Flecktarn

{{Short description|German military camouflage pattern}} {{Italic title}} {{Citation style|date=March 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} {{Infobox military gear | name = Flecktarn | image = Flecktarn.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Flecktarn camouflage woodland fabric swatch | origin = Germany | type = Military camouflage patterns  | service = 1990–present | used_by = ''See Users'' | wars = Bosnian War Kosovo War War in Afghanistan Iraq War Russo-Ukrainian War  | designer = | design_date = 1976 | manufacturer = | unit_cost = | production_date = | number = | variants = See Variants  | spec_label = }}

'''''Flecktarn''''' ({{IPA|de|ˈflɛktaʁn}}; "mottled camouflage"; also known as '''''Flecktarnmuster''''' or '''''Fleckentarn''''') is a family of three-, four-, five- or six-color disruptive camouflage patterns, the most common being the five-color pattern which is the woodland version, consisting of dark green, grey-green, red brown, and black over a light green or tan base depending on the manufacturer. The original German five-color pattern was designed for use in European temperate woodland terrain. A three-color variation called '''Wüstentarn''' is often mistakenly called '''Tropentarn''' by non-German speakers,<ref>{{cite web | title=MultiTarn - One Camo to Rule the All (In Deutschland) | Soldier Systems Daily | date=5 August 2025 | url=https://soldiersystems.net/2025/08/05/multitarn-one-camo-to-rule-the-all-in-deutschland/ }}</ref> which is instead a 3 color pattern used by the Bundeswehr in arid and desert environments and also printed on Tropentarn fabric and <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zentauron.de/en/content/64-types-of-fabric-used-by-zentauron|title=Fabrics used by Zentauron}}</ref> is intended for arid and desert conditions; the German Bundeswehr wore it in Afghanistan.

The original German five-color flecktarn has been adopted, copied and modified by many countries for their own camouflage patterns.

Flecktarn will be replaced by Multitarn in the Bundeswehr within a four-year period from 2026 to 2029''.''

== History == {{main|German World War II camouflage patterns}}

The German Army started experimenting with camouflage patterns before World War II, and some army units used ''Splittermuster'' ("splinter pattern") camouflage, first issued in 1931.<ref name=Newark>{{cite book |last1=Newark |first1=Tim |title=Camouflage |date=2007 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |isbn=978-0-500-51347-7 |pages=133–134, 157}}</ref> Waffen-SS combat units used various patterns from 1935 onwards. Many SS camouflage patterns were designed by Johann Georg Otto Schick.{{sfnp|Dougherty|2017|p=45-47}}

== Modern patterns == thumb|upright|German ''Flecktarn'' uniform in 2015

In 1976, the {{Lang|de|Bundeswehr}} in Germany developed a number of prototype camouflage patterns, to be trialled as replacements for the solid olive-grey "moleskin" combat uniform. At least four distinct camouflage patterns were tested during ''Bundeswehr Truppenversuch 76'' ("Bundeswehr Troop Trial 76".) These were based on patterns in nature:<ref name=Newark/> one was called "Dots" or "Points"; another was called "Ragged Leaf" or "Saw Tooth Edge"; another was based on pine needles in winter.<ref name=Newark/>

Designed by the German company Marquardt & Schulz, several patterns were developed and tested by the German military. The pattern named "Flecktarn B" was chosen as the final pattern for use.<ref name="UFPROFL">{{cite web | url=https://ufpro.com/blog/evolution-flecktarn-camouflage-pattern | title=Flecktarn — the German way of playing hide and seek |date=31 July 2020 |website=UF PRO}}</ref> The word flecktarn is a composite formed from the German words ''Fleck'' (spot, blot(ch), mark or mottle) and ''Tarnung'' (camouflage.)<ref>{{cite web | title=Multitarn, the German Army camouflage to replace the famous Flecktarn of 1990 | url=https://www.outono.net/elentir/2025/08/13/multitarn-the-german-army-camouflage-to-replace-the-famous-flecktarn-of-1990/ |date=13 August 2025 |website=Counting Stars}}</ref> The Bundeswehr kept its green combat dress throughout the 1980s, however, while trials were conducted. ''Flecktarn'' was only widely introduced in 1990 in a newly reunited Germany.<ref name=Newark/>

