Idyll

An '''idyll''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|d|ɪ|l}}, {{IPAc-en|ukalso|ˈ|ɪ|d|ɪ|l}}; {{ety|el|''εἰδύλλιον'' (eidullion)|short poem}}; occasionally spelled ''idyl'' in American English)<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Chambers Dictionary|publisher=Chambers|year=2003|isbn=0-550-10105-5|edition=9th|chapter=idyll}}</ref><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|idyll}}</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dei%29du%2Fllion εἰδύλλιον], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> is a short poem, descriptive of rustic life, written in the style of Theocritus's short pastoral poems, the '''''Idylls''''' (Εἰδύλλια).

Unlike Homer, Theocritus did not engage in heroes and warfare. His idylls are limited to a small intimate world, and describe scenes from everyday life. Later imitators include the Roman poets Virgil and Catullus, Italian poets Torquato Tasso, Sannazaro and Leopardi, the English poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson (''Idylls of the King''), and Nietzsche's ''Idylls from Messina''. Goethe called his poem ''Hermann and Dorothea''—which Schiller considered the very climax in Goethe's production—an idyll.<ref>Gjert Vestrheim: "Hellas som ideal", ''Antikken i ettertiden'' (s. 170-2), edited by Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 2009, {{ISBN|978-82-15-01482-1}}</ref>

==Terminology== The term is used in music to refer generally to a work evocative of pastoral or rural life such as Edward MacDowell's ''Forest Idylls'', and more specifically to a kind of French courtly entertainment (''divertissement'') of the baroque era where a pastoral poem was set to music, accompanied by ballet and singing. Examples of the latter are Lully's ''Idylle sur la Paix'' set to a text by Racine, Charpentier’s ''idylle sur le retour de la santé du Roi'' H.489 and Desmarets' ''Idylle sur la naissance du duc de Bourgogne'' set to a text by Antoinette Deshoulières.<ref>Randel, Don Michael (1999). "Idyll", [https://books.google.com/books?id=7iuZ6HaEMmoC&q=Idyll ''The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians'']. Harvard University Press, p. 312 and ''passim''. {{ISBN|0-674-00084-6}}; Sadie, Julie Anne (1998). ''Companion to Baroque Music''. University of California Press, p. 53. {{ISBN|0-520-21414-5}}</ref>

In the visual arts, an idyll is a painting depicting the same sort of subject matter to be found in idyllic poetry, often with rural or peasant life as its central theme. One of the earliest examples is the early 15th century ''Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry''.<ref>Hagen, Rose-Marie and Hagen, Rainer (2002) [https://books.google.com/books?id=e2DvEibWkKsC&dq=idyll+painting&pg=PA20 ''What Great Paintings Say'', Volume 1]. Taschen, p. 20. {{ISBN|3-8228-2100-4}}</ref> The genre was particularly popular in English paintings of the Victorian era.<ref>Treble, Rosemary (1989). "The Victorian picture of the country" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=7P8NAAAAQAAJ&dq=idyll+painting&pg=PA58 ''The Rural idyll''] (G. E. Mingay, ed.). Routledge, pp. 51–59. {{ISBN|0-415-03394-2}}</ref>

In relationships, an idyll with someone refers to a short, incredibly happy, peaceful, and romantic period of time spent together, often in a scenic or rustic setting. It implies an idyllic, carefree escape from the pressures of modern life, characterized by harmony and simplicity. It can also describe a short, intense romantic affair.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krasting |first1=Malte |title=Too beautiful to be true: The idyll in music |url=https://www.berliner-philharmoniker.de/en/stories/the-idyll-in-music/ |website=berliner-philharmoniker.de/en |publisher=Berliner Philharmoniker}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Idyl|volume=14|page=291|first=Edmund|last=Gosse|author-link=Edmund Gosse}} This contains a somewhat opinionated and selective view of the development of the form.

==External links== * {{Wiktionary-inline|idyll}}

Category:Genres of poetry Category:Ancient Greek poetry Category:Music genres Category:Visual arts genres