{{Short description|Arab scholar, biographer and historian (784/5-845)}} {{Distinguish|Ibn Saud}} {{Infobox religious biography | religion = Islam | era = {{Plainlist| *Islamic golden age *(Early Abbasid era) }} | image = | caption = | name = Muhammad ibn Sa'd ibn Mani' al-Hashimi | title = Katib al-Waqidi | birth_date = {{template:AH|168|link=y}} | death_date = 16 February 845 (aged 61) (230 AH)<ref name="Ibn Hajar, Taqrib al-Tahdhib">Ibn Hajar, Taqrib al-Tahdhib</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 1, p.546, Edition. I, 1964</ref>| | ethnicity = | region = | works = 'كتاب طبقات الكبرى', ''Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra'' (Book of the Major Classes) | influences = Al-Waqidi | influenced = | birth_place = Basra<ref>Siyar A'lam al-Nubala (10/664) .</ref> }} '''Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Sa‘d ibn Manī‘ al-Baṣrī al-Hāshimī'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first=J.W. |last=Fück |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ibn-sad-SIM_3343 |title=Ibn Saʿd |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam |edition=2 |publisher=Brill |date=1960 |isbn=9789004161214 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref> or simply '''Ibn Sa'd''' ({{langx|ar|ابن سعد}}) and nicknamed ''Scribe of Waqidi'' (''Katib al-Waqidi''), was a scholar and Arabian biographer. Ibn Sa'd was born in {{template:AH|168|link=y}}<ref name="imamate">{{cite web |author=MM |url=http://www.al-islam.org/imamate/biblio.htm |title=Imamate |publisher=Al-islam.org |access-date=2010-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821032700/http://www.al-islam.org/imamate/biblio.htm |archive-date=2009-08-21 }}</ref> and died on 16 February 845 CE (230 AH).<ref name="imamate"/> Ibn Sa'd was from Basra,<ref name="Ibn Hajar, Taqrib al-Tahdhib"/> but lived mostly in Baghdad, hence the ''nisba'' al-Basri and al-Baghdadi respectively. He is said to have died at the age of 62 in Baghdad and was buried in the cemetery of the Syrian gate.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3|page=65|chapter=Muhammad ibn Saad|author=Ibn Khallikan|author-link=Ibn Khallikan|translator=William MacGuckin de Slane|year=1868|publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland}}</ref>

==''Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr''== The ''Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr'' ({{Translation|''The Major Book of Classes''}}) is a compendium of biographical information (''tabaqāt'') about famous Islamic personalities. This eight-volume work contains the lives of Muhammad, his Companions and his Helpers, including those who fought at the Battle of Badr as a special class, and of the following generation, the Followers, who received their traditions from the Companions.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle = Ibn Ṣa'd|volume=14|page=223}}</ref>

Ibn Sa'd's authorship of this work is attested in a postscript to the book added by a later writer. In this notice he is described as a "client of al-Husayn ibn ‘Abdullah of the ‘Abbasid family".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnalhyderabadee.blogspot.com/2006/04/muhammad-ibn-saad.html |title=Muhammad Ibn Sa'ad Ibn al-Hyder Abadee Blogspot |publisher=Ibnalhyderabadee.blogspot.com |date=2006-04-20 |access-date=2010-05-19 |archive-date=2011-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708042408/http://ibnalhyderabadee.blogspot.com/2006/04/muhammad-ibn-saad.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The work was subject to a major study by a European scholar already in 1869.<ref>cf. Loth, Otto, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NNYOAAAAQAAJ Das Classenbuch des Ibn Sa‘d: Einleitende Untersuchungen über Authentie und Inhalt nach den handschriftlichen Überresten]'' (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1869).</ref>

===Contents=== * Books 1 and 2 contain a prophetic biography. * Books 3 and 4 contain biographies of companions of Muhammad. * Books 5, 6 and 7 contain biographies of later Islamic scholars. * Book 8 contains biographies of Islamic women.