In 1985 the Dutch government tested Flecktarn B with soldiers of its 13th Armored Brigade in Oirschot. Locally named "Stippel", the pattern met with media opposition for its perceived similarity to Waffen-SS "peas" and "oak leaves" camouflage. Among other criticisms, there were complaints from some users about double vision when looking at the “dot pattern” for a long time. The Dutch government scrapped the plan completely in 1987.<ref name="UFPROFL"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://strikehold.net/2021/02/23/new-camouflage-uniforms-for-the-dutch-armed-forces-the-backstory/ | title=New Camouflage Uniforms and Equipment for the Dutch Armed Forces – the Backstory |website=Strikehold.net | date=23 February 2021 }}</ref><ref name=Newark/>

In Germany, the ''Flecktarn'' camouflage pattern is used by all ''Bundeswehr'' service branches, the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force), some ''Marine'' (navy) units and even the ''Sanitätsdienst'' (medical service.) Its official name is ''5 Farben-Tarndruck der Bundeswehr'' (five-color camouflage print of the Bundeswehr.)<ref name="BPDF">{{Cite web|url=http://tl.baainbw.de/AG-Bund/TL/Daten/83050290.pdf |title=TL 8305-0290: 5 Farben-Tarndruck der Bundeswehr |website=BAAINBw |access-date=29 March 2023|language=de}}</ref> This temperate ''Flecktarn'' five-color scheme consists of 15% light green, 20% light olive, 35% dark green, 20% brown and 10% black.<ref name="BPDF"/>

<gallery mode="packed"> File:German_soldiers_target_practice_at_TSC-Wiesbaden_Wackernheim_Range_121203-A-CR252-111.jpg|German body armour cover and helmet cover in Flecktarn File:BWNaesseschutzFlecktarnHoheitszeichen.jpg|Jacket File:SETC_18_Opening_Ceremony_(41820394604).jpg|Flecktarn overalls for crews of tanks in 2018 </gallery>

=== Evolution === Manufacturing contractors for the Bundeswehr are bound by the requirements and specifications laid out by the ''Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr'' - BAAINBw (Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support of the German Armed Forces.)<ref>German Wikipedia article {{circular reference|date=December 2022}}</ref> The specific document that contractors must comply with is the ''Technische Lieferbedingungen'' - TL (Technical Delivery Conditions.)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/organisation/ausruestung-baainbw/vergabe/technische-lieferbedingungen |title=Technische Lieferbedingungen |trans-title=Technical Delivery Conditions |website=Bundeswehr |language=de}}</ref>

Within the TL are material performance sheets for all products conforming to civilian, ISO, and military specifications, as applicable. The TL requirements for ''flecktarn'' have undergone changes over the years and the pattern is now in its fifth iteration. The most observable changes have been to the colors, most notably from about 2005 whereupon the color screens became more separated making the pattern overall brighter.<ref name="IACMC">{{Cite web |url=https://iacmc.forumotion.com/t2251-flecktarn-different-color-versions |title=Flecktarn-different color versions |date=26 January 2010 |website=IACMC Militaria Forum |language=en |access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref> Visually the green and grey screens of post-2005 ''flecktarn'' are lighter with greater separation and the brown screen has become more of a rust-like color, whereas the former green and grey screens were darker and closer in hue and the brown screen was more of a reddish-brown.<ref name="color-hex">{{Cite web |title=Flecktarn Color Palette |url=https://www.color-hex.com/color-palette/87999 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Color-hex.com |language=en}}</ref> In the modern colors the black screen now presents in sharp contrast to the rest of the colors.

==Pattern== thumb|left|Soldier on the left is wearing Tropentarn. Soldier on the right is wearing Wüstentarn. Soldiers in the background are wearing the common dark green Flecktarn. There are three different Flecktarn. The common dark green Flecktarn, the Tropentarn (tropical camouflage) and Wüstentarn (desert camouflage). Tropentarn is Bundeswehr 5-color Flecktarn printed on lighter weight fabric. All colors (dark green, grey-green, red brown, and black over a light green or tan base depending on the manufacturer) are a bit brighter than the common dark green Flecktarn. On the tropentarn fabric the brown screen is more of a "rust" color and the black screen contrasts sharply against the dark green and grey-green screens.<ref name="IACMC"/><ref name="color-hex"/> The term is sometimes erroneously used for Bundeswehr 3-color desert camouflage, Wüstentarn. Both patterns are printed on the same fabric type.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://easterncostume.com/wardrobe/foreign-military/german-bundeswehr-wustentarn |title=German Bundeswehr Wustentarn |website=Eastern Costume}}{{better source needed|date=February 2025}}</ref>

