{{Short description|Heat-resistant high explosive}} {{chembox | verifiedrevid = 444343776 | ImageFile = Hexanitrostilbene.svg | ImageSize = 200px | PIN = 1,1′-[(''E'')-Ethane-1,2-diyl]bis(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) | OtherNames = 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ethylene; hexanitrodiphenylethylene, HNS |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 10760172 | InChI = 1/C14H6N6O12/c21-15(22)9-5-3-7(11(17(25)26)13(9)19(29)30)1-2-8-4-6-10(16(23)24)14(20(31)32)12(8)18(27)28/h1-6H/b2-1+ | InChIKey = LQXXGLZCVKSCEV-OWOJBTEDBF | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C14H6N6O12/c21-15(22)9-5-3-7(11(17(25)26)13(9)19(29)30)1-2-8-4-6-10(16(23)24)14(20(31)32)12(8)18(27)28/h1-6H/b2-1+ | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = LQXXGLZCVKSCEV-OWOJBTEDSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CASNo = 20062-22-0 | PubChem = 253628 | UNNumber = 0392<br/>''TNT mixtures:'' 0388, 0389 | SMILES = O=N(=O)C1=CC(N(=O)=O)=C(/C=C/C2=C(N(=O)=O)C=C(N(=O)=O)C=C2N(=O)=O)C(N(=O)=O)=C1 }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula = C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub>O<sub>12</sub> | MolarMass = 450.23 g/mol | Appearance = Yellow crystalline powder | Density = 1.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | MeltingPtC = 316 | BoilingPt = | Solubility = }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} |Section6={{Chembox Explosive | ShockSens = Low | FrictionSens = Low | DetonationV = 7000 m/s | REFactor = }} }}
'''Hexanitrostilbene''' (HNS), also called '''JD-X''', is an organic compound with the formula [(O<sub>2</sub>N)<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>CH]<sub>2</sub>. It is a yellow-orange solid.<ref name=Ull>Jacques Boileau, Claude Fauquignon, Bernard Hueber and Hans H. Meyer "Explosives" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2009, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a10_143.pub2}}</ref> It is used as a heat-resistant high explosive. It is slightly soluble (0.1 - 5 g/100 mL) in butyrolactone, DMF, DMSO, and ''N''-methylpyrrolidone.
==Production and use== It is produced by oxidizing trinitrotoluene (TNT) with chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite). HNS boasts a higher insensitivity to heat than TNT, and like TNT it is insensitive to impact. When casting TNT, HNS is added at 0.5% to form erratic micro-crystals within the TNT, which prevent cracking.<ref name=Ull/> Because of its insensitivity but high explosive properties, HNS is used in space missions. It was the main explosive fill in the seismic source generating mortar ammunition canisters used as part of the Apollo Lunar Active Seismic Experiments.<ref>[http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/documents/NASA%20RP-1036.pdf NASA reference publication]</ref>
Its heat of detonation is 4 kJ/g.<ref>[http://publications.drdo.gov.in/gsdl/collect/defences/index/assoc/HASH0181/6881f845.dir/doc.pdf Hexanitrostilbene and Its Properties]{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
It was developed by the chemist Kathryn Grove Shipp at the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory in the 1960s and has been improved on since then.<ref>Peter Golding, Asoka M. Jayaweera-Bandara, Henry Duffin, "Production of HNS" Patent 5023386. Filed: January 4, 1990.</ref>
==See also==
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Explosive chemicals Category:Nitrobenzene derivatives Category:Stilbenoids