Hoodie

[[File:Marvin Jones 2019 (cropped).jpg|alt=|thumb|American football player Marvin Jones wearing a hoodie]] A '''hoodie''' is a type of jacket or sweatshirt<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite OED|hoodie|8926623629}}</ref> with a hood that, when worn up, covers most of the head and neck, and sometimes the face.

Pullover-style hoodies often include a single large kangaroo pocket or muff on the lower front, while hoodies with zippers usually include two pockets, one on either side of the zipper, in the same location. Both styles typically include a drawstring to adjust the hood opening. Hoodies may be worn for aesthetic purposes, or protection against the weather, such as cold, wind, and rain.

== Terminology == The word ''hood'' derives from the Anglo-Saxon word ''hōd'',<ref name="Cyclopaedia">{{cite book |last=Planché |first=James Robinson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGMYAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA291 |title=A Cyclopaedia of Costume Or Dictionary of Dress, Including Notices of Contemporaneous Fashions on the Continent |publisher=Chatto and Windus |year=1876 |volume=1 |place=London |page=291 |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729132307/https://books.google.com/books?id=jGMYAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA291 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> ultimately of the same root as an English ''hat''.<ref>Article [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hood&allowed_in_frame=0 "hood"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816062658/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hood&allowed_in_frame=0|date=16 August 2017}}, in ''Online Etymology Dictionary''.</ref>

Hoodie, sometimes spelled '''hoody''',<ref name="Oxford" /> is an abbreviation of '''hooded sweatshirt'''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=GROSSMAN |first1=AVIDAN |title=The Best Hoodies to Wear Whenever and Wherever You Want |url=https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/g3357/best-hoodies-men/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609105954/https://www.esquire.com/style/mens-fashion/g3357/best-hoodies-men/ |archive-date=9 June 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |website=Esquire}}</ref> The name 'hoodie' entered popular usage in the 1990s.<ref name="Oxford" />

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term is also colloquially used in British and Irish English to describe a hooligan or thug.<ref name="Oxford" />

A study done in 2023 and published in a journal called ''The English Languages: History, Diaspora, Culture'' found that Canadian respondents preferred the term "hoodie" by a wide margin. However, those with ties to Saskatchewan may prefer the regional term "bunnyhug," while those with ties to Western Canada, especially older individuals, may use "kangaroo jacket." They found no relation between gender and term use; they found that younger people were more likely to give a variety of terms and hypothesized that they may have been trying to fit in.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deprez |first=Sophia |last2=Williams |first2=Tiffany |date=2023 |title=Bunnyhugs and Kangaroos: Hooded Sweatshirt Variants and Developing a Methodology for the Unknown |url=https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/elhdc/issue/view/2799 |journal=The English Languages: History, Diaspora, Culture |volume=9 |pages=64-78}}</ref>

==History== thumb|upright=0.5|This 19th-century book illustration copies a 12th-century English image of a man wearing a hooded tunic. The garment's style and form can be traced back to Medieval Europe when the preferred clothing for Catholic monks included a hood called a cowl attached to a tunic or robes,<ref name="yusuf">{{Cite news |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article1084338.ece |title=The hoody grows up |access-date=28 June 2007 |author=Yusuf, Nilgin |date=12 August 2006 |work=Times Online |location=London |archive-date=11 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511062654/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/fashion/article1084338.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a chaperon or hooded cape was very commonly worn by any outdoors worker.{{cn|date=December 2024}} Its appearance was known in England as early as the 12th century, possibly an import with the Norman conquest of England, as the ''capa'' was "a short hooded cloak which was common in Normandy."<ref name="Cyclopaedia"/>

