Hydrobiology

{{Short description|Science of life and life processes in water}} {{External links|date=July 2018}} thumb|388x388px|An example of a mountain lake ecosystem '''Hydrobiology''' is the science of life and life processes in water. Much of modern hydrobiology can be viewed as a sub-discipline of ecology but the sphere of hydrobiology includes taxonomy, economic and industrial biology, morphology, and physiology. The one distinguishing aspect is that all fields relate to aquatic organisms. Most work is related to limnology and can be divided into lotic system ecology (flowing waters) and lentic system ecology (still waters).

One of the significant areas of current research is eutrophication. Special attention is paid to biotic interactions in plankton assemblage including the microbial loop, the mechanism of influencing algal blooms, phosphorus load, and lake turnover. Another subject of research is the acidification of mountain lakes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Kopáček |first1=Jiří |last2=Kaňa |first2=Jiří |last3=Bičárová |first3=Svetlana |last4=Brahney |first4=Janice |last5=Navrátil |first5=Tomáš |last6=Norton |first6=Stephen A. |last7=Porcal |first7=Petr |last8=Stuchlík |first8=Evžen |date=2019-09-06 |title=Climate change accelerates recovery of the Tatra Mountain lakes from acidification and increases their nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations |journal=Aquatic Sciences |language=en |volume=81 |issue=4 |page=70 |doi=10.1007/s00027-019-0667-7 |bibcode=2019AqSci..81...70K |s2cid=201848799 |issn=1420-9055}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Beamish |first1=Richard J. |last2=Harvey |first2=Harold H. |date=2011-04-13 |title=Acidification of the La Cloche Mountain Lakes, Ontario, and Resulting Fish Mortalities |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/f72-169 |journal=Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada |volume=29 |issue=8 |pages=1131–1143 |language=en |doi=10.1139/f72-169|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Long-term studies are carried out on changes in the ionic composition of the water of rivers,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Qu |first1=Bin |last2=Zhang |first2=Yulan |last3=Kang |first3=Shichang |last4=Sillanpää |first4=Mika |date=2019-02-01 |title=Water quality in the Tibetan Plateau: Major ions and trace elements in rivers of the "Water Tower of Asia" |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718332868 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |language=en |volume=649 |pages=571–581 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.316 |pmid=30176468 |bibcode=2019ScTEn.649..571Q |s2cid=52169676 |issn=0048-9697|url-access=subscription }}</ref> lakes and reservoirs in connection with acid rain and fertilization. One goal of current research is elucidation of the basic environmental functions of the ecosystem in reservoirs,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Galizia Tundisi |first=José |date=2018-08-01 |title=Reservoirs: New challenges for ecosystem studies and environmental management |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246831241730007X |journal=Water Security |language=en |volume=4-5 |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1016/j.wasec.2018.09.001 |bibcode=2018WatSe...4....1G |s2cid=240294270 |issn=2468-3124|url-access=subscription }}</ref> which are important for water quality management and water supply. [[File:Algal bloom from Cyclone Veronica.jpg|thumb|286x286px|Algal Bloom from Cyclone Veronica]]

Much of the early work of hydrobiologists concentrated on the biological processes utilized in sewage treatment and water purification especially slow sand filters. Other historically important work sought to provide biotic indices for classifying waters according to the biotic communities that they supported. This work continues to this day in Europe in the development of classification tools for assessing water bodies for the EU water framework directive.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Introduction to the EU Water Framework Directive - Environment - European Commission |url=https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/info/intro_en.htm |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref>

A hydrobiologist technician conducts field analysis for hydrobiology. They identify plants and living species, locate their habitat, and count them. They also identify pollutants and nuisances that can affect the aquatic fauna and flora. They take the samples and write reports of their observations for publications.

A hydrobiologist engineer intervenes more in the process of the study. They define the intervention protocols and what samples should be taken. They plan and program the study campaigns, and then summarize their results. In the event of pollution, they propose solutions to improve the biological quality of water within the framework of the regulations in force. In the case of complex programs, hydrobiologists can work in a multidisciplinary team with botanists and zoologists.

The hydrobiologist works on behalf of large public institutions of a scientific and technological nature (CNRS, INRA, IRD, CIRAD, IRSTEA ...), public institutions (Water Agencies, Regional Directorates environment, Higher Council of Fisheries, CEMAGREF ...), companies (EDF, Veolia environment, Suez environment, Saur, ...), local authorities, research departments, and associations (Federations of fishing, Permanent Centers for Environmental Initiatives ...).

