{{Short description|Set of dishes that are eaten around the world}} {{Expand Spanish|topic=cult|Gastronomía global|date=October 2019}} The '''global cuisine''' or '''world cuisine''' is a cuisine that is practiced around the world.<ref name="Hall Sharples Mitchell Macionis 2004 p. 306">{{cite book | last1=Hall | first1=C.M. | last2=Sharples | first2=L. | last3=Mitchell | first3=R. | last4=Macionis | first4=N. | last5=Cambourne | first5=B. | title=Food Tourism Around The World | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2004 | isbn=978-1-136-40249-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WGgABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA305 | access-date=November 30, 2017 | pages=305–307}}</ref><ref name="Walker 1997 p. 306">{{cite book | last=Walker | first=H. | title=Food on the Move: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, 1996 | publisher=Prospect Books | series=Oxford Symposium on food & cookery | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-907325-79-6 | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYqTiD7SbcQC | access-date=November 30, 2017 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYqTiD7SbcQC/page/n305 304]–306}}</ref> A cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking that includes specific practices and traditions,<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cuisine Cuisine (definition)]. Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved June 2011.</ref> often associated with a specific region, country,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/cuisine?q=cuisine | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215195627/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/cuisine?q=cuisine | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 15, 2013 | title=Cuisine (definition) | publisher=Oxford Dictionaries | access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref> or culture. To become a global cuisine, a local, regional, or national cuisine must spread internationally and be commonly served around the world. There have been significant improvements and advances during the 20th century in food preservation, storage, shipping, and production, and today many countries, cities, and regions have access to their traditional cuisines and many other global cuisines.
==Asia== {{expand section|date=December 2023}}
===Nepal=== {{main|List of Nepalese dishes}}
===Philippines=== {{main|List of Filipino dishes}}
=== Japan === {{main|Japanese cuisine#Outside Japan}} {{see also|List of Japanese dishes}} Japanese cuisine has spread throughout the world, and representative dishes such as sushi and ramen are among the most popular. In many cases, Japanese food is adapted and reinvented to fit the preferences of the local populace. For instance, the California roll is a popular dish in the United States that is a modification of the Japanese makizushi, a type of sushi. In South Korea, both the Japanese curry and the ramen have been imported and popularized primarily in the form of instant food. Tonkatsu and tempura, which are derived from Western food, are now considered and marketed as uniquely Japanese, as well as Japanese curry, which is derived from Indian curry.
In many countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Philippines, and Brazil, Japanese restaurants have become popular. Among these countries, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia are key consumers, according to recent research.
The market of Japanese ingredients is also growing, with brands such as Ajinomoto, Kikkoman, Nissin and Kewpie mayonnaise, are establishing production bases in other Asian countries, such as China, Thailand and Indonesia.
===China=== {{main|Chinese cuisine}} {{See also|List of Chinese dishes}} [[File:Chinese kitchen.jpg|thumb|upright|Chinese food in Sweden]] Chinese cuisine has become widespread throughout many other parts of the world — from Asia to the Americas, Australia, Western Europe and Southern Africa. In recent years, connoisseurs of Chinese cuisine have also sprouted in Eastern Europe and South Asia. American Chinese cuisine and Canadian Chinese food are popular examples of local varieties. Local ingredients would be adopted while maintaining the style and preparation technique.
Traditional Chinese cuisines include Anhui, Cantonese, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, and Zhejiang,<ref name="beautyfujian">[http://beautyfujian.com/Fujian/Fujian_Cuisine.html "Fujian Cuisine.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731165745/http://beautyfujian.com/Fujian/Fujian_Cuisine.html |date=July 31, 2013 }} [http://beautyfujian.com Beautyfujian.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710001538/http://beautyfujian.com/ |date=July 10, 2011 }}. Retrieved June 2011.</ref> all of which are defined and termed per the respective regions within China where they developed. These regional cuisines are sometimes referred to as the "eight culinary traditions of China." A number of different styles contribute to Chinese cuisine, but perhaps the best known and most influential are the Sichuan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Guangdong cuisines.<ref>[http://www.kas.ku.edu/archived-site/chinese_food/regional_cuisine.html "Regions of Chinese food-styles/flavors of cooking."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005071508/http://www.kas.ku.edu/archived-site/chinese_food/regional_cuisine.html |date=2011-10-05 }} [http://www.kas.ku.edu/ University of Kansas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302074232/http://www.kas.ku.edu/ |date=2021-03-02 }}, Kansas Asia Scholars. Retrieved June 2011.</ref> These styles are distinctive from one another due to factors such as available resources, climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Many Chinese traditional regional cuisines rely on basic methods of food preservation such as drying, salting, pickling and fermentation.<ref name=Hsieh>J. Li & Y. Hsieh. ''Traditional Chinese Food Technology and Cuisine''. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition.</ref>
===Thailand=== {{main|Thai cuisine}} Thai cuisine is becoming increasingly popular in other parts of the world, including North America, Europe, and other parts of Asia. Thai restaurants are becoming more and more common, serving Thai curry and other traditional dishes.
