{{Short description|Species of mammal}} {{Speciesbox | name = Common duiker | image = Céphalophe de grimm, crop.jpg | image_caption = Adult male in Pendjari National Park, Benin | image2 = Bush Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) female (17326060406), crop.jpg | image2_caption = Adult female in the Kruger National Park, South Africa | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2016 |title=''Sylvicapra grimmia'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T21203A50194717 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21203A50194717.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Sylvicapra | parent_authority = Ogilby, 1837 | species = grimmia | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | display_parents = 2 | synonyms = ''Capra grimmia'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br /> ''Moschus grimmia'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1766}} }}

The '''common duiker''' ('''''Sylvicapra grimmia'''''), also known as the '''gray duiker''' or '''bush duiker''', is a small antelope and the only member of the genus '''''Sylvicapra'''''. This species is found everywhere in Africa south of the Sahara, excluding the Horn of Africa and the rainforests of the central and western parts of the continent. Generally, they are found in habitats with sufficient vegetation cover to allow them to hide—savannah and hilly areas, including the fringes of human settlements.<ref name="Sylvicapra grimmia – Common Duiker">{{cite web |quote=extract from The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland - 2016|last1=Child |first1=Matthew F. |title=Sylvicapra grimmia – Common Duiker |url=https://www.ewt.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/28.-Common-Duiker-Sylvicapra-grimmia_LC.pdf |website=Endangered Wildlife Trust |access-date=4 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711065615/https://www.ewt.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/28.-Common-Duiker-Sylvicapra-grimmia_LC.pdf}}</ref>

==Description==

Colouration of this species varies widely over its vast geographic range. There are 14 subspecies described,<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />{{Example needed|s|date=September 2025}} ranging from chestnut in forested areas of Angola to grizzled gray in northern savannas and light brown shades in arid regions. It grows to about {{cvt|50|cm}} in height and generally weighs {{cvt|12|to|25|kg}}; females are generally larger and heavier than the males. Only the male has horns and these can grow to {{cvt|11|cm}} long.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==Behavior== {{Unreferenced|section|date=September 2025}} Breeding is year round and the female gives birth to one fawn after a gestation period of 6 to 7.5 months. The common duiker has a wide diet; beyond browsing for leaves, flowers, fruits and tubers, they will also eat insects, frogs, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. As long as they have vegetation to eat (from which they obtain some water), they can go without drinking for very long periods. In the rainy season, they frequently do not drink water at all, instead obtaining fluids from fruits. They will often scavenge for these fruits below trees in which monkeys are feeding. They are active both day and night, but become more nocturnal near human settlements, presumably due to the presence of feral dogs and humans.

Males are territorial and smear liquid secretions of preorbital glands{{Clarify|reason=Glands on which part of the body|date=September 2025}} on rocks and branches to mark their territories; their preferred resting places are generally on elevated ground, where they can observe their territory. Females, by contrast, prefer deeper cover. The overall success of this species stems from its ability to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, as well as from its adaptable, generalist diet.

== Vulnerability to parasites == Both captive and wild common duikers have been observed to be susceptible to several species of endoparasites. These endoparasites include at least two species of threadworms including ''Strongyloides papillosus'', a species of helminth worm from the genus ''Trichuris'' (''Trichuris globulosa''), the blood fluke worm species ''Schistossoma spindale'', and a species of nematode worm (''Toxocara vitulorum'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Adelakun |first1=KM |last2=Halidu |first2=SK |last3=Ogialekhe |first3=P |last4=Omole |first4=EB |last5=Akinade |first5=TG |date=2017 |title=Comparative Study of Gastro Intestinal Parasites of Greyn Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) in Wild and Captivity |journal=Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research |volume=1 |issue=3 |doi=10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000270 |issn=2574-1241}}</ref>

==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="font-size:100%; line-height:130%"> Common duiker, Uganda.JPG|Juvenile male, Kidepo Valley N.P., Uganda Common Duiker1.jpg|young male in Kruger Park Common Duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) (6011670419).jpg|adult male in Kruger Park Common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia) female Maputo.jpg|female, Maputo National Park, Mozambique </gallery>

==Notes== {{notelist}} {{Reflist}}

==References== {{Commons category|Sylvicapra grimmia}} * ''Animal''. Smithsonian Institution, 2005, pg. 250 *Alden, P. C., et al. ''Collins Guide to African Wildlife''. Harper Collins, 2004. *Clutton-Brock, J., ed. ''Dorling Kindersley Mammal Handbook''. Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2002. *Briggs, P. ''East African Wildlife''. Bradt Travel Guides Limited, 2007.

{{Artiodactyla|R.2}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q756208}} {{Authority control}}

{{Eventoedungulate-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:duiker, common}} common duiker Category:Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa common duiker common duiker