== Training and studies == The biologist technician usually has a training level bac +2 or bac +3: * DUT biological engineering options biological and biochemical analyzes (ABB), environmental engineering, * BTSA water professions * BTS GEMEAU - water management and control * BTS and regional controls * BTSA Agricultural, Biological and Biotechnological Analyzes (ANABIOTEC) * DEUST analysis of biological media * Bachelor's degree in biology

The engineer in hydrobiology has a training level bac +5: * engineering school diploma: INA, ENSA, Polytech Montpellier sciences and water technologies * master's degree in environmental sciences or biology (training examples)

environmental management and coastal ecology (University of La Rochelle)

biology of organisms and populations (University of Burgundy)

continental and coastal environments sciences Environment, Soils, Waters and Biodiversity (University of Rouen)

operation and restoration of continental aquatic environments (University of Clermont Ferrand), etc.

== Field of research interests == The following are the research interests of Hydrobiologists:

* Acidification impact on lake and reservoir ecosystems<ref name=":3" /> * Ocean acidification<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Doney |first1=Scott C. |last2=Busch |first2=D. Shallin |last3=Cooley |first3=Sarah R. |last4=Kroeker |first4=Kristy J. |date=2020-10-17 |title=The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=83–112 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083019 |s2cid=225741986 |issn=1543-5938|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Paleolimnology of remote mountain lakes<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Moser |first1=Katrina A. |last2=Hundey |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Sia |first3=Maria E. |last4=Doyle |first4=Rebecca M. |last5=Dunne |first5=Holly |last6=Longstaffe |first6=Fred J. |date=2020-05-01 |title=Factors Leading to Increased Algal Production in Mountain Lakes: A Paleolimnological Perspective from the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA |journal=EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts |page=5995 |doi=10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5995|bibcode=2020EGUGA..22.5995M |s2cid=229149953 |doi-access=free }}</ref> * Molecular ecology, phylogeography and taxonomy of Cladocera<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Bekker |first1=Eugeniya I. |last2=Karabanov |first2=Dmitry P. |last3=Galimov |first3=Yan R. |last4=Haag |first4=Christoph R. |last5=Neretina |first5=Tatiana V. |last6=Kotov |first6=Alexey A. |date=2018-03-15 |title=Phylogeography of Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea: Cladocera) in Northern Eurasia: Evidence for a deep longitudinal split between mitochondrial lineages |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |article-number=e0194045 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0194045 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5854346 |pmid=29543844|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1394045B |doi-access=free }}</ref> * Chemical communication in plankton (prey-predator interaction)<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Shemi |first1=Adva |last2=Alcolombri |first2=Uria |last3=Schatz |first3=Daniella |last4=Farstey |first4=Viviana |last5=Vincent |first5=Flora |last6=Rotkopf |first6=Ron |last7=Ben-Dor |first7=Shifra |last8=Frada |first8=Miguel J. |last9=Tawfik |first9=Dan S. |last10=Vardi |first10=Assaf |date=November 2021 |title=Dimethyl sulfide mediates microbial predator–prey interactions between zooplankton and algae in the ocean |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-021-00971-3 |journal=Nature Microbiology |language=en |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=1357–1366 |doi=10.1038/s41564-021-00971-3 |pmid=34697459 |bibcode=2021NatMb...6.1357S |s2cid=239887075 |issn=2058-5276|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Biomanipulation of water reservoirs<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Jůza |first1=Tomáš |last2=Duras |first2=Jindřich |last3=Blabolil |first3=Petr |last4=Sajdlová |first4=Zuzana |last5=Hess |first5=Josef |last6=Chocholoušková |first6=Zdeňka |last7=Kubečka |first7=Jan |date=2019-10-01 |title=Recovery of the Velky Bolevecky pond (Plzen, Czech Republic) via biomanipulation – Key study for management |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857419302228 |journal=Ecological Engineering |language=en |volume=136 |pages=167–176 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.06.025 |bibcode=2019EcEng.136..167J |s2cid=198334918 |issn=0925-8574|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient cycles<ref name=":10">{{Citation |last1=Hecky |first1=R. E. |title=Phosphorus Pumps, Nitrogen Sinks, and Silicon Drains: Plumbing Nutrients in the African Great Lakes |date=1996 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/9780203748978-11/phosphorus-pumps-nitrogen-sinks-silicon-drains-plumbing-nutrients-african-great-lakes-hecky-bootsma-mugidde-bugenyi |work=The Limnology, Climatology and Paleoclimatology of the East African Lakes |publisher=Routledge |doi=10.1201/9780203748978-11 |isbn=978-0-203-74897-8 |access-date=2022-03-01 |last2=Bootsma |first2=H. A. |last3=Mugidde |first3=R. M. |last4=Bugenyi |first4=F. W. B.|s2cid=202197067 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Organizations == {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} *[http://aslo.org/ American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)] *[http://www.limnology.org/ International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology (SIL)] *[http://www.fisheries.org/afs/ American Fisheries Society] *[http://www.fba.org.uk/ Freshwater Biological Association, England] *[http://www.mbl.edu/ Marine Biological Laboratory (USA)] *[http://www.asfb.org.au/ Australian Society for Fish Biology] *[http://www.mi.mun.ca/ Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland] *[http://www.natur.cuni.cz/faculty-en/study/phd-studies/ph.d.-programmes/biology-hydrobiology Department of Hydrobiology (Charles University, Prague)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050204131337/http://www.tu-dresden.de/fghhihb/hybi_en.html Dresden University of Technology Institute of Hydrobiology] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051124213417/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/ihf/welcomeen.htm Institute of Hydrobiology and Fishery Science] *[http://www.vuv.cz/ Water Research Institute T.G.M.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/19990219115430/http://www.jcu.cz/~hbu/index.htm Hydrobiological Institute, Academy of Science of Czech Republic] *[https://web.archive.org/web/19990420134453/http://www.jcu.cz/~vurh/welcome_gb.html Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20001215101400/http://savba.savba.sk/sav/inst/uzae/hydrobio.htm Department of Hydrobiology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia] *[http://www.mpil-ploen.mpg.de/ Max-Planck-Institut fur Limnologie in Ploen, Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226005624/http://www.mpil-ploen.mpg.de/ |date=2008-12-26 }} *[http://www.iii.to.cnr.it/uk.htm CNR-Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051220013716/http://159.226.163.238/english/default.aspx Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences] *[http://www.hydrobiology.biz/ Hydrobiology Pty Ltd] Brisbane, Australia based private consulting company *[http://www.ut.ee/BGZH/engelsk/IZH.htm Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology] University of Tartu, Estonia *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190621071203/http://www.institutezoology.com/display_en.php?q=departments-hydrobiology Department of Hydrobiology] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706144204/http://portal.uni-sofia.bg/index.php/eng/faculties/faculty_of_biology2/structures/departments/general_and_applied_hydrobiology Department of General and Applied Hydrobiology] Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "Sveti Kliment Ohridski", Bulgaria {{div col end}}