upright|thumb|A person wearing a pullover hoodie The hooded pullover is a utilitarian garment that originated in the 1930s in the US for workers in cold New York warehouses.<ref name=TampaTribune20120324/> The earliest clothing style was first produced by Champion in the 1930s in Rochester and marketed to laborers working in freezing temperatures in upstate New York.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/23/opinion/23wilson.html |title=A Look Under the Hoodie |author=Wilson, Denis |date=23 December 2006 |work=The New York Times |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124040051/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/23/opinion/23wilson.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The hoodie became popular in the 1970s, with several factors contributing to its success. Hip hop culture developed in New York City around this time and high fashion also took off during this era, as Norma Kamali and other high-profile designers embraced and glamorized the new clothing.<ref name="yusuf" /> The hoodie also gained in popularity through athletic culture, especially following its prominent appearance in the 1976 film ''Rocky''.<ref name="l915">{{cite web | last=Katz | first=Brigit | title=Unraveling the Tangled History of the Hoodie | website=Smithsonian Magazine | date=December 4, 2019 | url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/exhibition-spotlights-tangled-history-hoodie-180973689/ | access-date=April 8, 2025}}</ref>

By the 1990s, the hoodie had evolved into a symbol of isolation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flock |first=Elizabeth |date=22 March 2012 |title=Trayvon Martin ‘Million Hoodie March’: A short history of the hoodie |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/trayvon-martin-million-hoodie-march-a-short-history-of-the-hoodie/2012/03/22/gIQAeGCnTS_blog.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614021929/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/trayvon-martin-million-hoodie-march-a-short-history-of-the-hoodie/2012/03/22/gIQAeGCnTS_blog.html |archive-date=14 June 2019 |access-date=20 February 2026 |website=The Washington Post |language=en-US}}</ref> The association with ravers in the UK developed around this time, as their popularity rose with that specific demographic.{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} Young men, often skateboarders or surfers, sported the hoodie and spread the trend across the western part of the United States, most significantly in California.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}} Tommy Hilfiger, Giorgio Armani, and Ralph Lauren, for example, used the hoodie as the primary component for many of their collections in the 1990s.<ref name="yusuf" /><ref name="nyt" />

== Subcultures ==

=== Hackers === In the early 21st century, the image of hackers became associated with hoodies.<ref name="cnn-why-do-hackers-always-wear-hoodies">{{Cite news |last=Larson |first=Selena |date=2017-05-26 |title=Why do hackers always wear hoodies? Behind the stereotype |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/05/26/technology/hacker-hoodie-stereotype-hacking/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526155826/https://money.cnn.com/2017/05/26/technology/hacker-hoodie-stereotype-hacking/index.html |archive-date=2017-05-26 |access-date=2024-12-20}}</ref><ref name="ringer-what-does-a-hacker-look-like">{{Cite web |last=Donsky |first=Sam |date=2016-07-20 |title=What Does a Hacker Look Like? |url=https://www.theringer.com/2016/7/20/16046764/what-does-a-hacker-look-like-ac7aade1169d |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Ringer}}</ref> Elliot Alderson, the protagonist of ''Mr. Robot'', is a vigilante hacker who constantly wears a black hoodie.<ref name="ringer-what-does-a-hacker-look-like" />

== By country ==

=== Australia === In June 2011, police in Wynnum, Brisbane, Australia launched a "Hoodie Free Zone" initiative, with shopkeepers encouraged to ask hoodie-wearers to leave. The zone was part of an initiative to educate businesses on how to avoid armed robberies, in which the hoodie type of clothing was reportedly often worn.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 June 2011 |title=Hood-free zones in Brisbane west |url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/hood-free-zones-in-brisbane-west/story-e6frfku0-1226083718148 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701165231/http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/hood-free-zones-in-brisbane-west/story-e6frfku0-1226083718148 |archive-date=1 July 2011 |agency=AAP}}</ref>

=== Canada === Across Canada, hoodies are a popular clothing item. They are sometimes worn under a coat or jacket to provide an extra layer of clothing during the winter. In Saskatchewan, only the zipperless, pullover version of the garment is referred to as the noun "Bunny Hug."{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}

