{{Short description|Specifications for electrical grids}} A '''grid code''' is a technical specification which defines the parameters a facility connected to a public electric grid has to meet to ensure safe, secure and economic proper functioning of the electric system. The facility can be an electricity generating plant, a consumer, or another network.<ref name="GmbH 2019">{{cite web | last=GmbH | first=Next Kraftwerke | title=The Grid Code: Rules for the power network | website=Virtual Power Plant | Power Trader | Aggregator | date=2019-02-13 | url=https://www.next-kraftwerke.com/knowledge/what-is-the-grid-code | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref> The grid code is specified by an authority responsible for the system integrity and network operation. Its elaboration usually implicates network operators (distribution or transmission system operators), representatives of users and, to an extent varying between countries, the regulating body.<ref name="National Grid ESO 2018">{{cite web | title=Grid Code | website=National Grid ESO | date=2018-10-17 | url=https://www.nationalgrideso.com/codes/grid-code | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>
Contents of a grid code vary depending on the transmission company's requirements. Typically, a grid code will specify the required behavior of a connected generator during system disturbances. These include voltage regulation, power factor limits and reactive power supply, response to a system fault (e.g. short-circuit), response to frequency changes on the grid, and requirement to "ride through" short interruptions of the connection.
There is not a common grid code in all countries and each electric grid has its own grid code. Even in North America, there is no grid code that applies to all territories.<ref name="ABB Conversations 2019"/>
==Independent power producers== All generators including Independent power producers like photovoltaic power stations<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://egyptera.org/Downloads/code%20w%20dalil/code/Egypt_gridcode_for_solar_plant_connection%20on%20MV%20and%20HV.pdf |title=Solar Energy Plants Grid Connection Code |access-date=2019-07-04 |archive-date=2020-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119090607/http://egyptera.org/Downloads/code%20w%20dalil/code/Egypt_gridcode_for_solar_plant_connection%20on%20MV%20and%20HV.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> or wind farms<ref name="IEEE Conference Publication 2019">{{cite book | chapter=An Improved Control Strategy for DFIG Low Voltage Ride-Through Using Optimal Demagnetizing method | date=2019-06-18 | doi=10.1109/PEDSTC.2019.8697267 | title=2019 10th International Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC) | pages=464–469 | last1=Harandi | first1=Mahdi Jafari | last2=Ghaseminejad Liasi | first2=Sahand | last3=Nikravesh | first3=Esmail | last4=Bina | first4=Mohammad Tavakoli | isbn=978-1-5386-9254-7 }}</ref> have to comply with the grid code.<ref>[http://eurosunmed.cnrs.fr/sites/default/files/documents/grid_codes_for_renewable_energy_h._svendsen_sintef.pdf Grid codes for renewable energy integration]</ref>
==Categorizing== Grid code requirements can be divided into two categories: static and dynamic requirements.<ref name="ABB Conversations 2019">{{cite web | title=ABB Conversations > Standards and grid codes – the latest developments and trends | website=ABB Conversations | date=2019-07-04 | url=https://www.abb-conversations.com/2016/10/standards-and-grid-codes-the-latest-developments-and-trends/ | access-date=2019-07-04}}</ref>
== See also == * Smart grid * RISSP
==References== <References/> ==External links== * [http://cercind.gov.in/2010/ORDER/February2010/IEGC_Review_Proposal.pdf Indian grid code] * [https://www.terna.it/en/electric-system/grid-codes/italian-grid-code Italian grid code (for direct connections to TSO)] * [https://www.ceinorme.it/doc/norme/016021_2019/0-16_2019.pdf Italian grid code (for connections to DSOs)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100214010602/http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/Codes/gridcode/gridcodedocs/ UK grid codes] * [https://www.dnvgl.com/GridCodeListing.pdf International Grid Code Listing]
{{Electricity delivery}}
Category:Electric power transmission Category:Regulation of technologies