{{Short description|none}} {{Use American English|date=March 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox U.S. impeachment inquiry | title= First impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson | image = | image_size = | caption = | accused = Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States | period = January 7 – November 25, 1867 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|1867|01|06|1867|11|25}}) | outcome = Impeachment inquiry completed; Judiciary Committee recommended impeachment; recommendation rejected by full House vote | committee = Judiciary | committee_chair = James F. Wilson | accusations = {{ubl|High crimes and misdemeanors}} | header_votes = Congressional votes | vote2 = House vote authorizing the inquiry | votes_favor2 = 108 | votes_against2 = 39 | result2 = Approved | vote3 = First vote by the House Judiciary Committee an impeachment resolution | votes_favor3 = 4 | votes_against3 = 5 | result3 = Rejected | vote4 = Final vote by the House Judiciary Committee on the impeachment resolution | votes_favor4 = 5 | votes_against4 = 4 | result4 = Approved | vote5 = Subsequent House vote on the impeachment resolution | votes_favor5 = 57 | votes_against5 = 108 | result5 = Rejected }} {{Andrew Johnson series}}
The '''first impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson''' was launched by a vote of the United States House of Representatives on January 7, 1867, to investigate the potential impeachment of the President of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was run by the House Committee on the Judiciary.
The vote authorizing the inquiry was viewed as giving Republicans an opportunity to register their disdain for Johnson without formally impeaching him. Most congressmen had expected that the sentiments in House Committee on the Judiciary would side against impeachment. However, surprising many, the committee voted 5–4 on November 25, 1867, to recommend impeachment (after having held a preliminary vote against it months prior). Despite this recommendation, the House voted 57–108 on December 7, 1867, against impeaching Johnson, with more Republicans voting against impeachment than for it.
This impeachment inquiry preceded the second impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson (launched in January 1868), which played a role in the lead-up to Johnson's impeachment on February 24, 1868.
==Background== {{main|Efforts to impeach Andrew Johnson}} Some Radical Republicans had entertained the thought of impeaching President Andrew Johnson since as early as 1866.<ref name="BuildingtheCase">{{cite web |title=Building the Case for Impeachment, December 1866 to June 1867 |url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/Building-the-Case-for-Impeachment/ |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=2 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> However, the Republican Party was divided on the prospect of impeachment, with moderates in the party, who held a plurality, widely opposing it at this point.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> The radicals were more in favor of impeachment, as their plans for strong reform in reconstruction were greatly imperiled by Johnson.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> Among of the first Radical Republicans to explore impeachment was House Territories Committee chairman James Mitchell Ashley. Ashley was convinced of a baseless conspiracy theory that faulted Johnson for involvement in conspiring in the assassination of Lincoln. Thus, Ashley had strong personal motivation for wanting to remove Johnson from office.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> Ashley quietly began researching impeachment.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> Federal impeachment was rare in the United States.<ref name="Wineapple12"/>
Several attempts were made by Radical Republicans to initiate impeachment, but these were successfully rebuffed by moderate Republicans in party leadership.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> After the December 1866 meeting of the House Republican caucus, in an effort to block any further efforts to impeach Johnson, the moderate Republicans leading the party's caucus passed a rule for the Republican caucus which required that both a majority of House Republicans and a majority of members on the House Committee on the Judiciary would be required to approve any measure regarding impeachment in party caucus prior to it being considered in the House.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="Benedict">{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=Michael Les |title=From Our Archives: A New Look at the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=1998 |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=493–511 |doi=10.2307/2658078 |jstor=2658078 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2658078.pdf |access-date=2 March 2021 |issn=0032-3195}}</ref> Radical Republicans continued to seek Johnson's impeachment.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> They disobeyed the rule put in place for the Republican caucus.<ref name="Benedict"/> Radicals proposed a number of impeachment resolutions, which the moderate Republicans often stifled by referring to committees.<ref name="Benedict"/>
By the start of the year 1867, on a daily basis, Congress was receiving petitions demanding the removal of Johnson. These petitions came primarily from the Midwestern states. The petitions were the result of an organized campaign to demand Johnson's removal. The number of signatures on these petitions varied, as some had as few as three signatures, while other petitions had as many as three hundred signatures.<ref name="Stewart"/>
By the December 1866 start of the lame-duck third session of the 39th Congress, a number of Radical Republicans were demanding the creation of a select committee to investigate the prospect of impeaching Johnson, but this still faced resistance within the Republican Party caucus.<ref name="Stewart"/> On December 17, 1866, James Mitchell Ashley attempted to open a house impeachment inquiry, but his motion to suspend the rules to consider his resolution saw a vote of 88–49, which was short of the needed two-thirds majority to suspend the rules.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Current Gossip. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/50425364 |publisher=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=31 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=18 December 1866}}</ref> Nevertheless, Ashley agreed with Thaddeus Stevens to again bring an impeachment resolution before the full House.<ref name="Stewart"/>