===Multitarn replacement=== {{Further|Multitarn}} thumb|A German KSK member wearing the new Bundeswehr ''Multitarn'' camo pattern. In 2016, tests were conducted by the Research Institute of materials and property of the Bundeswehr (''Wehrwissenschaftliche Institut für Werk- und Betriebsstoffe'' – WIWeB) on a new pattern designated ''Multitarn'' as a potential replacement for ''flecktarn''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://defence-blog.com/new-multitarn-patterns-for-the-bundeswehr/ |title=New Multitarn patterns for the Bundeswehr |last=Malyasov |first=Dylan |date=18 January 2016 |website=Defence Blog}}</ref>

The pattern is intended as a multi-terrain pattern, initially for use only by German special forces. The Bundeswehr initially expressed plans for adoption by multiple divisions of the Bundeswehr to complement existing flecktarn patterns but as of 2022 this had not occurred.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-23 |title=Multitarn - The new German Flecktarn |url=https://www.chk-shield.com/blogs/news/multitarn-the-new-german-flecktarn |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=CHK-SHIELD Tactical Equipment |language=en}}</ref> Unlike with its previous flecktarn patterns the Bundeswehr has taken strict measures over its property rights and distribution control to prevent unauthorized and illegal production of the pattern outside the Bundeswehr's authorized contractors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://augengeradeaus.net/2016/01/mehr-als-flecktarn-neues-multitarn-muster-fuer-die-bundeswehr/ |title=Mehr als Flecktarn: Neues Multitarn-Muster für die Bundeswehr |last=Wiegold |first=Thomas |date=15 January 2016 |website=Augen geradeaus! |language=de |access-date=2023-06-13}}</ref>

==Variants==

=== Belgium === Bundeswehr ''flecktarn'' was used by airbase security and anti-aircraft units of the Belgian Air Force from 1988 to 2000. The pattern was unchanged from the original but slightly larger than the eventual Bundeswehr production pattern. It is noteworthy here that the model developed in Germany was put into general use by the Belgian Air Force almost three years before it was introduced into the Bundeswehr. A modular kit and a two-piece rucksack in ''flecktarn'' pattern was used to complete the uniform of field trousers, blouse and parka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://camohq.com/collections/belgian-flecktarn-camo |title=Belgian Flecktarn CAMO |website=CAMO HQ |language=en |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928045223/https://camohq.com/collections/belgian-flecktarn-camo |url-status=dead }}{{better source needed|date=September 2023}}</ref>

=== Denmark === {{see also|M84 camouflage pattern}}

=== Russia === The Russian military uses a wide range of different commercial camouflage patterns including several variations of flecktarn. One is called ''Sever'' ("north") or ''Flectar-D''. This pattern is a three-color pattern which is almost identical to Danish M84 but the base screen is tan. The pattern was introduced in Russia in 2006.

Another variant is called ''Tochka-4'' (Point-4) produced by the Russian company Modoks. The pattern is essentially ''Flectar-D'' with a fourth color, brown, added.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

Another pattern resembling Bundeswehr five-color ''flecktarn'' has been used by some Russian forces with the difference being that the brown screen is red.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}

=== Japan === thumb|Japanese flecktarn Japan adopted a ''flecktarn''-based pattern called Type II Camouflage, or ''Jietai'' which has been in use with the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force since 1985. This pattern is a four-color version consisting of light green, brown and black on a beige background.{{sfnp|Dougherty|2017|p=74}} A desert version is also in use.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3404578/japan-self-defense-force-school/ |title=The High School Where Japan's Kids Learn to Become Soldiers |last=Beech |first=Hannah |date=September 25, 2014 |magazine=TIME}}{{failed verification|date=December 2022}}</ref>

