{{Short description|Stand or tray used for holding writing instruments}} [[File:Inkstand for Antonius Simons van Breda - Johannes van der Toorn - KU Leuven Art Collection - Y090.jpg|thumb|Five-piece silver inkstand for Antonius Simons van Breda (1750-1823), made by silversmith Johannes Adrianus van der Toorn (1747-1832), collection KU Leuven]] An '''inkstand''' is a stand, tray, or casket used to house writing instruments.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm65205051 |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-518948-3 |editor-last=Campbell |editor-first=Gordon |location=New York, N.Y |chapter=Standish |oclc=ocm65205051}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Beal |first=Peter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/173498627 |title=A Dictionary of English Manuscript Terminology, 1450–2000 |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957612-8 |location=Oxford; New York |chapter=Inkstand |oclc=173498627}}</ref> They were generally portable objects, intended to sit on the table or desk where the person was writing.<ref name=":1" /> They were useful household objects when quill pens and dip pens were in everyday use. At the most basic, an inkstand had a pen, a tightly-capped inkwell, and a sand shaker for rapidly drying the ink after it was written on the page.<ref name=":1" />
Other items might also be included. A penwiper (a cloth for wiping blobs of ink off the end of the pen) would often be included, and from the mid-nineteenth century, an inkstand might have a box or compartment for steel nibs used in dip pens. They might have a box or drawer for sealing wax and other necessities, such as a candle and a candle holder to use while melting the wax wafers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Inkstands could be made of any material. In middle-class households, they might be made of tin, wood, pewter or brass.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> In wealthier households, they were most often made of silver<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inkstand with Sandbox and Cover for Pen Compartment |url=https://art.thewalters.org/detail/3198/inkstand/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Online Collection of the Walters Art Museum |language=en}}</ref> or sometimes porcelain, and could be decorated with crystal, mother of pearl, gold, or even jewels.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Inkstands with tightly closing lids, often finely made, were part and parcel of a traveling kit, until the widespread use of the fountain pen. Inkstands were going out of use before the development of ballpoint pen, which finished them as a primary source of ink.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inkstand {{!}} Writing, Quill & Dip Pen {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/inkstand |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
An older name for an inkstand was a '''standish'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beal |first=Peter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/173498627 |title=A Dictionary of English Manuscript Terminology, 1450–2000 |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957612-8 |location=Oxford; New York |chapter=Standish |oclc=173498627}}</ref> During the 19th century, they were sometimes called '''pen rests'''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beal |first=Peter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/173498627 |title=A Dictionary of English Manuscript Terminology, 1450–2000 |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-957612-8 |location=Oxford; New York |chapter=Pen rest |oclc=173498627}}</ref>
== Historic examples == Relatively few inkstands survive.<ref name=":0" />
The Syng inkstand, made in 1752 by Philip Syng, was used in Philadelphia's Independence Hall by the American delegates to sign both the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787.
<gallery mode="packed" widths="240" heights="120"> File:Syng inkstand.jpg|The Syng inkstand File:Kalamarz szkolny 0211.jpg|The school inkstand File:1920 American Ink Stand.JPG|1920 inkstand File:Chelsea Porcelain Factory - Inkstand - Walters 48842 (2).jpg|Porcelain inkstand. The Walters Art Museum </gallery>
== See also == * Pounce (powder)
== References == {{Reflist}}
== External links == * {{Commons category-inline|Inkstands}}
Category:Writing implements