==House passage of the resolution authorizing the inquiry== [[File:James Mitchell Ashley - Brady-Handy (square).jpg|thumb|The resolution authorizing the impeachment inquiry was authored by James Mitchell Ashley]]
On January 7, 1867, Benjamin F. Loan, John R. Kelso, and James Mitchell Ashley each introduced three separate impeachment resolutions against Johnson. The House refused to hold debate or vote on either Loan or Kelso's resolutions.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> However, they did allow a vote on Ashley's impeachment-related resolution.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> Unlike the other two impeachment bills introduced that day (which would have outright impeached Johnson), Ashley's bill offered a specific outline of how an impeachment process would proceed, and it did not start with an immediate impeachment. Rather than going to a direct vote on impeaching the president, his resolution would instruct the Judiciary Committee to "inquire into the official conduct of Andrew Johnson", investigating what it called Johnson's "corruptly used" powers and "usurpation of power", including Johnson's political appointments, use of his pardon powers (alluding to his pardons for ex-Confederates), vetoes of legislation, selling of confiscated property, and alleged interference with elections.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="househistory1"/><ref name="CRS1998a"/><ref name="Stewart"/> While it gave the general charge of "high crimes and misdemeanors" and named numerous instances of alleged corruption, Ashley's resolution did not specify what the high crimes and misdemeanors Johnson had committed were.<ref name="Ross1"/> The grievances listed in the resolution amounted largely to political grievances which Ashley had against Johnson.<ref name="Stathis">{{cite journal |last1=Stathis |first1=Stephen W. |title=Impeachment and Trial of President Andrew Johnson: A View from the Iowa Congressional Delegation |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |date=1994 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=29–47 |jstor=27551191 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551191 |access-date=13 September 2022 |issn=0360-4918}}</ref>
The resolution read, {{blockquote|I do impeach Andrew Johnson, Vice President and acting President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors:<br>I charge him with a usurpation of power and violation of law:<br>In that he has corruptly used the appointing power;<br>In that he has corruptly used the pardoning power;<br>In that he has corruptly used the veto power;<br>In that he has corruptly disposed of public property of the United States;<br>In that he has corruptly interfered in elections, and committed acts which, in contemplation of the Constitution, are high crimes and misdemeanors:<br>Therefore,<br>''Be it resolved'', That the Committee on the Judiciary be, and they are hereby, authorized to inquire into the official conduct of Andrew Johnson, Vice President of the United States, discharging the powers and duties of the office of President of the United States, and to report to this House, whether, in their opinion, the said Andrew Johnson, while in said office, has been guilty of acts which are designed or calculated to overthrow, subvert, or corrupt the Government of the United States, or any department or office thereof; and whether the said Andrew Johnson has been guilty of any act, or has conspired with others to do acts, which, in contemplation of the Constitution, are high crimes and misdemeanors, requiring the interposition of the constitutional power of this House; and that said committee have power to send for persons and papers, and to administer the customary oath to witnesses.<ref name="Ross1">{{cite book |title=History of the Impeachment Of Andrew Johnson President Of The United States |last=Ross |first=Edmond G.|date=1868 |chapter=Chapter IV. – First Attempt to Impeach the President |publisher=Project Gutenberg |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2442/2442-h/2442-h.htm}}</ref><ref name="journal111-112">{{cite book |title=Journal of the United States House of Representatives Being The Second Session of the Thirty-Ninth Congress; Begun and Held at the City of Washington, D. C. December 3, 1866 in the Ninety-First Year of the Independence of the United States |pages=121–122 |url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/64/0#page/121/mode/2up |website=voteview.com |publisher=Government Printy Office |access-date=16 March 2022 |date=1867}}</ref>}}
The resolution passed in the House 108–39.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="journal111-112"/><ref name="vote1"/> It was seen as offering Republicans a chance to register their displeasure with Johnson, without actually formally impeaching him.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> Many Republicans believed that, in the Judiciary Committee, any impeachment resolution would die a quiet death.<ref name="Wineapple12">{{cite book |last1=Wineapple |first1=Brenda |title=The impeachers : The Trial of Andrew Johnson and The Dream of a Just Nation |chapter=Twelve: Tenure of Office |date=2019 |location=New York |isbn=9780812998368 |edition=First}}</ref> Of the 108 members of the House that are recording as having voted in favor of the resolution, 1 was a Democrat, 99 were Republicans, and 7 were Unconditional Unionists, 1 was an independent Republican. Of the 6 to vote against it, 25 were Democrats, 6 were Republicans, 3 were Unconditional Unionists, and 5 were Unionists.<ref name="vote1"/> 44 members of congress were absent (14 Democrats, 28 Republicans, 2 and Unconditional Unionists). Additionally, Speaker Schuyler Colfax (a Republican) did not vote,<ref name="vote1"/> as House rules do not require the speaker to vote during ordinary legislative proceedings, unless their vote would be decisive or if the vote is being cast by ballot.<ref name="rule1"/>
The official record shows Democrat John Winthrop Chanler as voting in favor of the resolution (thus, this article lists him as having voted so).<ref name="vote1"/> However, the ''New-York Tribune'', following the vote, strongly suspected that this was a clerical error.<ref>{{cite web |title=XXXIX Congress-Second Session |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/85344380 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=New-York Tribune |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=January 8, 1867}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=9 style="background:#f5f5f5" | Vote on the impeachment inquiry resolution<ref name="journal111-112"/><ref name="vote1">{{cite web |title=TO PASS A RESOLUTION TO IMPEACH THE PRESIDENT. (P. 320-2, … – House Vote #418 – Jan 7, 1867 |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/39-2/h418 |website=GovTrack.us |access-date=23 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan=2 | January 7, 1867 ! colspan=5 | Party ! rowspan=2 | Total votes |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! style="background:#b0ceff;"| Democratic ! style="background:#ffb6b6;"| Republican ! Unconditional Union ! Unionists ! Independent Republican |- | style="width: 10em; background:#F5F5F5" | '''Yea'''{{nbsp}}{{check mark|color=black|14}} | style="width: 7em;" | '''1''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''99''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''7''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''0''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''1''' | style="width: 7em; background:#F5F5F5" | '''108''' |- | style="width: 10em; style="background:#F5F5F5" | Nay | style="width: 7em;" | 25 | style="width: 7em;" | 6 | style="width: 7em;" | 3 | style="width: 7em;" | 5 | style="width: 7em;" | 0 | style="background:#F5F5F5" | 39 |}
