{{short description|Techniques to provide multiple products or purify a product}}
'''Gas separation''' can refer to any of a number of techniques used to separate gases, either to give multiple products or to purify a single product.
==Swing adsorption techniques==
===Pressure swing adsorption=== {{Main|Pressure swing adsorption}} Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) pressurizes and depressurizes a multicomponent gas around an adsorbent medium to selectively adsorb some components of a gas while leaving other components free-flowing.<ref name="Basu">{{cite book | last1 = Basu | first1 = Swapan |last2 = Debnath |first2 = Ajay |title = PowerPlant Instrumentation and Control Handbook | year = 2019 | isbn = 978-0-12-819504-8 }}</ref>
===Vacuum swing adsorption=== {{Main|Vacuum swing adsorption}} Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) uses the same principle as PSA but swings between vacuum pressures and atmospheric pressure.<ref name="Augustine">{{cite journal |last1=Ntiamoah |first1=Augustine |last2=Ling |first2=Jianghua |display-authors=et al. |title=CO2 capture by vacuum swing adsorption: role of multiple pressure equalization steps |date=18 September 2015|journal=Adsorption |volume=21 |pages=509-522 |doi=10.1007/s10450-015-9690-8|hdl=11343/115935 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> PSA and VSA techniques may be combined and are called "vacuum pressure swing adsorption" (VPSA) in this case.
===Temperature swing adsorption===
Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is similar to other swing adsorption techniques but cycles the temperature of the adsorbent bed-gas system instead of the gas pressure to achieve separation.<ref name="Augustine">{{cite journal |last1=Ntiamoah |first1=Augustine |last2=Ling |first2=Jianghua |display-authors=et al. |title=CO2 capture by vacuum swing adsorption: role of multiple pressure equalization steps |date=18 September 2015|journal=Adsorption |volume=21 |pages=509-522 |doi=10.1007/s10450-015-9690-8|hdl=11343/115935 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
==Cryogenic distillation== {{Main|Air separation}} Cryogenic distillation is typically only used for very high volumes because of its nonlinear cost-scale relationship, which makes the process more economical at larger scales. Because of this it is typically only used for air separation.<ref name="Santa Anna">{{cite journal |last1=Hermes |first1=Santa Anna |last2=Amaro |first2=Barreto |display-authors=et al. |title=Methane/nitrogen separation through pressure swing adsorption process from nitrogen-rich streams |date=May 2016 |journal=Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification |volume=103 |pages=70-79 |doi=10.1016/j.cep.2015.11.002}}</ref>
== See also == * {{annotated link|Oxygen concentrator}} * {{annotated link|Nitrogen generator}} * {{annotated link|Industrial gas}} * {{annotated link|Air separation}} * {{annotated link|Natural-gas processing}} * {{annotated link|Solid sorbents for carbon capture}}
==References== <references>
<ref name="Santa Anna">{{cite journal |last1=Hermes |first1=Santa Anna |last2=Amaro |first2=Barreto |display-authors=et al. |title=Methane/nitrogen separation through pressure swing adsorption process from nitrogen-rich streams |date=May 2016 |journal=Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification |volume=103 |pages=70-79 |doi=10.1016/j.cep.2015.11.002}}</ref>
<ref name="Basu">{{cite book | last1 = Basu | first1 = Swapan |last2 = Debnath |first2 = Ajay |title = PowerPlant Instrumentation and Control Handbook | year = 2019 | isbn = 978-0-12-819504-8 }}</ref>
</references> Category:Gas separation Category:Analytical chemistry Category:Industrial gases Category:Gas technologies