{{Short description|Family of squids}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Hooked squid | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Pliocene|recent|Pliocene - recent<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statoliths of Cenozoic teuthoid cephalopods from North America {{!}} The Palaeontological Association |url=https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/22/2/article_pp479-511 |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.palass.org}}</ref>}} | image = Onychoteuthis banksii2.jpg | image_caption = ''Onychoteuthis banksii'' | taxon = Onychoteuthidae | authority = Gray, 1849<ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author= Philippe Bouchet |year= 2018|title=Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 |id=11742 |accessdate=13 March 2018|db=MolluscaBase}}</ref> | type_genus = ''Onychoteuthis'' | type_genus_authority = Lichtenstein, 1818 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Ancistroteuthis''<br> ''Onychoteuthis''<br> ''Onykia''<br> ''Filippovia''<br> ''Moroteuthopsis''<br> ''Notonykia''<br> ''Walvisteuthis'' | synonyms = Walvisteuthidae <small>Nesis & Nikitina, 1986</small> }}
The '''hooked squid''', family '''Onychoteuthidae''', currently comprise about 20–25 species (several known from only single life stages and thus unconfirmed), in six or seven genera. They range in mature mantle length from {{convert|7|cm|abbr=on}} to a suggested length of {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}} for the largest member, ''Onykia robusta''. The family is characterised by the presence of hooks only on the tentacular clubs, a simple, straight, funnel–mantle locking apparatus, and a 'step' inside the jaw angle of the lower beak. With the exception of the Arctic Ocean, the family is found worldwide.
==Species== [[File:Fish4071 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|thumb|Reaching a mantle length of 2 m, ''Onykia robusta'' is the largest onychoteuthid and one of the largest of all squid.]] [[File:Onykia sp. A.jpg|thumb|A nearly mature female of the undescribed species ''Onykia'' sp. A (27.2 cm ML), taken from the stomach of a swordfish]] *Genus ''Onychoteuthis'' <small>Lichtenstein, 1818</small> **''Onychoteuthis banksii'' <small>(Leach, 1817)</small> – common clubhook squid **''Onychoteuthis bergii''* <small>Lichtenstein, 1818</small> **''Onychoteuthis mollis''* <small>Appelloef, 1891</small> **''Onychoteuthis compacta'' <small>Berry, 1913</small> **''Onychoteuthis borealijaponica'' <small>Okada, 1927</small> – boreal clubhook squid **''Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica'' <small>Rancurel & Okutani, 1990</small> **''Onychoteuthis lacrima'' <small>Bolstad & Seki ''in'' Bolstad, 2008</small> **''Onychoteuthis prolata'' <small>Bolstad, Vecchione & Young ''in'' Bolstad, 2008</small> **''Onychoteuthis horstkottei'' <small>Bolstad, 2010</small> *Genus ''Onykia'' <small>Lesueur, 1821 </small> (includes most species previously placed in ''Moroteuthis'') **Subgenus ''Onykia'' ***''Onykia carriboea'' <small>Lesueur, 1821</small> – tropical clubhook squid ***''Onykia robusta'' <small>(Verrill, 1876)</small> – robust clubhook squid ***''Onykia loennbergii'' <small>(Ishikawa & Wakiya, 1914)</small> – Japanese hooked squid ***''Onykia aequatorialis''* <small>Thiele, 1920</small> ***''Onykia robsoni'' <small>(Adam, 1962)</small> – rugose hooked squid ***''Onykia indica''* <small>Okutani, 1981</small> **''incertae sedis'' ***?''Onykia appelloefi''* <small>Pfeffer, 1900</small> *Genus ''Ancistroteuthis'' <small>Gray, 1849</small> **''Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii'' <small>(Ferussac, 1835)</small> – angel clubhook squid or angel squid *Genus ''Moroteuthopsis'' <small>Pfeffer, 1908</small> **''Moroteuthopsis ingens'' <small>(Smith, 1881)</small> – greater hooked squid **''Moroteuthopsis longimana'' <small>Filippova, 1972</small> *Genus ''Notonykia'' <small>Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998</small> **''Notonykia africanae'' <small>Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998</small> **''Notonykia nesisi'' <small>Bolstad, 2007</small> *Genus ''Filippovia'' <small>Bolstad, 2010</small> **''Filippovia knipovitchi'' <small>(Filippova, 1972)</small> – smooth hooked squid *Genus ''Walvisteuthis'' <small>Nesis & Nikitina, 1986</small> **''Walvisteuthis jeremiahi'' <small>Vecchione, Sosnowski & Young, 2015</small> **''Walvisteuthis rancureli'' <small>(Okutani, 1981)</small> **''Walvisteuthis virilis'' <small>Nesis & Nikitina, 1986</small> **''Walvisteuthis youngorum'' <small>(Bolstad, 2010)</small>
(*) indicates taxa requiring further taxonomic investigation
==References== {{Reflist}} *Bolstad, K.S.R. 2008. [http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/414 Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014111617/http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/414 |date=2008-10-14 }}. Doctoral thesis. *Bolstad, K.S.R. 2010. Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). ''Zootaxa'' '''2696''': 1–186. [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02696p186f.pdf Preview]
==External links== * [http://tolweb.org/Onychoteuthidae/19419 Tree of Life: Onychoteuthidae] {{CephBase Family|Onychoteuthidae}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061111152219/http://www.tonmo.com/forums/forumdisplay.php?f=55 Onychoteuthidae discussion forum at TONMO.com] *Laptikhovsky, V.; Arkhipkin, A.; Bolstad, K.S. 2008. [https://archive.today/20130203050324/http://www.springerlink.com/content/64748q7u535uj823/?p=b8566c5fc7d6481fbe6af1be04b67f6d&pi=0 A second species of the squid genus ''Kondakovia'' (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic.]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3202623}} Category:Hooked squid Category:Oegopsida Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray