Fourragère

{{short description|Honorific braided cord worn on military uniforms}}

[[file:fourragere 2e REI 2007 07 14.jpg|thumb|Blue and red ''fourragère'' of the Croix de Guerre TOE worn by a soldier of the 2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment (2e REI). The fourragère is the braided cord passing under the medals and around the soldier's side.]] thumb|The ''fourragère'' of the Order of the Legion of Honor

The '''''fourragère''''' ({{IPA|fr|fuʁaʒɛʁ|lang}}, from {{wikt-lang|fr|fourrage}}, "fodder") is a military award, distinguishing military units as a whole, in the form of a braided cord. The award was first adopted by France, followed by other nations such as the Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, and Luxembourg. ''Fourragères'' have been awarded to units of both national and foreign militaries, except for that of Luxembourg, which has not been awarded to any foreign units.

The origin of the award is not entirely certain, but at least two conjectural stories have been posited. The first involves Flemish soldiers serving under the Duke of Alva who were reported as having been cowardly in battle. The Duke threatened them all with hanging if they did not perform better in future engagements, and the soldiers, so insulted by the insinuation, took to wearing cords tied to large nails around their shoulders, as if to say{{weasel inline|date=January 2026}} "Hang me by this cord and nail if you see me run from battle." Following this, the unit's members performed so well that the rope and nail became a badge of honor.<ref name=US>{{cite book|title=Infantry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oT_b3BkoYp8C&pg=RA5-PA66|year=1962|publisher=U.S. Army Infantry School|page=5}}</ref>

The other is that to the extent that an aiguillette is a form of ''fourragère'', the wearing of armor by European knights required the use of ropes with metal tabs and a squire to cinch the armor into place—the squire would carry these cords over his shoulder, hence the association with aides de camp.<ref name=US/>

== France ==

=== History ===

As a regimental distinction the ''fourragère'' should not be confused with the aiguillette (distinctive insignia of the aide-de-camp) which was introduced by Napoleon I and which it closely resembles (the aiguillette is merely a golden ''fourragère'').

The modern ''fourragère'' of the French Army is awarded to all members of military units which have been awarded a mention in despatches. It should not be confused with unit awards of particular decorations, where the medal itself is hung on the flag of the unit. For example, there are many units wearing the ''fourragère'' of the ''médaille militaire'', whereas only six units wore the medal on their flags. {{Crossreference|(See also the article dealing with the Croix de Guerre.)}}

It was introduced during the First World War, when the French Ministry of War first awarded the ''fourragère'' to units which had been recorded as distinguishing themselves more than once in the Orders of the Army. There were then six fourragères, depending on the numbers of Mentions in dispatches awarded to the unit: {| class=wikitable |- !Numbers of mentions !First and Second World Wars !Overseas Wars !Operations since 1952 |- | 9,10 or 11 || Double, red (color of the ''légion d'honneur'') and green with red stripes (colors of the ''croix de guerre 14-18'') || ''not awarded'' || ''not awarded'' |- | 6, 7 or 8 || Simple, red (color of the ''légion d'honneur'')|| Simple, red, with an olive red and blue (colors of the ''croix de guerre'' Overseas) || ''not awarded'' |- | 4 or 5 || Simple, yellow with green stripes (colors of the ''médaille militaire'') || Simple, yellow with green stripes, with an olive red and blue || ''not awarded'' |- | 2 or 3 || Simple, green with red stripes (colors of the ''croix de guerre 14-18'') || Simple, red and blue || Simple, red and white (colors of the ''croix de la Valeur Militaire'') |}

If a unit received this distinction in both the First and Second World Wars, its ''fourragère'' bears two olives, one for each conflict it earned mentions. These olives are different:

{|class=wikitable |- !numbers of mentions !First World War !Second World War |- | 9, 10 or 11 || half-red and half-green with red stripes, the two halves separated by a white ring || ''not awarded'' |- | 6, 7 or 8 || half-red and half-green with red stripes || ''not awarded'' |- | 4 or 5 || half-yellow with green stripes and half-green with red stripes || half-yellow with green stripes and half-red with green stripes |- | 2 or 3 || green with red stripes || red with green stripes |}

During the Second World War, the medal of the ''Ordre de la Libération'' was awarded to the flags of 17 military units, whose members now wear a ''fourragère'' since June 18, 1996. This ''fourragère'' is considered the top unit award in the French military, as the ''ordre de la Libération'' award is seen to be more important than any mention in dispatches.