=== India === [[File:Sagar, Fitzrovia, London (4688490903).jpg|thumb|left|Indian cuisine in the United Kingdom]]
Indian cuisine has contributed to shaping the history of international relations; the spice trade between India and Europe is often cited by historians as the primary catalyst for Europe's Age of Discovery.<ref name="cornillez1999">{{cite web |url=http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/Spice_Trade.html |title=The History of the Spice Trade in India |first=Louise Marie M. |last=Cornillez |date=Spring 1999 |access-date=2013-05-27 |archive-date=2012-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005054725/http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Spice_Trade.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Spices were bought from India and traded around Europe and Asia. It has also had the created influence on international cuisines, especially those from Southeast Asia, the British Isles and the Caribbean.<ref name="vegvoyages.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani & Mee |publisher=Veg Voyages |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiafood.org/features_dietary_culture4.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010525095845/http://www.asiafood.org/features_dietary_culture4.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2001 |title=Asia Food Features |publisher=Asiafood.org |access-date=23 June 2009 }}</ref> The use of Indian spices, herbs and vegetable produce have helped shaped the cuisines of many countries around the world.
Indian cuisine consists of the foods and dishes of India (and to some extent neighboring countries), is characterized by the extensive use of various Indian spices<ref> [http://www.visitsingapore.com/editorials/singapore-indian-cuisine/ "Indian Cuisine."] [http://www.visitsingapore.com VisitSingapore.com]. Retrieved July 2011.</ref> and vegetables grown across India, herbs,<ref name="Indiancuisine">[http://www.visitsingapore.com/editorials/singapore-indian-cuisine/ "Indian Cuisine."] [http://www.visitsingapore.com VisitSingapore.com]. Retrieved July 2011.</ref> vegetables<ref name="Indiancuisine"/> and fruits, and is also known for the widespread practice of vegetarianism in Indian society. Indian regional cuisine is primarily categorized at the regional level, but also at provincial levels. Cuisine differences various local cultures, geographical locations (whether a region is close to the sea, desert or the mountains), and economics. Indian cuisine is also seasonal, and utilizes fresh produce.
The cuisine of India is very diverse with each state having an entirely different food platter. The development of these cuisines have been shaped by Hindu and Jain beliefs, in particular vegetarianism which is a common dietary trend in Indian society. There has also been Islamic influence from the years of Mughal and Delhi Sultanate rule, as well as Persian interactions on North Indian and Deccani cuisine. Indian cuisine has been and is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies. Historical incidents such as foreign invasions, trade relations and colonialism have also played an important role in introducing certain food types and eating habits to the country. For instance, potato, a staple of North Indian diet was brought to India by the Portuguese, who also introduced chiles and breadfruit among other things. Spices were bought from India and traded in exchange for rubber and opium from Malacca. ==Africa== {{expand section|date=January 2026}}
==Europe== {{expand section|date=June 2015}} {{multiple image | width = 165 | image1 = Croissant1.jpg | caption1 = French cafés often offer croissants for breakfast. | image2 = Pretzel 01-14.jpg|thumb | caption2 = Pretzels are especially common in Southern Germany. }}
===France=== {{Main | French cuisine}}
===Greece=== {{Main | Greek cuisine}} Greek cuisine includes more than 80 varieties of local cheeses that are often mixed with pastries and local pizza style cheese breads (spanakopita), is famous for an abundant usage of walnuts in sauces (tahini), salads, or other meat dishes.
===Italy=== {{Main | Italian cuisine}} Italy's cuisine is one of the best-known cuisines in the world.<ref>For example, in 2019, the American network CNN ranked first in a ranking of the best cuisines in the world; see: {{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html|title=Which country has the best food?|date=12 July 2017 |access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213162408/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html|url-status=live}}. According to a survey conducted by the British company of market analysis YouGov, out of 24 countries, Italian cuisine was the most internationally appreciated gastronomy with 84% of total preferences; see: {{Cite web|url=https://it.yougov.com/news/2019/03/12/la-cucina-italiana-votata-come-la-migliore-cucina-/|title=Sondaggio YouGov:l'84% delle persone nel mondo preferisce la cucina italiana|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007143513/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/world-best-food-cultures/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> As a Mediterranean cuisine, Italian cuisine makes heavy use of products based on wheat, olives, and grapes, with tomatoes being a distinguishing factor, and values using few but high-quality ingredients. * Focaccia * Pasta * Pizza * Risotto
==North America== ===United States=== {{main|American cuisine}} {{See also|Wine of the United States|List of American regional and fusion cuisines}} [[File:Food court edo japan la belle province basha.jpg|thumb|Food courts often offer several global cuisines.]]
