{{Short description|Musical instrument}} {{unreliable sources|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Instrument |name=Ghijak |image=2GhichakGurminj.jpg |classification= * Bowed string instrument |range= |related= * Kamancheh }} The '''ghijak'''<ref name="Grove">{{Cite Grove|title=Ghidjak|author=John Baily and Razia Sultanova|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51720}}</ref>{{efn|{{bulletedlist|{{IPAc-en|lang|g|ɪ|ˈ|dʒ|æ|k}} {{respell|gih|JAK}}|{{langx|fa|غیجک، غیژک|ghijak, ghizaak}}, {{small|cyrillized:}} {{lang|tg|ғижжак}}|{{langx|sgh|غیږک|ɣiɣ̌ak}}|{{langx|tk|гыжак|gyjak}}|{{langx|ky|кыяк|kyiak}}|{{langx|ug|غېجەك|ghëjek}}|{{zh|c=吉孜哈克|p=jízīhākè}}; {{langx|dng|гиҗак}}; Cantonese Yale: ''gātjīngahphāk''|{{langx|ru|гиджак|gidžak}}}}}} is a group of related spike fiddles, used by Afghans, Uzbeks, Uyghurs, Tajiks, Turkmens, Qaraqalpaks<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.akdn.org/akmi-instrument-38 |title=Ghijak |publisher=Aga Khan Development Network |access-date=2020-08-24}}</ref> and in the Xinjiang province of western China. Despite the similarity of the name, it is more closely related to the Persian kamancheh than the ghaychak.
==History== [[File:Pastimes of Central Asians. A Musician Playing a Gydzhak, a Stringed Instrument WDL10821.png|thumb|left|Gydzhak or Gʻijjak spike fiddles grim Russian Turkestan.]] The instrument name appears in 10th-century manuscripts, which indicate that the bridge (''harrak'') was made of almond shells. The ghidjak as depicted in 15th-century Persian miniatures resembles the modern instrument in its construction.<ref name="Grove" />
==Xinjiang== The ghijek as it is used in Xinjiang has four strings, either with a bowl soundbox (similar to the ''kamancheh''), or with a box soundbox often made from a tin can.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mus6155musicofasia.weebly.com/instruments.html |title=Badakhshani Instruments |access-date=2020-08-24}}</ref> One of Xinjiang's most prominent ''ghijek'' players is Akram Omar (艾克热木·吾买尔 / ئەكرەم ئۆمەر / Акрам Омар), from Kashgar.<sup>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NcmkHNOo5JU video]</sup>
==See also== * Ghaychak * Kamancheh
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[http://thewanderingscot.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Ghaychak.jpg Afghan ghaychak (box lute)] *[http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=106106 Tajik ghijak (box lute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415162427/http://www.iis.ac.uk/view_article.asp?ContentID=106106 |date=2009-04-15 }}
{{Traditional Chinese musical instruments}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Chinese musical instruments Category:Culture in Xinjiang Category:Uyghur musical instruments Category:Kazakhstani musical instruments Category:Kyrgyz musical instruments Category:Afghan musical instruments Category:Uzbekistani musical instruments Category:Tajik musical instruments Category:Turkmen musical instruments
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