=== New Zealand === The "Hoodies on Parliament—politicians challenge youth stereotypes" campaign was launched in May 2008 in New Zealand (NZ) as part of the annual national Youth Week event, a pro-youth initiative organized to challenge youth stereotypes. To launch the campaign, NZ politicians, including National MP Nicky Wagner, Green Party MPs Sue Bradford, Nandor Tanczos and Metiria Turei, and Maori party MP Hone Harawira, wore hoodies while standing on the steps of the country's parliament. Archbishop David Moxon, Archbishop of the Anglican Dioceses, and Brian Turner President of the Methodist Church of NZ also participated in the campaign.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hoodies on Parliament challenging youth stereotype|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU0805/S00305.htm|access-date=7 December 2014|work=Scoop|date=29 May 2008|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106130927/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU0805/S00305.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Support and criticism were raised by politicians, who were divided over the 2008 event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Politicians support Hoodie Day|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/content/1806287/2591754.xhtml|website=TVNZ|publisher=TVNZ.co.nz|access-date=7 December 2014|date=30 May 2008|archive-date=10 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210135936/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/content/1806287/2591754.xhtml|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="NZ_Herald_10512586">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10512586 |title=Youth Week Hoodie Day criticised |author=Tait, Maggie |date=26 May 2008 |agency=NZPA |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |access-date=3 October 2011}}</ref> One strong response was drawn from a local government council member, Dale Evans, who donned a Ku Klux Klan outfit in protest, citing the hoodie as "not an appropriate article of clothing to celebrate."<ref name="NZ_Herald_10513425">{{cite web |date=30 May 2008 |title=Councillor stuns board with Ku Klux Klan outfit |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10513425 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108042203/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10513425 |archive-date=8 November 2012 |access-date=3 October 2011 |work=The New Zealand Herald}}</ref>

"Goodie in a Hoodie" day was then run in 2009 by New Zealand Aotearoa Adolescent Health & Development (NZAAHD) in partnership with Age Concern—the organisations used the campaign to highlight the stereotypes that both young people and the elderly face in New Zealand. Liz Baxendine, president of Age Concern at the time, said to the media:

<blockquote> Older people and young people have a lot in common. We both face stereotypes based on our age rather than our real achievements and outlook on life ... we've got to destigmatise the hoodie and see it for what it is. Everyone wears them. We need to take the hoodie back!<ref>{{cite news|first1=Kathryn|last1=King|title=Oldies but hoodies|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=10985317|access-date=7 December 2014|work=Wanganui Chronicle|date=12 August 2009|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106133425/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503426&objectid=10985317|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

=== United Kingdom === thumb|"No hoodies" sign outside a pub in South London, 2006 [[File:2008 Butterfly Hoodie by Damien Hirst for Adrian Nyman 01.jpg|alt=|thumb|Butterfly Hoodie by Damien Hirst for Adrian Nyman (2008)]]

In the UK, hoodies have been the subject of much criticism; some shoplifters have used the hood to conceal their identities from CCTV cameras in shopping centres.<ref name="guardian 2005" /> The hoodie became a popular clothing item by the 1990s. By the 21st century, it had gained a negative image, being associated with anti-social behaviour. It became one of the later items associated with "chavs", or Neds.

Angela McRobbie, professor of communications at Goldsmiths College in the UK, says the appeal of the hoodie is its promise of anonymity, mystery and anxiety. "The point of origin is obviously black American hip-hop culture, now thoroughly mainstream and a key part of the global economy. Leisure and sportswear adopted for everyday wear suggests a distance from the world of office suit or school uniform. Rap culture celebrates defiance, as it narrates the experience of social exclusion. Musically and stylistically, it projects menace and danger as well as anger and rage. The hooded top is one in a long line of garments chosen by young people, usually boys, to which are ascribed meanings suggesting that they are 'up to no good'. In the past, such appropriation was usually restricted to membership of specific youth cultures—leather jackets, bondage trousers—but nowadays it is the norm among young people to flag up their music and cultural preferences in this way, hence the adoption of the hoodie by boys across the boundaries of age, ethnicity and class."<ref name="guardian 2005">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,1482816,00.html|title=In the hood|work=The Guardian|date=13 May 2005|first=Gareth|last=McLean|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=18 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418055028/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/may/13/fashion.fashionandstyle|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2005, Bluewater shopping centre in Kent caused outrage by launching a code of conduct which bans its shoppers from sporting hoodies or baseball caps, although the garments remain on sale. John Prescott welcomed the move, stating that he was threatened by the presence of teenagers wearing hoodies at a motorway service station.<ref name="guardian 2005" /> Then–Prime Minister Tony Blair openly supported this stance and vowed to clamp down on the anti-social behaviour with which hoodie-wearers are sometimes associated. London-based rapper Lady Sovereign published a single titled "Hoodie" in protest as part of a "Save the Hoodie" campaign.<ref>Dan Hancox. [http://www.newstatesman.com/200510310009 "Observations on style"] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607012735/http://www.newstatesman.com/200510310009 |date=7 June 2011 }}). ''New Statesman'', 31 October 2005</ref>

