{{Short description|Compound eye type found on triobites}} [[File:Trilobites Holochroal Eye.JPG|thumb|right|The holochroal eye of ''Paralejurus'' sp.]] '''Holochroal''' eyes are compound eyes with many tiny lenses (sometimes more than 15,000, each 30-100μm, rarely larger).<ref name=Clarkson79 >{{Citation | last1 = Clarkson | first1 = E. N. K. | year=1979 | title =The Visual System of Trilobites.| journal =Palaeontology |volume= 22 |pages=1–22}}</ref> They are the oldest and most common type of trilobite eye,<ref name=Schoenemann2007>{{citation | author = Schoenemann, B. | title = Trilobite Eyes and a New Type of Neural Superposition Eye in an Ancient System |date=October 2007 | journal = Palaeontographica Abteilung A | volume = 281 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 63–91 | publisher = Verlag | doi = 10.1127/pala/281/2007/63 | bibcode = 2007PalAA.281...63S }}</ref> and found in all orders of trilobite from the Cambrian to the Permian periods. Lenses (composed of calcite) covered a curved, kidney-shaped visual surface in a hexagonal close packing system, with a single corneal membrane covering all lenses.<ref name=Clarkson97>{{Citation | last = Clarkson | first = E.N. | contribution = The Eye, Morphology, Function and Evolution | editor-last = Kaesler | editor-first = R.L. | title = Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita, revised. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida | pages = [https://archive.org/details/treatiseoninvert0002unse/page/114 114–132] | publisher = The Geological Society of America, Inc. & The University of Kansas | place = Boulder, CO & Lawrence, KS | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-8137-3115-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/treatiseoninvert0002unse/page/114 }}</ref> Unlike in schizochroal eyes, adjacent lenses were in direct contact with one another.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Clarkson|first1=Euan|last2=Levi-Setti|first2=Riccardo|last3=Horváth|first3=Gabor|year=2006|title=The eyes of trilobites: The oldest preserved visual system|journal=Arthropod Structure & Development|volume=35|issue=4|pages=247–259|doi=10.1016/j.asd.2006.08.002|pmid=18089074}}</ref> Lens shape generally depended on cuticle thickness. The lenses of trilobites with thin cuticles were thin and biconvex, whereas those with thick cuticles had thick lenses, which in extreme cases, could be thick columns with the outer surface flattened and the inner surface hemispherical.<ref name=":0" /> Regardless of lens thickness, however, the point at which light was focused was roughly the same distance below the lens.<ref name=":0" />
==References== {{reflist}}
{{vision in animals}}
Category:Eye Category:Animal anatomy
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