{{Short description|Chinese unit of length}}
The '''Hao''' ({{lang-zh|t=毫|s=毫 |p=háo}}) in Mandarin, or ''hou'' in Cantonese, is a traditional Chinese unit of length. One ''hao'' equals 1/10 of a ''li'', 1/10000 of a ''chi'', or 33+1⁄3 μm.<ref name=LI2020>{{Cite book |last=Language Institute |first=Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |title=新华字典 （附录：计量单位简表）(Xinhua Dictionary, Appendix: Brief table of measurement units) |publisher=The Commercial Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-7-100-17093-2 |edition=12th |location=Beijing |page=696 |language=Chinese}}</ref><ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/毫</ref>
==Chinese length units promulgated in 1915== page=85|thumb|Chinese measurement law in 1915 {|class="wikitable" |+ Table of Chinese length units promulgated in 1915<ref name="ROC1915">{{citation |contribution-url=http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/eng/detail.jsp?sysid=D1500002 |contribution=權度法 [''Quándù Fǎ''] |title=''政府公報 [''Zhèngfǔ Gōngbào'', ''Government Gazette'']'' |location=Beijing |volume=957 |publisher=Office of the President |date=7 January 1915 |pages=85–94 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. {{in lang|zh}}</ref> !Pinyin !Character !Relative value !Metric value !Imperial value !Notes |- |align=center|''háo '' |align=right|{{lang|zh|'''毫'''}} |align=right|'''{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}''' |align=right|'''32 μm''' |align=right|'''{{val|0.00126|u=in}}''' |align=right| |- |align=center|''lí'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|釐}} (T) or {{lang|zh|厘}} (S) |align=right|{{frac|1000}} |align=right|0.32 mm |align=right|0.0126 in |align=right| |- |align=center|''fēn'' |align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|分}} |align=right|{{frac|100}} |align=right|3.2 mm |align=right|0.126 in |align=right| |- |align=center|''cùn'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|寸}} |align=right|{{frac|10}} |align=right|32 mm |align=right|1.26 in |align=left|Chinese inch |- |align=center|''chǐ'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|尺}} |align=right|1 |align=right|0.32 m |align=right|12.6 in |align=left|Chinese foot |- |align=center|''bù'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|步}} |align=right|5 |align=right|1.6 m |align=right|5.2 ft |align=left|Chinese pace |- |align=center|''zhàng'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|丈}} |align=right|10 |align=right|3.2 m |align=right|3.50 yd |align=left|Chinese yard |- |align=center|''yǐn'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|引}} |align=right|100 |align=right|32 m |align=right|35.0 yd |align=right| |- |align=center|''lǐ'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|里}} |align=right|1800 |align=right|576 m |align=right|630 yd |align=left|Chinese mile, this ''li'' is not the small ''li'' above,<br /> which has a different character and tone |}
==Present law on Chinese length units == thumb|Chinese measurement law in 1929, effective 1 January 1930
This law of length measurement was issued by the Chinese government in 1929, and has been effective since 1 January 1930. The base unit ''chi'' is defined to be 1/3 meter.<ref name="ROC1930">{{Cite web|url=http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01926/0192618020200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425025351/http://lis.ly.gov.tw/lghtml/lawstat/version2/01926/0192618020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-25 |title=The Weights and Measures Act (1929) |publisher=Legislative Yuan }}</ref><ref name=LI2016>{{Cite book |last=Language Institute |first=Chinese Academy of Social Sciences | title={{zhi|現代漢語詞典}} (Contemporary Chinese Dictionary) |publisher=Commercial Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-7-100-12450-8 |edition=7th |location=Beijing |language=zh|pages=518, 1789}}</ref><ref name="#1">《中华人民共和国国务院公报》1959年第16号（总号：180）第316页《統一公制計量單位中文名称方案》（"Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China" No. 16, 1959 (Total No.: 180) p. 316 "Proposal for Unifying the Chinese Names of Metric Measurement Units" ）</ref>