In 2005, Coombeshead College in the south-west of England allowed the hoodie to become part of the boys' school uniform, but the hood could be put up only when it rained. The principal, Richard Haigh, stated that the move would help to calm some of what he called the "hysteria" surrounding the garment.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/4562737.stm|title=School adopts 'hoodie' as uniform |publisher=BBC News |date=19 May 2005|access-date=18 March 2006|archive-date=11 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164932/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/devon/4562737.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2006, a 58-year-old teacher who was wearing a hooded top was asked to remove it when entering a Tesco store in Swindon. According to the teacher, she was wearing the hood because "my hair's a mess". The store did not have a hoodie policy. The shop apologized and said it was taking action to "make sure this doesn't happen again."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/wiltshire/4735154.stm|title=Shop regrets 'hoodie' humiliation|publisher=BBC News |date=21 February 2006|access-date=22 February 2006|archive-date=14 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214032121/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/4735154.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2006, David Cameron, leader of the Conservative Party, made a speech suggesting that the hoodie was worn more for defensive than offensive purposes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5166498.stm|title=Cameron 'hoodie' speech in full|publisher=BBC News |date=10 July 2006|access-date=16 March 2007|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106131043/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5166498.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> The speech was referred to as "hug a hoodie" by the Labour Party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/5163798.stm|title=Cameron defends 'hoodie' speech|publisher=BBC News |date=10 July 2006|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=7 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107010358/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5163798.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/6983288.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Girl, 4, asked to remove 'hoodie' | date=7 September 2007 | access-date=9 September 2007 | archive-date=17 October 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017022751/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/6983288.stm | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2019, the British fashion label Burberry had to apologize for an inappropriate hoodie. In its runway show, the fashion label featured a piece of cloth with a "noose" around the neck, which caused a backlash on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.championhoodie.com/blog/hoodie-phenomenon/|title=The Hoodie Phenomenon|publisher=Champion|date=19 August 2019|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185505/https://www.championhoodie.com/blog/hoodie-phenomenon/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://people.com/style/burberry-apologizes-model-wears-hoodie-noose-neck-runway|title=Burberry Apologizes After Sending Model Down Runway in a Hoodie with a Noose Around the Neck|work=People|date=19 February 2019|access-date=5 December 2019|archive-date=5 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185805/https://people.com/style/burberry-apologizes-model-wears-hoodie-noose-neck-runway/|url-status=live|last=Goldstein|first=Joelle}}</ref>

A March 2020 article in the ''Belfast Telegraph'' argued that hoodies were not as associated with the working class as in previous years, noting that Kate Middleton had appeared in a hoodie.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wade|first=Prudence|access-date=28 October 2022|date=5 March 2020|title=Unravelling the tangled history of the hoodie |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/fashion-beauty/unravelling-the-tangled-history-of-the-hoodie-39015260.html |work=Belfast Telegraph}}</ref>