=== China === ''Type 03 Plateau'' camouflage is a five-color flecktarn pattern that was formerly used in the early 2000s by the Chinese military in Tibet. It consists of a base color of sand with grey, light-brown, mid-brown, and black.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://i.pinimg.com/originals/8f/81/77/8f81776d14baee9340654d9b2b21ed4b.jpg |title=Camouflage jacket |website=Pinterest}}{{unreliable source?|reason=Picture alone isn't good enough.|date=December 2022}}</ref> Although the artwork is identical to the German original the Chinese version is only a portion of the complete pattern. Among collectors it is alternatively called "Tibetarn" or ''Tibet flecktarn''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Type 03 Plateau "Tibet Flecktarn" Camo Uniform |url=https://iacmc.forumotion.com/t3253-type-03-plateau-tibet-flecktarn-camo-uniform |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=IACMC Militaria Forum |language=en}}{{better source needed|date=September 2023}}</ref> The pattern was replaced by a four-color digitalized version called ''07 Arid Camouflage'' ("07式荒漠迷彩作训服") in 2007.{{sfnp|Dougherty|2017|p=74}}

Some Russian special forces have also used this same pattern. The Russian version is made locally for military contractors by SPLAV.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kula-tactical.com/russian-tibet-camo-jacket | title=Russian Tibet Camo Jacket |website=Kula Tactical |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025191333/https://kula-tactical.com/russian-tibet-camo-jacket |archive-date=2020-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.splav.ru/products/bryuki-splav-sas-s-podstezhkoj-tibet/?product_id=500724 |title=Products |access-date=14 December 2022 |archive-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214064228/https://www.splav.ru/products/bryuki-splav-sas-s-podstezhkoj-tibet/?product_id=500724 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Poland === The ''Samodzielny Pododdzial Antyterrorystyczny Policji'' - SPAP (anti-terrorism unit of the Polish National Police) have used a five-color flecktarn variant called ''WZ AT 1 Plamiak'', also known as ''Metro'' colloquially.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|pp=422}} The pattern is different in that it repeats itself regularly in the print at relatively short intervals.<ref name="SPL">{{cite web |last1=Szołucha |first1=Bartosz |title=Nowe szaty WR-ki |trans-title=New Uniforms for WR-ki |url=http://www.special-ops.pl/artykul/id37,nowe-szaty-wr-ki |website=special-ops.pl |publisher=Medium Group |access-date=22 November 2016 |language=pl}}</ref> A woodland version referred to as ''Gepard'' has been used by the ''Agencja Bezpieczenstwa Wewnetrznego'' - ABW (Polish Internal Security Agency.){{sfnp|Larson|2021|pp=422}} A five-color desert version was also developed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polish Flecktarn Gepard Woodland CAMO |url=https://camohq.com/collections/polish-flecktarn-gepard-woodland-camo |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=CAMO HQ |language=en}}{{better source needed|date=September 2023}}</ref>

A flecktarn camo made by Kama is in use by the Implementation Department, Metropolitan Police Command, Warsaw Police.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|pp=423}}

=== Indonesia === In June 2022, Indonesia's ''Detasemen Khusus 88 Antiteror'' - DENSUS 88 AT (Police Counter-Terrorism Force) were seen wearing a flecktarn-influenced six-color camouflage uniform consisting of a tan base with three shades of green along with chocolate brown and near-black. The unit's Owl's Head logo is discretely incorporated in the pattern.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-03 |title=Indonesian Police DENSUS 88 AT Pattern |url=https://www.joint-forces.com/kit-camo/55281-indonesian-police-densus-88-at-pattern |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=Joint Forces News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Bulgaria === thumb|Bulgarian soldier with U.S. soldier in 2023 A semi-digitized version of the original German five-color pattern in post-2005 colors, designated ''M-18'', was adopted by the Bulgarian army in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.joint-forces.com/kit-camo/37322-m18-bulgarian-army-temperate-pattern |title=M18 Bulgarian Army Temperate Pattern |date=5 November 2020 |website=Joint Forces News}}</ref>

=== Yemen === The Special Security Forces of Yemen adopted a five-color digitalized pattern which could be said to resemble ''flecktarn'' but with darker colours similar to the pre-2005 colorway.{{citation needed|date=August 2025}}