{{Bar chart | title = Comparative bar chart | label_type = Vote | data_type = Vote total | bar_width = 25 | width_units = em | data_max = 108 | label1 = "Yea" votes | data1 = 108 | label2 = "Nay" votes | data2 = 39 | label3 = Absent/not voting | data3 = 45 }}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+ Full list of votes<ref name="vote1"/> |- ! District ! Member ! colspan=2 | Party ! Vote |- | {{ushr|MA|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Alley, John B." | '''John B. Alley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Allison, William B." | '''William B. Allison''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Ames, Okes" | '''Oakes Ames''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Acona, Sydenham Elnathan" | '''Sydenham Elnathan Ancona''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Anderson, George Washington" | '''George Washington Anderson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|TN|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Arnell, Samuel Mayes" | '''Samuel Mayes Arnell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|NV|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Ashley, Delos R." | '''Delos R. Ashley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Ashley, James Mitchell" | '''James Mitchell Ashley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Baker, Jehu" | '''Jehu Baker''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Baldwin, John Denison" | '''John Denison Baldwin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Banks, Nathaniel P." | '''Nathaniel P. Banks''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|17|X}} | data-sort-value="Barker, Abraham Andrews" | '''Abraham Andrews Barker''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|VT|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Baxter, Portus" | '''Portus Baxter''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Beaman, Fermando C." | '''Fernando C. Beaman''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MO|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Benjamin, John F." | '''John F. Benjamin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Bergen, Teunis" | '''Teunis G. Bergen''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|CA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Bidwell, John" | '''John Bidwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|16|X}} | data-sort-value="Bingham, John" | '''John Bingham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|ME|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Blaine, James G." | '''James G. Blaine''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MO|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Blow, Henry Taylor" | '''Henry Taylor Blow''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|MA|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Boutwell, George S." | '''George S. Boutwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Boyer, Benjamin Markley" | '''Benjamin Markley Boyer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|CT|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Brandegee, Augustus" | '''Augustus Brandegee''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Bromwell, Henry P. H." | '''Henry P. H. Bromwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Broomall, John Martin" | '''John Martin Broomall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Buckland, Ralph Pomeroy" | '''Ralph Pomeroy Buckland''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Bundy, Bezekiah S.." | '''Hezekiah S. Bundy''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|TN|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Campbell, William B." | '''William B. Campbell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unionist | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Chanler, John Winthrop" | '''John Winthrop Chanler''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Clarke, Reader W." | '''Reader W. Clarke''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|KS|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Clarke, Sidney" | '''Sidney Clarke''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Cobb, Amasa" | '''Amasa Cobb''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|21|X}} | data-sort-value="Conkling, Roscoe" | '''Roscoe Conkling''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IN|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Colfax, Schuyler" | '''Schuyler Colfax''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Did not vote (speaker){{ref|Alpha|α}} |- | {{ushr|IL|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Cook, Burton C." | '''Burton C. Cook''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|TN|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Cooper, Edmund" | '''Edmund Cooper''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unionist | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Cullom, Shelby Moore" | '''Shelby Moore Cullom''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|20|X}} | data-sort-value="Culver, Charles Vernon" | '''Charles Vernon Culver''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Darling, William Augustus" | '''William Augustus Darling''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|23|X}} | data-sort-value="Davis, Thomas Treadwell" | '''Thomas Treadwell Davis''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Dawes, Henry | '''Henry Dawes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|PA|21|X}} | data-sort-value="Dawson, John Littleton" | '''John Littleton Dawson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IN|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Defrees, Joseph H." | '''Joseph H. Defrees''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Delano, Columbus" | '''Columbus