== Published editions ==

=== Arabic === * {{Cite book |last=Ibn Saʻd |first=Muḥammad |title=Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr : wa-huwa mushtamil aydan ʻalá al-Sīrah al-Sharīfah al-Nabawīyah / taṣnīf Muḥammad ibn Saʻd Kātib al-Wāqidī; ʻaniya bi-taṣḥīḥihi wa ṭabʻihi Idward Sakhaw; Kārl Brūkilmān |publisher=Brill |year=1904–40 |editor-last=Sachau |editor-first=Eduard |editor-link=Eduard Sachau |volume=9 vols |location=Leiden |language=ar |script-title=ar:كتاب الطبقات الكبير : وهو مشتمل أيضاً على السيرة الشريفة النبويّة. الجزء الثامن |trans-title=Biographien Muhammeds, seiner gefährten und der späteren träger des Islams bis zum jahre 230 der flucht |editor-last2=Brockelmann |editor-first2=Carl |editor-link2=Carl Brockelmann}} (includes brief German synopses with page references for each book, reprinted in 2022 as {{cite book | author = Muḥammad Ibn Saʿd | date = 13 January 2022 | title = <nowiki>Biography of Muḥammad, His Companions and the Successors up to the Year 230 of the Hijra: Eduard Sachau's Edition of <i>Kitāb Al-Ṭabaqāt Al-Kabīr</i></nowiki> | publisher = BRILL | pages = | isbn = 978-90-04-46989-1 | oclc = 1291632208 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QafczgEACAAJ}}[https://archive.org/details/tabqaatibnsaadarabic/page/n7/mode/1up online link] ** In 1968, Iḥsān Abbās edited it (Beirut: Dār Sādir). *{{cite book|editor=‘Alī Muḥammad ‘Umar |date=2001 |title=Kitāb al-ṭabaqāt al-kabīr |place=Cairo |publisher=Maktabat al-Khānjī |url=https://archive.org/details/tabqaatibnsaadarabic/mode/2up}} Contains 11 volumes.<ref>{{cite book|first=Lejla |last=Demiri |title=Muslim Exegesis of the Bible in Medieval Cairo: Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī's (d. 716/1316) Commentary on the Christian Scriptures. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cT4yAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA549 |date=2013 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-24320-0 |pages=549 |access-date=2015-11-05}}</ref>

=== English === * S. Moinul Haq (transl.), ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume I, Parts I & II''; Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society, 1967 [= ''Pakistan Historical Society Publication'', no.&nbsp;46]

* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume II, Parts I & II''; Karachi: Pakistan Historical Society, 1972 [= ''Pakistan Historical Society Publication'', no.&nbsp;59]

* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), [https://dokumen.pub/qdownload/tabaqat-al-kabir-life-of-the-prophet-vol-i-parts-i-and-ii-1nbsped-8171511279-8171511287.html Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume I] ( Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 1981)

* S. Moinul Haq (transl.), [https://dokumen.pub/qdownload/kitab-al-tabaqat-al-kabir-life-of-the-prophet-muhammad-vol-ii-parts-i-and-ii-8171511279-8171511295.html Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir: Volume ll] ( Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi, 1981)

* Abridged translations of Volumes 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 have been translated by Aisha Bewley and published under the titles of ''The Companions of Badr'', ''The Men of Madina-II'', ''The Scholars of Kufa'', ''The Men of Madina-I'', and ''The Women of Madina''.

== See also == * List of Islamic scholars * Prophetic biography * List of biographies of Muhammad

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Wikisource|ar|مؤلف:ابن سعد|Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi}} * [http://www.muslimscholars.info/manage.php?submit=scholar&ID=30008 Biodata at MuslimScholars.info]

{{Historians of Islam|state=collapsed}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sad, Ibn}} Category:784 births Category:845 deaths Category:9th-century historians from the Abbasid Caliphate Category:Hadith scholars Category:9th-century Arab people Category:Biographical evaluation scholars Category:Critics of Abu Hanifa

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