Certain French military units wear combinations of ''fourragères'', if they were mentioned in orders in both one of the World War and an overseas (colonial) war. For example, the famous Foreign Legion regiment the 3rd Foreign Infantry wears a double ''fourragère'' red and green with red stripes (9 mentions during World War I), with an olive red with green stripes (3 mentions during World War II) and a ''fourragère'' yellow with green stripes, with an olive red and blue (5 mentions during Overseas Wars).

''Fourragères'' used by the French Foreign Legion are:

*2e REI (2nd Foreign Legion Infantry) – croix de guerre des TOE *2e REP (2nd Foreign Legion Paratroops) – Légion d'honneur *1er REC (1st Foreign Legion Cavalry) - Croix de Guerre (World War II); croix de guerre des TOE *3e REI (3rd Foreign Legion Infantry) – Légion d'honneur, Médaille militaire, Croix de Guerre *13e DBLE (13th Foreign Legion Demi-Brigade) – Ordre de la Libération

=== Personal wear of the ''fourragère'' === The ''fourragère'' is normally worn by members of a unit awarded the decoration. When they leave the unit, they have to relinquish the ''fourragère''. However members who took part personally in the actions leading to the award of the ''fourragère'' can continue to wear the ''fourragère'', even after leaving the unit. They can only wear a ''fourragère'' corresponding to the number of actions they actually took part in. Thus, if a member of a 5-mentions regiment leaves but took part in only two mentioned actions, he can only wear the ''croix de guerre fourragère'' and not the ''médaille militaire fourragère''.

===Pictures=== <gallery> File:Fourragere Ordre de la Libération.jpg|{{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de l'Ordre de la Libération}} File:Fourragère LH.png|{{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Légion d'honneur}} File:Fourragère MM.png|{{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Médaille militaire}} File:Fourragère CG.png|{{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la croix de guerre 1914-1918}} File:Fourragère CG TOE.jpg|{{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la croix de guerre des TOE}} File:Fourragere-3-REI.jpg|The most impressive set of ''fourragères'': double ''fourragère'' of Légion d'honneur and Croix de Guerre with olives of both World War I (9 mentions) and World War II (3 mentions) and ''fourragère'' of Médaille militaire with olive of TOE (4 mentions). Worn by members of 3 REI. </gallery>