{|class="wikitable" |+ Table of Chinese length units effective since 1930<ref name="ROC1930"/> !Pinyin !Character !Relative value !Metric value !Imperial value !Notes |- |align=center|''háo '' |align=right|'''{{lang|zh|毫}}''' |align=right|'''{{frac|10 000}}''' |align=right|'''{{frac|33|1|3}} μm''' |align=right|'''{{val|0.00131|u=in}}''' |align=left|'''Chinese mil''' |- |align=center|''lí'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|釐}} (T) or {{lang|zh|厘}} (S) |align=right|{{frac|1000}} |align=right|{{frac|3}} mm |align=right|0.0131 in |align=left|Chinese calibre |- |align=center|''fēn'' |align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市分}} |align=right|{{frac|100}} |align=right|{{frac|3|1|3}} mm |align=right|0.1312 in |align=left|Chinese line |- |align=center|''cùn'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|市寸}} |align=right|{{frac|10}} |align=right|{{frac|3|1|3}} cm |align=right|1.312 in |align=left|Chinese inch |- |align=center|''chǐ'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|市尺}} |align=right|1 |align=right|{{frac|33|1|3}} cm |align=right|13.12 in |align=left|Chinese foot |- |align=center|''zhàng'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|市丈}} |align=right|10 |align=right|{{frac|3|1|3}} m |align=right|3.645 yd |align=left|Chinese yard |- |align=center|''yǐn'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|引}} |align=right|100 |align=right|{{frac|33|1|3}} m |align=right|36.45 yd |align=left|Chinese chain |- |align=center|''lǐ'' |align=right|{{lang|zh|市里}} |align=right|1500 |align=right|500 m |align=right|546.8 yd |align=left|Chinese mile, this ''li'' is not the small ''li'' above,<br /> which has a different character and tone |}
==Chinese length units in engineering== These units are based on the metric system. The Chinese word for metre is {{lang|zh|米}} ''mǐ'', which can take the Chinese standard SI prefixes (for "kilo-", "centi-", etc.). In the engineering field, traditional units are rounded up to metric units.<ref name="PRC1981SIprefixes">{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1989016.htm 1981 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111151047/http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1989016.htm |date=2012-01-11 }}, [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1981/gwyb198118.pdf No. 365] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104042737/http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1981/gwyb198118.pdf |date=2014-11-04 }}, page 575, Table 7: SI prefixes</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/f1698828903738.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113153412/https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Attachment/f1698828903738.pdf |archive-date=13 January 2024 |title=法定度量衡單位及前綴詞 |last= |first= |date=31 October 2023 |website=bsmi.gov.tw |publisher= |quote=}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" |+ Table of Chinese length units in engineering !Pinyin !Character !Relative value !Metric value !Imperial value !Notes |-align=right |align=center|''hū'' |{{lang|zh|忽}}||{{frac|{{val|1000000}}}}||1 μm|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|微米}} |-align=right |align=center|''sī'' |{{lang|zh|絲}} (T) or {{lang|zh|丝}} (S)||{{frac|{{val|100000}}}}||10 μm|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|忽米}} |-align=right |align=center|''háo'' |'''{{lang|zh|毫}}'''||'''{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}'''||'''100 μm'''|| |align=left|'''Authorized name: {{lang|zh|絲米}} (T) or {{lang|zh|丝米}} (S)''' |-align=right |align=center|''lí'' |{{lang|zh|釐}} (T) or {{lang|zh|厘}} (S)||{{frac|1000}}||1 mm|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|毫米}} |-align=right |align=center|''fēn'' |{{lang|zh|公分}}||{{frac|100}}||10 mm|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|釐米}}(T) or {{lang|zh|厘米}}(S) |-align=right |align=center|''cùn'' |{{lang|zh|公寸}}||{{frac|10}}||100 mm|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|分米}} |-align=right |align=center|''chǐ'' |{{lang|zh|公尺}}||1||1 m|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|米}} |-align=right |align=center|''Zhàng'' |{{lang|zh|公丈}}||10||10 m|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|十米}} |-align=right |align=center|''yǐn'' |{{lang|zh|公引}}||100||100 m|| |align=left|Authorized name: {{lang|zh|百米}} |-align=right |align=center|''lǐ'' |{{lang|zh|公里}}||1000||1000 m|| |align=left|this ''li'' is not the small ''li'' above,<br /> which has a different character and tone |}
==Compounds== * 絲毫 (sīháo) * 一絲一毫 (yīsīyīháo)<ref>{{cite web |title=《重編國語辭典修訂本》臺灣學術網路第六版 ("Revised Edition of the Chinese Dictionary" Taiwan Academic Network Sixth Edition) |publisher=中華民國教育部 (Ministry of Education of the Republic of China) |url=https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=149838&q=1&word=%E4%B8%80%E7%B5%B2%E4%B8%80%E6%AF%AB}}</ref> * 差之毫釐，謬以千里 (chāzhīháolí, miùyǐqiānlǐ)<ref>{{cite web |title=《重編國語辭典修訂本》臺灣學術網路第六版 ("Revised Edition of the Chinese Dictionary" Taiwan Academic Network Sixth Edition) |publisher=中華民國教育部 (Ministry of Education of the Republic of China) |url=https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=121498}}</ref>
==See also== *Li (short) *Chinese units of measurement
== References == <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}}
Category:Units of length Category:Customary units of measurement Category:Chinese units of measurement