American cuisine is a style of food preparation originating from the United States of America. European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter. The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country. Native American cuisine includes all food practices of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Modern-day native peoples retain a rich body of traditional foods, some of which have become iconic of present-day Native American social gatherings.
===Mexico=== {{main|Mexican cuisine}} Mexican cuisine, as well as Tex-Mex, has become widespread all over the world.
===Canada=== {{main|Canadian cuisine}} Canadian cuisine consists of the cooking traditions and practices of Canada, with regional variances around the country.
==South America== {{Main|South American cuisine}} {{See also|Latin American cuisine}}
==Oceania== {{expand section|date=June 2015}}
===Australia=== {{Main|Australian cuisine}}
===Fiji=== {{Main|Fijian cuisine}}
===Marshall Islands=== {{Main|Marshallese cuisine}}
===Micronesia=== {{Main|Micronesian cuisine}}
===Nauru=== {{Main|Nauruan cuisine}}
===New Zealand=== {{Main|New Zealand cuisine}}
===Palau=== {{Main|Palauan cuisine}} The cuisine includes local foods such as cassava, taro, yam, potato, fish, and pork. It is also heavily influenced by Japanese, American, and Filipino cuisine, because of the significant presence of Filipino migrant workers. Fruit bat soup is a Palauan delicacy. Some local drinks include an alcoholic drink made from a coconut on the tree; a drink made from the roots of the kava; and the chewing of betel nuts. A dessert called ''tama'' was developed in Palau.
===Papua New Guinean cuisine=== {{Main|Papua New Guinean cuisine}}
The cuisine of Papua New Guinea are the traditional varied foods found in the eastern part of the New Guinea island. Approximately 80% of the population is reliant on subsistence agriculture, so a large percentage of food energy and protein consumed in Papua New Guinea is produced locally, while the balance is imported. The staple foods in the country includes root crops, bananas, and sago. Papua New Guinea's diet is largely vegetarian, especially in the Gulf and Highlands regions.
===Samoa=== {{Main|Samoan cuisine}}
===Solomon Islands=== {{Main|Solomon Islands cuisine}}
===Tonga=== {{Main|Tongan cuisine}}
===Tuvalu=== {{Main|Tuvaluan cuisine}}
===Vanuatu=== {{Main|Vanuatuan cuisine}}
==See also== {{portal bar|Food|Drink|Wine|Beer|Society|World}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * Conveyor belt sushi * Culinary arts * Farmers' market * Food cart * Food festival * Fusion cuisine * Globalization * Gourmet Museum and Library * Hamburger * International English food terms * List of cuisines * List of street foods * National dish * Pâtisserie * Regional cuisine * Sandwich * Sausage * Street food * Street market * Takeaway {{Div col end}}
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading== * Albala, Ken (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&dq=cuisine+encyclopedia&pg=RA2-PR10 ''Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia''] Greenwood. {{ISBN|978-0-313-37626-9}} * Zobel, Myron (1962). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_TqlGAAACAAJ&q=%22global+cuisine%22 "Global cuisine: being the unique recipes of the 84 top restaurants of the world."] Patron Press. * California Culinary Academy (2001). ''In the World Kitchen: Global Cuisine from California Culinary Academy''. Bay Books (CA). {{ISBN|1-57959-506-5}}. * Cheung, Sidney; Tan, Chee-Beng (2007). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bpxo8MxGqUkC&dq=global+cuisine&pg=PA201 ''Food and Foodways in Asia: Resource, Tradition and Cooking'']. Routledge. pp. 201–209. {{ISBN|0203947126}} * MacVeigh, Jeremy (2008). ''International Cuisine''. Delmar Cengage Learning; 1st edition. {{ISBN|1-4180-4965-4}}. * Nenes, Michael F; Robbins, Joe (2008). ''International Cuisine''. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, John & Sons; 1st edition. {{ISBN|0-470-05240-6}}. * Scarparto, Rosario (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=lthfNAAACAAJ&q=global+cuisine "New global cuisine: the perspective of postmodern gastronomy studies."] Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.
==External links== {{Commons}} {{Wikisource|Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine}} * [http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/hupfer/global/gastronomer.html The Global Gastronomer: Cuisines of the World] * [http://wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook Wikibooks Cookbook] * [https://rankito.net/poll/which-countrys-food-is-more-delicious Comparing world cuisines] {{cuisine}} {{Cuisine of Africa}} {{Asian topic|| cuisine}} {{European topic|| cuisine}} {{Mediterranean cuisine}} {{Middle East topic |title=Middle Eastern cuisine |prefix=Cuisine of}} {{North American topic|| cuisine}} {{South American topic|| cuisine}} {{Latin America topic|Cuisine of|Latin American cuisine}} {{Wine by country}} {{Meals wide}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Cuisine *