Interdimensional UFO hypothesis

{{Short description|Idea advanced by Ufologists}} {{ufo}} The '''interdimensional UFO hypothesis''' ('''IUH''') is the proposal that unidentified flying object (UFO) sightings are the result of experiencing other "dimensions" or "portals" that coexist separately alongside our own.<ref name="Laycock 2021">{{cite book |author-last=Laycock |author-first=Joseph P. |year=2021 |chapter=Unmasking the Alien Deception: Why Evangelicals Are Studying Ufology |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkswEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 |editor-last=Zeller |editor-first=Ben |editor-link=Benjamin E. Zeller |title=Handbook of UFO Religions |location=Leiden and Boston |publisher=Brill Publishers |series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion |volume=20 |doi=10.1163/9789004435537_006 |isbn=978-90-04-43437-0 |issn=1874-6691 |pages=103–115 |s2cid=236696101 |access-date=2021-07-26 |archive-date=2021-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726125237/https://books.google.com/books?id=tkswEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The hypothesis has been advanced by ufologists such as Meade Layne,{{efn|

{{cite book|last1=Layne|first1=N. Meade |year=1950|chapter=|chapter-url=|location=|editor-last1=|editor-first1= |editor-last2=|editor-first2=|title=The Ether Ship Mystery And Its Solution|url=https://archive.org/details/ether_ship_mystery_and_its_solution_meade_layne/mode/2up |volume=|edition=1957|publication-place=|publisher=Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, PO Box 220, Bayside, California 95524|isbn=|issn=|url-status=|access-date=|via=}} }}<ref name="Reece"/> John Keel,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=edsMEAAAQBAJ|title=The Fortean Influence on Science Fiction: Charles Fort and the Evolution of the Genre|first=Tanner F.|last=Boyle|date=December 9, 2020|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476677408|via=Google Books|access-date=June 19, 2022|archive-date=June 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619235628/https://books.google.com/books?id=edsMEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> J. Allen Hynek, and Jacques Vallée.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZqSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 | title=The Otherworld in Myth, Folklore, Cinema, and Brain Science | isbn=9781527532908 | last1=Kline | first1=Jim | date=9 April 2019 | publisher=Cambridge Scholars | access-date=20 June 2022 | archive-date=20 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620233432/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZqSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Laycock 2021"/> Proponents of the interdimensional hypothesis argue that UFOs are a modern manifestation of a phenomenon that has occurred throughout recorded human history, which in prior ages was ascribed to mythological or supernatural creatures.<ref name=FW>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia|date=2006|publisher=World Almanac Education Group|contribution=History of UFOs|contribution-url=http://history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&content_type_id=57838&mini_id=57826}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Jeffrey J. Kripal, Chair in Philosophy and Religious Thought at Rice University, writes: "this interdimensional reading, long a staple of Spiritualism through the famous 'fourth dimension', would have a very long life within ufology and is still very much with us today".<ref name="kripal">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kNjcn8KsuUC&pg=PA105 | title=Mutants and Mystics: Science Fiction, Superhero Comics, and the Paranormal | isbn=9780226453835 | last1=Kripal | first1=Jeffrey J. | date=15 November 2011 | publisher=University of Chicago Press | access-date=15 June 2022 | archive-date=15 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615042839/https://books.google.com/books?id=8kNjcn8KsuUC&pg=PA105 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==

===Pre-modern history===

Concepts similar to ”other dimensions” exist amongst various religious and mystical traditions, such as Islamic mysticism known as Sufism. In this tradition, the concept ''al-ghayb'' refers to the hidden, unseen, and invisible, and encompasses a range of important phenomena in Islam and in the everyday lives of Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cas.au.dk/fileadmin/cas/forskning/Forskningsprogrammer/Al-Ghayb_-_conference_program.pdf|title=AL-GHAYB THE POETICS AND POLITICS OF THE UNSEEN IN ISLAM|first=Christian|last=Suhr|date=Dec 12, 2013|publisher=|isbn=|via=|access-date=|archive-date=|archive-url=|url-status=}}</ref> Within this mystical tradition, there is a concept of a hidden multilayered reality or world known as ''<nowiki/>'ālam al-mithāl'', or “the world of similitude” which is considered to be an intermediary realm between the physical world (''‘ālam al-shahada'') and the purely spiritual world (''‘ālam al-malakut''). It is believed within this dominion exists everything unseen including intelligent non-human entities, known in Islam as jinn and angels.

