{{Short description|Conical structure built by lava ejected through the crust of a lava flow}} {{for|the corregimiento in Panama|Hornito, Chiriquí}}
[[File:Chapelle Rosemont2.JPG|right|thumb|A hornito on the island of Réunion]] thumb|An example of a hornito on Hawaii that has built lava spatter deposits into a mound over its vent
A '''hornito''' is a conical, or pipe-like, structure built up by lava spattering or being ejected through an opening in the crust of a lava flow.<ref name="LARSON">{{cite journal |last=Larson |first=Charles V. |year=1993 |page=56 |title=An Illustrated Glossary of Lava Tube Features}}</ref> Hornitos are similar to spatter cones but are rootless, meaning they were once sources of lava, but those sources were not directly associated with true vents or magma sources.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_190|title=Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms|first=Károly|last=Németh|editor-first1=Henrik|editor-last1=Hargitai|editor-first2=Ákos|editor-last2=Kereszturi|date=December 7, 2015|publisher=Springer|pages=940–943|via=Springer Link|doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_190}}</ref> They are usually created by the slow upwelling of fluid lava through the roof of lava tubes, and are often associated with pahoehoe lavas of basaltic composition.<ref name="LARSON"/><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Observations on basaltic lava streams in tubes from Kilauea Volcano, island of Hawai'i|first1=Jim|last1=Kauahikaua|first2=Katharine V.|last2=Cashman|first3=Tari N.|last3=Mattox|first4=C. Christina|last4=Heliker|first5=Ken A.|last5=Hon|first6=Margaret T.|last6=Mangan|first7=Carl R.|last7=Thornber|date=November 10, 1998|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|volume=103|issue=B11|pages=27303–27323|doi=10.1029/97JB03576|bibcode=1998JGR...10327303K |doi-access=free}}</ref> High pressure causes lava to ooze and spatter out. The lava builds up on the surface and solidifies, creating the initial structure. Hornitos can exceed 10 meters in height.
Some classic examples of hornitos have been described, or depicted, from volcanoes including El Jorullo, Mexico, which was visited by Alexander von Humboldt in 1803; Kilauea Hawaii; and Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania.
The term ''hornito'' comes from the Spanish for 'little oven', a reference to the way that hornitos might appear to "smoke" when they are active. ==References== {{commons category|Hornitos}} {{reflist}}
==External links== *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKEPw4v1wHg Video of Hornito]
Category:Volcanic landforms