=== United States === alt=|thumb|Souvenir Hoodies in Washington, D.C. Hoodies have become a mainstream fashion in the U.S., transcending the clothing item's original utilitarian purpose,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2010 |title=Hoodies Hailed As Defining Fashion Trend |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/28/hoodies-hailed-as-definin_n_440535.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018210246/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/28/hoodies-hailed-as-definin_n_440535.html |archive-date=18 October 2016 |access-date=28 December 2010 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref> similar to jeans. This clothing item has found its way into a variety of styles, even so far as to be worn under a suit jacket.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brewer |first=Bryan |date=2024-06-30 |title=The Blazer with a Hoodie? Yep, It's Legitimately a Thing Now |url=https://deoveritas.com/blog/blazer-with-hoodie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111223706/https://www.deoveritas.com/blog/blazer-with-hoodie/ |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=DeoVeritas |language=en-US}}</ref> Hoodies with zippers are generally referred to as zip-up hoodies,<ref name="Esquire2021">{{cite magazine |last=Grossman |first=Avidan |title=The Best Zip-Up Hoodies Are So Much Cooler Than You Remember |url=https://www.esquire.com/style/g3534/best-zip-up-hoodies-sweatshirts-men/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=3 Feb 2021 |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203193821/https://www.esquire.com/style/g3534/best-zip-up-hoodies-sweatshirts-men/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="RollingStone2020">{{cite magazine |title=The Best Zip-Up Hoodies for Men |magazine=Rolling Stone |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/lifestyle/best-hoodies-zip-up-998595/ |date=12 May 2020 |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=5 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305081856/https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/lifestyle/best-hoodies-zip-up-998595/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BunnyEars2020">{{cite web |last=Roth |first=Nick |title=Hoodies: Zip-Ups vs. Pull-Overs (A Definitive Guide For Garbage People) |url=https://bunnyears.com/zip-up-hoodies-vs-pull-over-hoodie-nick-roth/ |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617044058/https://bunnyears.com/zip-up-hoodies-vs-pull-over-hoodie-nick-roth/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while a hoodie without a zipper may be described as a pullover hoodie.<ref name="GearPatrol2021">{{cite web |title=The 20 Best Hoodies for Men |url=https://www.gearpatrol.com/style/a433523/best-hoodies-men/ |website=Gear Patrol |date=2 Feb 2021 |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412213411/https://www.gearpatrol.com/style/a433523/best-hoodies-men/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the U.S., it is common for teenagers and young adults to wear sweatshirts—with or without hoods—that display their respective school names or mascots across the chest, either as part of a uniform or personal preference.<ref>Geographies Of Indigenous-Based Team Name And Mascot Use In American Secondary Schools [http://www.indianmascots.com/zeitler-web-_geographies_of.pdf ''PDF''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801210153/http://www.indianmascots.com/zeitler-web-_geographies_of.pdf |date=1 August 2020 }}, pp. 2–3</ref>

{{multiple image |border = thumb |perrow = 1/2/2 |image1 = March on Crystal City, black bloc near World Bank.jpg |alt1 = |image2 = Welcome to Hell @ Hamburg G20.jpg |alt2 = |footer = Black bloc in the US and Germany using hoodies }} The hooded sweatshirt is a utilitarian garment that originated in the 1930s for workers in cold New York warehouses and thus have been around for over 90 years.<ref name="TampaTribune20120324">{{cite web|url=http://tbo.com/news/hoodie-becomes-symbol-of-injustice-384502 |title=Hoodie becomes symbol of injustice |last=Koehn |first=Donna |date=24 March 2012 |website=The Tampa Tribune |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429184604/http://tbo.com/news/hoodie-becomes-symbol-of-injustice-384502 |archive-date=29 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the 1970s and 1980s, hoodies were adopted by hip hop culture as a symbol of what one reporter termed "cool anonymity and vague menace".<ref name=TampaTribune20120324/> When the garment was depicted in FBI composite drawings of Unabomber Ted Kaczynski, the hoodie became linked to "seedy threatening criminality", thereby further asserting its non-mainstream symbolism.<ref name=TampaTribune20120324/>

