trade name '''Isovist''') is an iodine-containing radiocontrast agent, a substance used to improve the visibility of body structures on images obtained by X-ray techniques.<ref name="pmid8209595">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sviridov NK | title = [The new nonionic contrast preparation for myelography iotrolan] | language = Russian | journal = Zhurnal Voprosy Neirokhirurgii Imeni N. N. Burdenko | volume = | issue = 2 | pages = 35–6 | date = 1994 | pmid = 8209595 | doi = | url = }}</ref>
{{as of|2021}}, it is unknown whether it is still marketed anywhere in the world.
==Medical uses== It is particularly used to image spaces surrounding the central nervous system, such as the ventricles, after injection into the cerebrospinal fluid; and also for angiography (imaging of blood vessels), urography (imaging of the urinary tract) and hysterosalpingography (imaging of uterus and fallopian tubes).<ref name="AC">{{cite book|title=Austria-Codex| veditors = Haberfeld H |at=Isovist 240 mg J/ml-Stechampulle; Isovist 280 mg J/ml-parenterale Röntgenkontrastmittellösung|publisher=Österreichischer Apothekerverlag|location=Vienna|year=2020|language=German}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://home.intekom.com/pharm/schering/isovist.html |title=Package insert |access-date=2011-09-16 |archive-date=2019-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825051908/http://home.intekom.com/pharm/schering/isovist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It can also be used to image joint spaces and in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).{{fact|date=September 2011}}
==Contraindications== Hysterosalpingography is contraindicated during pregnancy and during acute inflammation in the pelvic region.<ref name="AC" />
==Adverse effects== The most common side effects are nausea and vomiting. Redness and a hot feeling of the skin is relatively common when the medication is injected into a vein. When injected into the cerebrospinal fluid, headache is among the most common adverse effects, and sometimes confusion or hallucinations can occur. Allergy-like reactions such as fever, hypotension (low blood pressure) and shock have also been observed.<ref name="AC" />
==Interactions== Drug interactions are similar to other iodine-containing contrast agents. Iodine-131, a radioactive isotope used for thyroid imaging (scintigraphy) and therapy of thyroid cancers, can be less effective when used within two to six weeks after application of iotrolan because of residual iodine in the body. Iotrolan can slow down the excretion of the diabetes drug metformin, potentially resulting in lactic acidosis.<ref name="AC" />
==Chemistry and mechanism of action== {{see|Iodinated contrast}} Chemically, the substance is a dimer of a triiodinated isophthalic acid derivative. The iodine atoms readily absorb X-rays, improving the contrast in X-ray images of the body. It is non-ionic but water soluble.<ref name="AC" />
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Contrast media}}
Category:Radiocontrast agents Category:Iodobenzene derivatives Category:Benzamides Category:Anilides