{{Short description|Software testing}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} {{Black-box}}'''Gray-box testing''' is a software testing method used to search for defects due to improper structure or application usage, where the tester has partial knowledge of the internal structure of the software. It is a combination of white-box testing, where the tester has broad access to the internal structure of the application, and black-box testing, where tester is unaware of the structure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Research – Emerging Technology, Computer, and Software Research |url=http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/81199/p1-kicillof.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://eastwest.inf.brad.ac.uk/document/publication/Doungsa-ard-IWS06%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329214234/http://eastwest.inf.brad.ac.uk/document/publication/Doungsa-ard-IWS06%20.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2012 |access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 November 2011 |title=Gray Box Testing |url=http://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/gray-box-testing |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116044449/https://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/gray-box-testing/ |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=19 January 2012 |publisher=Software Testing Fundamentals}}</ref>
The knowledge available to gray-box testers may comprise both high-level and detailed documentation, such as software architecture, Unified Modeling Language (UML) models, Web Services Description Language (WSDL) information and state models. Testing tools and techniques include exception handling, regression testing, functional testing, and orthogonal array testing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~ssome/Cours/SEG3203/gboxtesting.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403002944/http://www.site.uottawa.ca/~ssome/Cours/SEG3203/gboxtesting.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2012 |access-date=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Patton |first=Ron |url=https://archive.org/details/softwaretesting0000patt/page/2 |title=Software Testing |date=26 July 2005 |publisher=Sams |isbn=978-0-672-32798-8 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nguyen |first=Hung Q |title=Testing Applications on the Web: Test Planning for Internet-Based Systems |date=2001 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780471437642}}</ref>
Gray-box testing is particularly used for testing web applications, that have distributed networks, and no source code or binaries that would allow for white box testing.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bach|first=James|title=Lessons Learned in Software Testing|date=31 December 2001 |publisher=Wiley Computer Publishing|isbn=978-0-471-08112-8 |url=https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471081124/softwarqaandtest}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Falk|first=Jack|title=Testing Computer Software, 2nd Edition|date=12 April 1999 |publisher=Wiley Computer Publishing|isbn=978-0-471-35846-6 |url=https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471358460/softwarqaandtest}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=IBM Systems Journal |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=457–472 |doi=10.1147/sj.473.0457 |date=6 April 2010 |last1=Li |first1=Z. J. |title=Business-process-driven gray-box SOA testing |last2=Tan |first2=H. F. |last3=Liu |first3=H. H. |last4=Zhu |first4=J. |last5=Mitsumori |first5=N. M. }}</ref>
==See also== * Grey box model
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Software testing}}
Category:Hardware testing Category:Software testing