=== France=== France's urban warfare training center, Centre d'entraînement aux actions en zone urbaine (CENZUB), located in Aisne, France outfits its trainees in a blue-dominant flecktarn pattern when taking place in OPFOR exercises. The pattern consists of white, grey, light-blue, purple, and brown <ref>{{cite web |url=https://iacmc.forumotion.com/t12731-centac-cenzub-la-forad-forces-adverses-permanente-blue-flecktarn-pattern |title=CENTAC/CENZUB - La FORAD (Forces adverses permanente) blue flecktarn pattern |date=14 September 2019 |website=IACMC Forum}}{{better source needed|date=August 2025}}</ref>

thumb|French soldier of the 13th RDP wears "Schneetarn" camo in snow The 13e Régiment de Dragons Parachutistes (13th RDP) of the French Army officially uses the commercially produced "Schneetarn" pattern marketed by Germany company TacGear in snow environments. This winter camouflage pattern is a derivative of Danish M84 camouflage pattern, incorporating black and olive green blotches on a pure white background.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zäch |first1=Sebastian |title=Schneetarn |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/bwde/!ut/p/z1/hVDBTsMwDP2aXeMQq2nLrRNCYlRjUMTWXFDWhrZQkipLW8TXk2gCTYgJW3qW_exn2SBgB0LLqWuk64yWvc9LwZ-XSf6Ys5Sxqw3j9Oa-KG4fMEa6iuAJtv-1CE_TM5ZRKGoFpdeIz2ncLREKECBqRSqjlQvolHadx8ZKZywZjHV9YEZrPUO6Gkq8wAgTphCReQwZ-siRIT11nsYcU85jhkkc-UC_PSx9lZP8-NGXVXgMlK3Uda82psqOhRWIpjf748cyvcekAWHVi7LKktH6cuvccLhc0AWd55k0xjR9OIeMbwv611BrDg52v3theL9O1uto-szV9gvWZbZq/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/#Z7_B8LTL2922DP260IQSSKR373OB3 |website=Bundeswehr (German Army) |access-date=28 February 2017}}{{failed verification|date=August 2025}}</ref>

=== Commercial variants === * In 2013, the German company Mil-Tec introduced a new version of ''Flecktarn'', called the ''Arid Flecktarn''. It retains the original five-color pattern but with the color scheme resembling that of MultiCam.<ref>{{cite web |title=M/84 udgave af "Multicam" kunne se sådan ud |trans-title=M/84 Camouflage Version of "MultiCam" Could Have Looked Like This |url=http://krigeren.dk/sadan-kunne-en-danske-udgave-af-multicam-have-set-ud/ |website=Krigeren.dk |date=10 February 2013 |access-date=21 January 2016 |language=da}}</ref> It remains a commercial variant and is not in use by any world military. * ''German Woodland'' is a commercially available copy of five-color flecktarn produced in China. The pattern is only a portion of the original Bundeswehr pattern and the green and brown screens have been inverted. On Alibaba and Aliexpress sites it is sometimes listed as ''flecktarn''. This Chinese copy has been used by some sections of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic as noted during the Osh ethnic clashes of 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kyrgyzstan Ends Curfew Amid UN Warning Of Risk Of Violence |language=en |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Kyrgyzstan_To_End_Curfew_Amid_UN_Warning_Of_Risk_Of_Violence/2082346.html |access-date=2023-06-13}}{{failed verification|date=September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-17 |title=Uzbeks say Kyrgyzstan army 'came to kill us' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna37746577 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214214801/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna37746577 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 December 2022 |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=NBC News |language=en}}{{failed verification|date=September 2023}}</ref>

<gallery> File:Austrian_Flecktarn_pattern.png|{{center|Austrian Flecktarnmuster}} File:Chinese Flecktarn.png|{{center|Chinese ''Tibetarn''}} File:Belgian Flecktarn.png|{{center|Belgian Flecktarn}} File:M84camo.jpeg|{{center|Danish M/84}} File:M01DKcamo.jpeg|{{center|Danish M/01}} File:French experiment Flecktarn.png|{{center|French Experimental Desert Flecktarn}} File:Flecktarn.jpg|{{center|German Flecktarn}} File:Tropentarn.png|{{center|German ''Tropentarn''}} File:Indian Flecktarn.png|{{center|Indian Flecktarn}} File:Japanese Flecktarn.png|{{center|Japanese ''Jieitai''}} File:Japanese Winter Flecktarn.png|{{center|Japanese Winter ''Jieitai''}} File:Japanese Desert Flecktarn.png|{{center|Japanese Desert ''Jieitai''}} File:Polish Urban Flecktarn.png|{{center|Polish Urban Flecktarn ''wz AT 1 PLAMIAK''}} File:Polish Woodland Flecktarn.png|{{center|Polish Woodland Flecktarn ''Gepard''}} File:Flectar-D.png|{{center|Russian ''Flectar-D''}} File:Vzor Flectarn.JPG|{{center|Chinese commercial "German Woodland"}} File:Arid Flecktarn.png|{{center|Commercial Arid Flecktarn}} File:M84Snow.jpg|{{center|Commercial ''Schneetarn'' snow camouflage}} </gallery>