== American Units awarded the ''fourragère'' == {{multiple image |total_width = 590 |image1 = ErskineGB Gen USMC.jpg |caption1 = Gen Graves B. Erskine wearing the ''fourragère'' with the cords hanging over the sleeve, a mark of being in the military unit when the award was made |image2 = U.S. Army 1st Lt. Alexander Woody, with the 82nd Airborne Division, stands for the national anthem during a ceremony celebrating the U.S. Army's 237th birthday in Times Square June 14, 2012, in New York 120614-A-AO884-084.jpg |caption2 = 1LT Alexander Woody, with the 82nd Airborne Division, wearing the ''fourragère'' that was awarded to the division for its performance at the Battle of Normandy in 1944; note the lack of outside cords }} * The 5th Marine Regiment, the 6th Marine Regiment, and the 5th Machine Gun Battalion of the United States Marine Corps were awarded the ''fourragère'' for having earned the Croix de Guerre with palm leaf three times during World War I. * The 9th Infantry Regiment, 23rd Infantry Regiment, 12th Field Artillery Regiment, 15th Field Artillery Regiment , 17th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Engineer Battalion, 1st Field Signal Battalion, 2nd Trench Artillery, 2nd Sanitary Train, 2nd Division, A.E.F., was awarded the French Croix de Guerre with Palm three times, and awarded the French ''fourragère'' for service during World War I campaigns at Chateau Thierry, Aisne-Marne, and Meuse-Argonne. In addition, because several U.S. soldiers were present in front-line action during each battle for which all the unit within the 2nd Division was awarded the Croix de Guerre, the French Government and U.S. Army Adjutant General allowed these soldiers to wear the ''fourragère'' as an individual decoration regardless of future unit assignment—a very rare honor. In total, 30,000 A.E.F. officers and men were certified to wear the French ''fourragère'' as an individual decoration, per the Final Report of the Secretary of War, 1922. * During World War I, the 5th S.S.U. and 646th S.S.U. was awarded the {{lang|fr|fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de la médaille militaire}}. * During World War II, the 16th, 18th, and 26th Infantry Regiments, the 5th and 7th Field Artillery Battalions, the 1st Engineer Battalion and the 1st Signal Company were awarded the {{lang|fr|fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de la médaille militaire}}. * 17 French military units wear the ''fourragère'' of the ''Ordre de la Libération'' {{Crossreference|(see article for the list).}} * 370th Infantry Regiment (World War I)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://afrigeneas.com/forum-military/index.cgi?noframes;read=249 | title=Re: Revolutionary War Ceremony }}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> *82nd Airborne Division during the Battle of Normandy in June 1944. *The 3rd Division (Marne Division) was awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de Guerre}} for service to France in WW II. *The 79th Infantry Division was awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de Guerre}} for its actions in helping liberate Paris from June 1944 through 27 August 1944 and helping liberate Baccarat, Phalsbourg and Saverne from 21–24 November 1944.<ref>Department of the Army, General Order 43 1950.</ref> *The 12th Field Artillery Regiment was awarded the French ''fourragère'' in World War I and the Belgian ''fourragère'' in World War II. *The 102nd Cavalry Regiment was awarded the French and Belgian Croix de Guuerre in World War II. *The 104th Infantry Regiment, 26th Infantry Division was awarded the French Croix de Guerre in World War I and World War II. *The 121st Cavalry Squadron of the 106th Cavalry Group, XV Corps, was awarded the French Croix de Guerre and French ''fourragère'' for actions during World War II. *The 143rd Infantry Regiment, 36th Division, Texas Army National Guard, was awarded the French Croix de Guerre in connection with its action fought at Meuse-Argonne during World War I. *The 4th Infantry Division, consisting of the 8th, 12th (both cited twice) and the 22nd Infantry Regiments were awarded the Belgian ''fourragère'' for action in the Battle of the Bulge. The 8th Infantry was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for the Beaches of Normandy, the 12th Infantry for Luxembourg (Battle of the Bulge) and the 22nd Infantry received three Presidential Unit Citations for Carentan (France), St. Gillis_Marigny (France), and the Hurtgen Forest (Battle of the Bulge). *The 2nd Infantry Division, 9th Infantry Division, 30th Infantry Division, 101st Airborne Division, 2nd Armored Division, 3rd Armored Division and 7th Armored Division was awarded the Belgian ''fourragère'' on July 13th, 1950 for their action in the Battle of the Bulge.

=== World War I === {| class="wikitable" style="float:left;" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! Unit ! Service ! Year awarded ! Campaign or battle ! Other notes |- ||5th Marines 6th Marines 5th Machine Gun Battalion ||US Marines ||1918 ||Battle of Belleau Wood, Western Front ||Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} with palm leaf three times |- ||9th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Division ||US Army ||1919 ||Chateau Thierry, Aisne-Marne, and Meuse-Argonne ||French ''fourragère'' in the colors of the Croix de Guerre, under General Order No. 156 F, August 29, 1919, GHQ, French Armies of the East. |- ||23rd Infantry Regiment, 2nd Division ||US Army ||1918 ||Chateau Thierry, Aisne-Marne, and Meuse-Argonne ||434 officers and men were certified to wear the French ''fourragère'' as an individual decoration, per the Final Report of the Secretary of War, 1922 |- ||2nd Division and its subordinates ||US Army ||1919 ||Chateau Thierry, Aisne-Marne, and Meuse-Argonne ||Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} with palm leaf three times |- ||370th Infantry Regiment, 93rd Infantry Division ||US Army ||1918 ||Third Battle of the Aisne, Western Front ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://afrigeneas.com/forum-military/index.cgi?noframes;read=2494|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311193823/http://afrigeneas.com/forum-military/index.cgi?noframes;read=2494|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 11, 2007|title=Re: 372nd Infantry WW1 capsule history|website=afrigeneas.com}}</ref> |- |} {{Clear}}

