{{Short description|Calcium aluminium garnet}} {{Infobox mineral | name = Hydrogrossular | category = Nesosilicate | boxwidth = | boxbgcolor = | image = File:Hydrogrossulaar.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | formula = Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3−x</sub>(OH)<sub>4x</sub> | IMAsymbol = Hgrs<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref> | molweight = | system = Cubic | color = green to bluish green, pink, white, gray | habit = Massive | twinning = | cleavage = none | fracture = conchoidal | mohs = 7–7.5 | luster = vitreous | polish = vitreous to subadamantine | refractive = {{val|1.810|0.004|0.020}} | opticalprop = single refractive, anomalous aggregate reaction | birefringence = none | dispersion = | pleochroism = none | fluorescence= inert | absorption = dark green hydrogrossular often shows cutoff below 460 nm. Other color stones may show line around 463 nm, indicating some idocrase content | streak = | gravity = {{val|4.15|0.05|0.03}} | density = | melt = | fusibility = | diagnostic = | solubility = | diaphaneity = | other = | references = Gemological Institute of America<ref name="GRG">Gemological Institute of America, ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, {{ISBN|0-87311-019-6}}</ref> }} '''Hydrogrossular''' is a calcium aluminium garnet series (formula: Ca<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3−''x''</sub>(OH)<sub>4''x''</sub>, with hydroxide (OH) partially replacing silica (SiO<sub>4</sub>)). The endmembers of the hydrogarnet family (grossular, hibschite, and katoite) depend on the degree of substitution (''x''):<ref name="GRG"/>
* grossular: ''x'' = 0 * hibschite: 0.2 < ''x'' < 1.5 * katoite: 1.5 < ''x'' < 3.
Hydrogrossular is a garnet variety in which a Si<sup>4+</sup> is missing from a tetrahedral site. Charge balance is maintained by bonding a H<sup>+</sup> to each of the four oxygens surrounding the vacant site.
Hydrogrossular is found in massive crystal habit, sometimes grown in with idocrase.<ref name="GRG"/>
Hydrogrossular is translucent to opaque, and found in green to bluish green, pink, white, and gray. The cause of the green color is chromium, and possibly iron. Pink hydrogrossular is caused by the presence of manganese. Hydrogrossular may have dark gray to black small inclusions.<ref name="GRG"/> It has similarities to jade, and has the misnomers ''Transvaal jade'', and ''African jade''.<ref name="GRG"/>
Hydrogrossular is sometimes used as a gemstone, being cabochon cut, or made into beads. Sources for green and pink hydrogrossular are South Africa, Canada, and the United States. White hydrogrossular is sourced from Burma and China.<ref name="GRG"/>
==References== {{reflist}}
== External links == * [http://www.mindat.org/min-8635.html Grossular-Hibschite Series on Mindat]
Category:Aluminium minerals Category:Calcium minerals Category:Cement Category:Garnet gemstones
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