thumb|right|Helena Blavatsky, founder of Theosophy

===Modern=== In the 19th century, various spiritualists believed in "other dimensions". In the late 19th century, the metaphysical term "planes" was popularized by H. P. Blavatsky, who propounded a complex cosmology consisting of seven "planes".<ref name="kripal"/> Blavatsky adapted the word aether from Ancient Greek (via Victorian physics that would later be discredited) into the term "ether", which was subsequently incorporated into the writings of 19th-century occultists.

The "etheric plane" and the "etheric body" were introduced into Theosophy by Charles Webster Leadbeater and Annie Besant to represent a hypothetical 'fourth plane', above the "planes" of solids, liquids, and gases. The term "etheric" was later used by popular occult authors such as Alice Bailey, Rudolf Steiner, and numerous others.<ref name="kripal"/>

The first use of the word, as ''inter-dimensional'', is in a novel by Z Gale of 1906.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oed.com/discover/oed-june-2023-update|website=www.oed.com|title=Starbound|date=|publisher=Oxford English Dictionaries|access-date=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-date=|via=www.oed.com/dictionary/interdimensional_adj?tl=true }}</ref>{{efn|{{cite book|last1=Gale|first1=Zona|author-link1=Zona Gale |editor-first1= |editor-last2=|editor-first2=|title=Romance Island|url=https://archive.org/details/romanceisland01galegoog/page/n202/mode/2up?q=inter+dimensional|series=|language=|volume=|edition=|publication-place=|publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company|publication-date= |isbn=|issn=|url-status=|access-date=|via=}}: :p.173: ::"As it is" pursued the prince "your people do perfectly understand lifting a square and placing it upon a square or a triangle upon a triangle. But you do not know anything of about placing a cube upon a cube, or a pyramid upon a pyramid ''so that both occupy the same space at the same time'' We of Yaque have mastered that principle also" the prince tranquily concluded, "and all that of which is the alphabet. That is why we are able to keep our island unknown to the world - not to say 'invisble' - "But" he said "your Highness, there is not a mathematician in the civilized world who has not considered that problem and cast it aside, with the word that if fourth-dimensional space exists it cannot be inhabited." :p.176 ::"The Fourth dimension is only the beginning. We utilize that to isolate our island. But the higher dimensions are gradually being conquered too. Nearly all of us can pass into the Fifth at will 'disappearing,' as you have the word, from the lower dimensions. - Also we pass at will into the Fifth dimension and even higher, and seem to 'disappear'; the only difference is that, there, we should not yet be able to guide one who did not himself understand how to pass there." :p.190 ::", as if his was not only the cosmopolitanism that knows no municipal or continental aliens of its own class, but a kind of inter-dimensional cosmopolitanism as well" }}