In 2012, Trayvon Martin was shot by George Zimmerman while wearing a hoodie. Protests over the shooting death involved hoodies.<ref name=TampaTribune20120324/><ref name="CSMonitor20130706">{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2013/0706/George-Zimmerman-prosecution-leaves-jury-to-untangle-lies-and-justification |title=George Zimmerman prosecution leaves jury to untangle lies and justification |last=Jonsson |first=Patrik |date=6 July 2013 |website=The Christian Science Monitor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708094009/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2013/0706/George-Zimmerman-prosecution-leaves-jury-to-untangle-lies-and-justification |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fox News host Geraldo Rivera encouraged young black people to stop wearing hoodies<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yyqkcc-a8U "Geraldo Rivera: 'Leave the Hoodie At Home'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215221824/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yyqkcc-a8U |date=15 February 2018 }}. Fox News Channel via Talking Points Memo (23 March 2012)</ref> though he later apologized for his comments.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2012/03/geraldo-sorry-for-hoodie-comment-074529 Geraldo Rivera apologizes for 'hoodie' comment] ''Politico'' (27 March 2012). Retrieved on 03-28-12.</ref> Zimmerman's defense team offered what was called "the hoodie defense". They argued that it was reasonable for Zimmerman to regard Martin's hoodie as a threat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/03/24/149245834/tragedy-gives-the-hoodie-a-whole-new-meaning|title=Tragedy Gives The Hoodie A Whole New Meaning|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2020-02-09|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301011852/https://www.npr.org/2012/03/24/149245834/tragedy-gives-the-hoodie-a-whole-new-meaning|url-status=live|date=24 March 2012|last=Weeks|first=Linton}}</ref> According to Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, author of ''Race and Racism'', the garment became emblematic of the Black Lives Matter movement following Zimmerman's trial.<ref>{{cite book | title = Race and Racism: An Introduction, 2nd edition | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2018 | isbn = 9781442274600 | last = Fluehr-Lobban | first = Carolyn | page = 240 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WYtSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 | access-date = 20 March 2021 | archive-date = 18 April 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220418055027/https://books.google.com/books?id=WYtSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 | url-status = live }}</ref> ''Dress Codes'' author, law Professor Richard Thompson Ford, said that "As the hoodie became associated with 'Black hoodlums' in the media, some Black people avoided them and others embraced them: the public image of the hoodie made it into a statement of racial pride and defiance, solidarity with a community, an emblem of belonging, and all of that reinforced the negative associations for those who were inclined to be afraid of assertive Black people."<ref name=Guardian_20210227>{{cite news |last1=Elan |first1=Priya |title=Nine years after Trayvon Martin's killing, hoodies still spark debate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/feb/27/trayvon-martin-hoodies-black-young-people |work=The Guardian |date=February 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227143406/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/feb/27/trayvon-martin-hoodies-black-young-people |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg often wears a plain grey zip-up hoodie rather than a business suit, drawing comments during his company's 2012 initial public offering.<ref name="Forbes20120515">{{cite web|last=Taulli|first=Tom|title=Mark Zuckerberg: The Power of the Hoodie|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomtaulli/2012/05/15/mark-zuckerberg-the-power-of-the-hoodie/ |website=Forbes|date=15 May 2012 |access-date=3 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518022046/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomtaulli/2012/05/15/mark-zuckerberg-the-power-of-the-hoodie/ |archive-date=18 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="WashingtonPost20120510">{{cite news|last=McGregor|first=Jena|title=The art of Mark Zuckerberg's hoodie|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-leadership/post/the-art-of-mark-zuckerbergs-hoodie/2012/05/09/gIQAhBCnDU_blog.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=10 May 2012|access-date=19 March 2021|archive-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115084408/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-leadership/post/the-art-of-mark-zuckerbergs-hoodie/2012/05/09/gIQAhBCnDU_blog.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, Oklahoma state representative Don Barrington proposed a bill to criminalize wearing a "robe, mask or other disguise" in public that would "intentionally conceal the wearer's identity", a bill which was criticized as an attempt to criminalize the wearing of the hoodie.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma lawmakers considering ban on wearing hoodies in public|date=8 January 2015|work=ABA Journal online|url=http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/oklahoma_lawmakers_considering_ban_on_wearing_hoodies_in_public|access-date=13 January 2015|archive-date=30 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145515/http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/oklahoma_lawmakers_considering_ban_on_wearing_hoodies_in_public|url-status=live|last=Hansen|first=Mark}}</ref>

==See also== {{Portal|Fashion}} * Baja jacket * Cardigan (sweater) * Goggle jacket * Parka * K-Way

==References== {{Reflist|2|refs= }} {{commons category|Hoodies}}

Category:Tops (clothing) Category:Hip-hop fashion Category:20th-century fashion Category:21st-century fashion