=== World War II === {| class="wikitable" style="float:left;" |- style="background:#efefef;" ! Unit ! Service ! Year awarded ! Campaign or battle ! Other notes |- ||1st Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Normandy ||Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de la médaille militaire}} |- ||16th Infantry, 18th Infantry 26th Infantry, 5th Field Artillery, 7th Field Artillery Battalion, 1st Engineer Battalion, 1st Signal Company, all of the 1st Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Normandy ||Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs du ruban de la médaille militaire}} |- ||Division and 1st Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Normandy ||Also awarded the Order of William by the Kingdom of the Netherlands for gallantry during Operation Market Garden in 1944 |- |3rd Infantry Division |U.S. Army |1945 |Colmar |Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} |- ||26th Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Lorraine ||awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} |- ||79th Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Operation Overlord ||Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} |- ||4th Armored Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Normandy ||Awarded the {{lang|fr| Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} |- ||478th Amphibious Truck Company Non Divisional ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Operation Overlord ||Awarded the {{lang|fr|Fourragère aux couleurs de la Croix de guerre}} |- ||30th Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org"/> and Presidential Unit Citation{{Efn|Awarded in 2020}} |- ||101st Airborne Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org"/> and Presidential Unit Citation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teststandard.com/2ndarmoredhellonwheels/news_and_interest.html |title=A World War 2 Historical Site |access-date=2014-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515151929/http://www.teststandard.com/2ndarmoredhellonwheels/news_and_interest.html |archive-date=2013-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Wilson|editor1-first=John B.|title=Armies, Corps, Divisions and Separate Brigades|date=1993|publisher=GPO|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0160869404|page=575}}</ref> |- ||12th Field Artillery Battalion, 99th Infantry Division, 8th Infantry Regiment, 12th Infantry Regiment, 22nd Infantry Regiment, three regiments from the 4th Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org" /> and Presidential Unit Citation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teststandard.com/2ndarmoredhellonwheels/news_and_interest.html |title=A World War 2 Historical Site |access-date=2014-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515151929/http://www.teststandard.com/2ndarmoredhellonwheels/news_and_interest.html |archive-date=2013-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Wilson|editor1-first=John B.|title=Armies, Corps, Divisions and Separate Brigades|date=1993|publisher=GPO|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0160869404|page=575}}</ref> |- ||3rd Armored Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org" /> and Presidential Unit Citation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teststandard.com/2ndarmoredhellonwheels/news_and_interest.html |title=A World War 2 Historical Site |access-date=2014-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515151929/http://www.teststandard.com/2ndarmoredhellonwheels/news_and_interest.html |archive-date=2013-05-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Wilson|editor1-first=John B.|title=Armies, Corps, Divisions and Separate Brigades|date=1993|publisher=GPO|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0160869404|page=575}}</ref> |- ||7th Armored Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref>https://www.7tharmddiv.org/DA%201950%20GO%2043.doc {{Bare URL DOC|date=August 2025}}</ref> and Presidential Unit Citation<ref>https://www.7tharmddiv.org/DA%201948%20GO%2048.doc {{Bare URL DOC|date=August 2025}}</ref> |- ||9th Military Police Company, 9th Armored Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Rhineland Campaign ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gunnarsson|first1=Robert L.|title=American Military Police in Europe, 1945–1991: Unit Histories|date=2011|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson, N.C.|isbn=978-0786439751|page=34}}</ref><ref name=higeons>{{cite web |last1=Higeons |first1=Rebecca |title=Colonel John (Jack) F. Hyde (Retired) 1917–2007 |url=http://www.wood.army.mil/engrmag/pdfs/Spring%2008/Higeons-Hyde.pdf |access-date=31 July 2018 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731062155/http://www.wood.army.mil/engrmag/pdfs/Spring%2008/Higeons-Hyde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ||2nd Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org" /> |- ||4th Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org" /> |- ||9th Infantry Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org" /> |- ||2nd Armored Division ||U.S. Army ||1944 ||Battle of the Bulge ||Awarded the Belgian ''fourragère''<ref name="30thinfantry.org" /> |} {{Clear}}

==Dutch Orange Lanyard== The Cabinet of the Netherlands granted the right to wear an Orange Lanyard to individual members of 3 United States Army units who actually participated in the ground operations of Operation Market Garden in 1944: The U.S. 82nd Airborne Division by ministerial decree of 8 October 1945, the U.S. 101st Airborne Division on 20 September 1946 and on 20 April 1982 to glider pilots of the IXth U.S. Air Force Troop Carrier Command who were 'forgotten' in 1945 and 1946. (The Orange Lanyard was not awarded to the 1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom) because the British soldiers were not authorized to wear foreign lanyards).