== Journals == {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} *[http://www.schweizerbart.de/j/archiv-hydrobiologie/ Fundamental and Applied Limnology] *[http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/en/journals/alphabeticIndex/2246/ International Review of Hydrobiology] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20091027000923/http://geocities.com/indhydro/ Indian Hydrobiology] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080516174748/http://www.environmental-center.com/magazine/kluwer/hydr/ Hydrobiologia] *[http://www.ajol.info/journal_index.php?jid=4&ab=ajthf The African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries] *[http://www.reviewofhydrobiology.org/ Review of Hydrobiology] *[http://www.biolbull.org/ The Biological Bulletin] {{div col end}}

==Notable researchers== *Jacques Cousteau *Jane Lubchenco

== See also == {{Portal|Environment|Ecology|Earth sciences}} * Aquatic ecosystem * Aquatic toxicology * Freshwater biology * Marine biology * Marine life {{clear}}

== References == {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *E.P.H. Best (Editor), Jan P. Bakker (Editor) ''Netherlands-Wetlands'' (Developments in Hydrobiology series) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1993, 328 pp) {{ISBN|0-7923-2473-0}} *R.I. Jones (Editor), V. Ilmavirta (Editor) ''Flagellates in Freshwater Ecosystems'' (Developments in Hydrobiology series) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992, 498pp.) {{ISBN|90-6193-651-9}} *Jürgen Schwoerbel ''Methods of hydrobiology (freshwater biology)'' (Pergamon Press; [1st English ed.] edition, 1970, 200pp.) {{ISBN|0-08-006604-6}} *Hydrobiologist by Josée Lesparre © CIDJ - 09/2019

== External links == *[http://hydrobiology-bg.com Hydrobiology website] Website for Hydrobiology, Aquacultures, Ichthyology, Water purification and Biological Oceanology - Bulgaria. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140106094630/http://fishbiologycongress.org/ The International Congress on the Biology of Fish] *[http://www.larvalfishcon.org/ Annual Larval Fish Conference] *[http://www.neafwa.org/ Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference] *[https://web.archive.org/web/19991008064929/http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/Vines/4301/links.html The Waterrose Aquatic Ecology Page] *[http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-10027-69-33111959-0,00.html Developments in Hydrobiology-Springer Book Series] Prints proceedings for international conferences on Hydrobiology

Category:Aquatic biomes Category:Aquatic ecology Category:Branches of biology