== Theory == ===Meade Layne and 'Ether Ships'=== {{1947 flying disc craze}} On July 4, 1947, occultist Meade Layne claimed that flying discs were "etheric".<ref name="Reece"/> Layne claimed to be in telepathic communication with "people in the saucers", arguing "it is possible for objects to pass from an etheric to a dense level of matter and will then appear to materialize. They then will return to an etheric conditions".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/788881393/|title=5 Jul 1947, 1 - The Herald-Sun at Newspapers.com|website=Newspapers.com|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527063813/http://www.newspapers.com/image/788881393/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Reece"/> Layne claimed that "These visitors are not excarnate humans but are human beings living in their own world. They come with good intent. They have some idea of experimenting with earth life."<ref name="auto65">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/788881408/|title=5 Jul 1947, 2 - The Herald-Sun at Newspapers.com|website=Newspapers.com|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522035122/http://www.newspapers.com/image/788881408/|url-status=live}}</ref> The prior year, it had been reported that Layne consulted a medium who relayed communications from a "space ship named Careeta" that came to Earth from 'an unidentified planet'.<ref name="auto65"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/563072982/|title=15 Oct 1946, 1 - Hanford Morning Journal at Newspapers.com|website=Newspapers.com|access-date=15 June 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531200129/http://www.newspapers.com/image/563072982/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Reece"/>

According to one scholar, Layne coined the term "interdimensional hypostasis" to describe the sightings.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwBKDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT84|title=Methexiology: Philosophical Theology and Theological Philosophy for the Deification of Humanity|first=Nicolas|last=Laos|date=May 19, 2016|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=9781498233866|via=Google Books|access-date=June 15, 2022|archive-date=June 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615022742/https://books.google.com/books?id=QwBKDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT84|url-status=live}}</ref> Layne is regarded as the earliest proponent of the interdimensional hypothesis.<ref name="Reece">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r4nAAAAYAAJ|title=UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture - Gregory L. Reece - Google Books|isbn=9781845114510 |last1=Reece |first1=Gregory L. |date=15 August 2007 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic }}</ref>

===John Keel and 'Ultraterrestrials'=== {{Further information|Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis}}

Keel created the term "ultraterrestrials" to describe UFO occupants he believed to be non-human entities "which exist in a wavelength of energy which we cannot detect".<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lomas|first1=Tim|date=2023|location=Harvard University|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375553282|title=The ultraterrestrial hypothesis: A case for scientific openness to an "interdimensional" explanation for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena|journal=Journal of Transpersonal Psychology|volume=55|issue=1|pages=9}}</ref> In his 1970 book ''UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse'', Keel argued that a non-human or spiritual intelligence source has staged whole events over a long period of time in order to propagate and reinforce certain erroneous belief systems. For example, monsters, ghosts and demons, the fairy faith in Middle Europe, vampire legends, mystery airships in 1897, mystery aeroplanes of the 1930s, mystery helicopters, anomalous creature sightings, poltergeist phenomena, balls of light, and UFOs; Keel conjectured that ultimately all of these anomalies are a cover for the real phenomenon.<ref name="Trojan">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtcdcAAACAAJ | title=Operation Trojan Horse: An Exhaustive Study of Unidentified Flying Objects - Revealing Their Source and the Forces that Control Them | last1=Keel | first1=John A. | year=1973 | access-date=2022-06-20 | archive-date=2022-06-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620004335/https://books.google.com/books?id=KtcdcAAACAAJ | url-status=live }}</ref>

===Hynek and Vallée=== thumb|right|J. Allen Hynek (left) and Jacques Vallée (right) J. Allen Hynek was an American astronomer who served as scientific advisor to the U.S. Air Force UFO studies: Project Sign, Project Grudge, and Project Blue Book. Hynek pioneered the "Close Encounter" classification system; Hynek had a cameo in Stephen Spielberg's film ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.history.com/news/j-allen-hynek-ufos-project-blue-book|title=Meet J. Allen Hynek, the Astronomer Who First Classified UFO 'Close Encounters'|last=Daugherty|first=Greg|website=History.com|date=19 November 2018 |language=en|access-date=May 28, 2019|archive-date=May 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512203017/https://www.history.com/news/j-allen-hynek-ufos-project-blue-book|url-status=live}}</ref> Jacques Vallée, a student of Hynek's, served as the inspiration for the French researcher portrayed by François Truffaut in the film.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.com/story/jacques-vallee-still-doesnt-know-what-ufos-are/ | title=Jacques Vallée Still Doesn't Know What UFOs Are | magazine=Wired | last1=Tattoli | first1=Chantel | access-date=2022-06-20 | archive-date=2022-06-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620225224/https://www.wired.com/story/jacques-vallee-still-doesnt-know-what-ufos-are/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1975's ''The Edge of Reality'', Vallée and Hynek consider the possibility of what they call "interlocking universes": <blockquote>VALLÉE: What other wild hypotheses could we make?<br/>HYNEK: There could be other universe with different quantum rules or vibration rates if you want. Our own space-time continuum could be a cross-section through a universe with many more dimensions. ... Think what a hard time you would have convincing an aborigine that right now, through this room, TV pictures are passing! Yet they're here. You have to have a transducer to see them -- namely a TV set. Well, in the same sense ''there may be interlocking universes right here!'' We have this idea of space, we always think of another universe being ''someplace else''. It may not. Maybe it's right here."</blockquote>