The Orange Lanyard has nothing to do with the Military Order of William. This persistent misconception among many militaria collectors, primarily in the United States, arises from the fact that the orange fourragere was awarded to individual members of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division by Ministerial Decree of October 8, 1945,''' ''the very same day'' '''that the Military Order of William 4th Class (RMWO4) was awarded by Royal Decree (RD) No. 30 to the unit colours of the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division.<ref name="onder">{{Cite web|lang=en|author=|title=Dutch Awards to American Divisional Colours for WW II|url=https://onderscheidingen.nl/decorandi/wo2/us/uscolours.html|website=Onderscheidingen.nl|date=|access-date=18 April 2025}}</ref>

==Belgian ''fourragère''{{anchor|Belgian fourragère}}== [[File:Army Class A Blouse.jpg|thumb|right|240px|US Army Class A tunic with Belgian ''fourragère'' on the left German Armed Forces Badge of Marksmanship (Schützenschnur) worn on the right]] The Belgian ''fourragère'' of 1940 was created by Prince Charles of Belgium, Regent of the Kingdom to honor certain military formations that distinguished themselves during the Second World War. It consists of three cords terminated by a knot and a metal tag, and is braided in red and green; the colors of the Belgian Croix de guerre of 1940. The ''fourragère'' is in cotton for non-commissioned officers and soldiers and in silk for officers.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

==Luxembourg ''fourragère''== The Luxembourg Army currently awards an orange and blue ''fourragère''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armee.lu/actualites/2009/remise-de-la-fourragere-orange-bleu |title=Accès refusé |first=Interact|last=SA |website=armee.lu}}</ref>

==Portuguese ''fourragères''==

Portugal has three ''fourragères'': the War Cross (red and green), the Military Valor Medal (blue and white) and the Order of the Tower and Sword (solid blue).

==South Vietnamese ''fourragère''== 200px|thumb|Vietnam ''fourragère'' (Mixed colors of Gallantry Cross, Military Merit Medal, and National Order)

The Vietnam Gallantry Cross is the equivalent of the French Croix de Guerre. It was created by Decree No 74-b/Qt dated 15 August 1950 and Decree No 96/DQT/HC dated 2 May 1952. Both individuals (denoted by a star) and formations (denoted by a palm) cited for gallantry were awarded the decoration. Formations that were awarded the Gallantry Cross for two or more occasions were initially authorized to wear a ''fourragère''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmilitariaforum.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=10777|title=Shoulder Cords - UNIFORMS|website=usmilitariaforum.com|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>

The Vietnam Civil Action is another of the South Vietnamese ''fourragères''. In appearance it resembled the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry, but rather than yellow and red, it was green and red. Formations that were awarded the medal or emblem for two or more occasions are authorized to wear a ''fourragère''. Many units and individuals were awarded one award, but few were presented with a second award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmilitariaforum.com/forums/index.php?/topic/10777-shoulder-cords/page-7|title=Shoulder Cords - Page 7 - UNIFORMS|website=usmilitariaforum.com|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>

==Decorative ''fourragères''== ''Fourragères'' are often worn as decorative items to liven up ceremonial uniforms in military, police, and cadet organisations. Members of the United States and Canadian 1st Special Service Force wore a red, white, and blue ''fourragère'' made out of parachute shroud lines without having earned them in any particular form of military engagement.<ref>[http://www.canadiansoldiers.com/mediawiki-1.5.5/index.php?title=First_Special_Service_Force First Special Service Force – www.canadiansoldiers.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307114731/http://www.canadiansoldiers.com/mediawiki-1.5.5/index.php?title=First_Special_Service_Force |date=2008-03-07 }}</ref>{{Not in source|date=May 2025}} == Notes == {{notelist}}

== See also == * Aiguillette

== References == {{Commons category|Fourragère}} {{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fourragere}} Category:Military insignia Category:Formal insignia Category:Military uniforms Category:Military awards and decorations of France Category:Braids