==Users==   thumb|Ukrainian National Guard in 2015 wearing Bundeswehr military surplus

* {{flag|Austria}}: Used by EKO Cobra as helmet covers for their Ulbrichts AM-95 helmets.{{sfnp|Neville|2017|p=10}} * {{flag|Azerbaijan}}: Desert Flecktarn used.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran, Azerbaijan foreign ministers discuss ties on phone amid tensions {{!}} The Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/iran-azerbaijan-foreign-ministers-discuss-ties-on-phone-amid-tensions-681896 |access-date=14 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |date=14 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> * {{flag|Belgium}}: Flecktarn used by Belgian airbase security forces and was dropped in 2000.<ref name="UFPROFL"/> * {{flag|China}}: Clones made for PLA soldiers conducting training and border defense duties.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|pp=213}} * {{flag|Germany}}: Used by Bundeswehr.<ref name="BDWR">{{cite web |title=Uniformen der Bundeswehr |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/portal/poc/bwde?uri=ci%3Abw.bwde.multimedia.bildergalerien.dienstgrade&de.conet.contentintegrator.portlet.current.id=01DB170000000001%7C8WPALB845DIBR |website=Bundeswehr |access-date=22 August 2016 |language=de}}</ref> * {{flag|Georgia}}: Some used with Georgian troops in KFOR.<ref name="KNF">{{cite web |url=http://www.kamouflage.net/camouflage/00009.php |title=Bundeswehr Flecktarn |website=Kamouflage.net |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322205738/http://www.kamouflage.net/camouflage/00009.php |archive-date=22 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}: Asian variants used by Kyrgyz troops.{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=268}} * {{flag|Ukraine}}: Used by some divisions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine from special forces to airborne units,{{sfnp|Larson|2021|p=461}} including the Azov Regiment.{{sfnp|Galeotti|2019|p=56}}

===Non-state actors=== * Atomwaffen Division<ref>{{cite web |last1=Beckhusen |first1=Robert |title=Advocates of Neo-Nazi 'Lone Wolf' Terror Are Aiming to Exploit Charlottesville |url=https://warisboring.com/advocates-of-neo-nazi-lone-wolf-terror-are-aiming-to-exploit-charlottesville/ |website=War Is Boring |access-date=26 September 2018 |date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211115824/https://warisboring.com/advocates-of-neo-nazi-lone-wolf-terror-are-aiming-to-exploit-charlottesville/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023}}</ref> * 22px Kosovo Liberation Army<ref name="KNF"/> * Republican Resistance or Óglaigh na hÉireann (ÓnaÉ)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ansionnachfionn.com/2016/08/10/the-oglaigh-na-heireann-propaganda-demonstration-in-derry/ |title=The Óglaigh na hÉireann Propaganda Demonstration in Derry |date=10 August 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212193033/https://ansionnachfionn.com/2016/08/10/the-oglaigh-na-heireann-propaganda-demonstration-in-derry/ |archive-date=December 12, 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}}{{sfnp|Crowther|2022|p=67}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite book |last=Crowther |first=Edward |year=2022 |title=War in Ukraine: Volume 1: Armed Formations of the Donetsk People's Republic, 2014–2022 |publisher=Helion and Company |isbn=978-1915070661}} * {{Cite book |last=Dougherty |first=Martin |year=2017 |title=Camouflage at War: An Illustrated Guide from 1914 to the Present Day |location=London |publisher=Amber Books |isbn=978-1782744986}} * {{cite book |last=Galeotti |first=Mark |year=2019 |title=Armies of Russia's War in Ukraine |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1472833440}} * {{cite book |last1=Larson |first1=Eric H. |date=2021 |title=Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017 |location=Barnsley |publisher=Pen & Sword |isbn=9781526739537}} * {{cite book |last1=Neville |first1=Leigh |date= 2017 |title= European Counter-Terrorist Units 1972–2017 |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1472825278 }}

== External links == * {{Commons category-inline}}

Category:Camouflage patterns Category:German military uniforms Category:Military equipment of Germany Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1990s