In his 'landmark' 1969 book ''Passport to Magonia: On UFOS, Folklore and Parallel Worlds'', Vallée argues for a "parallel universe co-existing with our own".<ref name="books.google.com"/> The idea was reiterated in Vallée's subsequent writings.<ref name=Dick>{{cite book|title=The Biological Universe|author=Steven J. Dick|author-link=Steven J. Dick|pages=313–320|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1999|isbn=9780521663618}}</ref> Vallée's summarized his objection in his 1990 paper "Five Arguments Against the Extraterrestrial Origin of Unidentified Flying Objects":<ref>Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1990:</ref> <blockquote> # unexplained close encounters are far more numerous than required for any physical survey of the earth; # the humanoid body structure of the alleged "aliens" is not likely to have originated on another planet and is not biologically adapted to space travel; # the reported behavior in thousands of abduction reports contradicts the hypothesis of genetic or scientific experimentation on humans by an advanced race; # the extension of the phenomenon throughout recorded human history demonstrates that UFOs are not a contemporary phenomenon; # the apparent ability of UFOs to manipulate space and time suggests radically different and richer alternatives. </blockquote>

== In popular culture == The 2008 action-adventure film ''Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull'' utilizes the interdimensional hypothesis and describes ancient aliens not flying into space but into ”the space between the spaces".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=December 20 |first1=Lisa Schwarzbaum Updated |last2=EST |first2=2019 at 06:03 AM |title=Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/06/16/indiana-jones-and-kingdom-crystal-skull-3/ |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629030213/https://ew.com/article/2012/06/16/indiana-jones-and-kingdom-crystal-skull-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Child |first=Ben |date=2022-07-15 |title=Why there's no way back for George Lucas' alien-contact Indiana Jones storyline |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jul/15/indiana-jones-crystal-skull-alien-contact-storyline |access-date=2023-06-29 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629030213/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jul/15/indiana-jones-crystal-skull-alien-contact-storyline |url-status=live }}</ref>

The 2014 movie ''Interstellar'' employs a mix of the interdimensional and the time-traveler hypotheses. The ''bulk-beings''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thorne |first1=Kip |title=An 'Interstellar' Explainer: What Are Bulk Beings? |url=https://wwnorton.medium.com/an-interstellar-explainer-what-are-bulk-beings-1f0d0d99f847 |website=Medium |date=3 October 2017 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |access-date=July 20, 2023 |archive-date=July 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720195703/https://wwnorton.medium.com/an-interstellar-explainer-what-are-bulk-beings-1f0d0d99f847 |url-status=live }}</ref> who built the tesseract inside the supermassive black hole Gargantua are later revealed to be future humans who have evolved to exist in five dimensions.

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * Algernon Blackwood [https://www.hilobrow.com/2022/06/26/victim-5/ <small>A VICTIM OF HIGHER SPACE (5)</small>], www.hilobrow.com, June 26, 2022 {{UFOs}}

Category:Ufology Category:Multiverse Category:Pseudoscience Category:Extraterrestrial life Category:20th-century neologisms Category:UFO conspiracy theories