Delano''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|CT|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Deming, Henry" | '''Henry Deming''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Denison, Charles" | '''Charles Denison''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|RI|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Dixon, Nathan F. II" | '''Nathan F. Dixon II''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Dodge, William" | '''William E. Dodge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MN|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Donnelly, Ignatius L." | '''Ignatius L. Donnelly''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Driggs, John F." | '''John F. Driggs''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Dumont, Ebenezer" | '''John F. Driggs''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|OH|17|X}} | data-sort-value="Eckley, Ephraim R." | '''Ephraim R. Eckley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Egleeston, Benjamin" | '''Benjamin Eggleston''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|WI|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Eldredge, Charles A.| '''Charles A. Eldredge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Eliot, Thomas D." | '''Thomas D. Eliot''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IL|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Farnsworth, John F." | '''John F. Farnsworth''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Farquhar, John" | '''John Hanson Farquhar''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Ferry, Thomas W." | '''Thomas W. Ferry''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Finck, William E.." | '''William E. Finck''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|19|X}} | data-sort-value="Garfield, James A. | '''James A. Garfield''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|15|X}} | data-sort-value="Glossbrenner, Adam John" | '''Adam John Glossbrenner''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|14|X}} | data-sort-value="Goodyear, Charles" | '''Charles Goodyear''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Grinell, Josiah Bushnell" | '''Josiah Bushnell Grinnell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|15|X}} | data-sort-value="Griswold, John Augustus" | '''John Augustus Griswold''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|16|X}} | data-sort-value="Hale, Robert S." | '''Robert S. Hale''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|KY|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Harding, Aaron" | '''Aaron Harding''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Harding, Abner C." | '''Abner C. Harding''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Harris, Benjamin Grwinn" | '''Benjamin Gwinn Harris''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|28|X}} | data-sort-value="Hart, Roswell| '''Roswell Hart''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|TN|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Hawkins, Isaac Roberts| '''Isaac Roberts Hawkins''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unionist | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Hayes, Rutherford B.| '''Rutherford B. Hayes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OR|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Henderson, James Henry Dickey | '''James Henry Dickey Henderson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|CA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Higby, William" | '''William Higby''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Hill, Ralph" | '''Ralph Hill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|KY|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Hise, Elijah" | '''Elijah Hise''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Hogan, John" | '''John Hogan''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|22|X}} | data-sort-value="Holmes, Sidney" | '''Sidney Holmes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Hooper, Samuel" | '''Samuel Hooper''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|26|X}} | data-sort-value="Hotchkiss, Giles" | '''Giles Hotchkiss''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IA|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard, Asahel W." | '''Asahel W. Hubbard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|WV|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard Chester D.." | '''Chester D. Hubbard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|19|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard, Demas Jr." | '''Demas Hubbard Jr.''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|CT|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard, John Henry" | '''John Henry Hubbard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbell, Edwin N." | '''Edwin N. Hubbell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|OH|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbell, James Randolph" | '''James Randolph Hubbell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|17|X}} | data-sort-value="Hulburd, Calvin T." | '''Calvin T. Hulburd''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|30|X}} | data-sort-value="Humphrey, James M." | '''James M. Humphrey''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Hunter, John W." | '''John W. Hunter''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Ingersoll, Ebnon C." | '''Ebon C. Ingersoll''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|RI|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Jenckes, Thomas | '''Thomas Jenckes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Johnson, Philip" | '''Philip Johnson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Jones, Morgan" | '''Morgan Jones''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IN|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Julian, George Washington| '''George Washington Julian''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IA|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Kasson, John A.| '''John A. Kasson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Kelley, William D.| '''William D. Kelley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MO|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Kelso, John| '''John R. Kelso''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Independent Republican (US)}}" | | Independent Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Kerr, Michael C." | '''Michael C. Kerr''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Ketcham, John H." | '''John H. Ketcham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|16|X}} | data-sort-value="Koontz, William" | '''William Koontz''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IL|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Kuykendall, Andrew J." | '''Andrew J. Kuykendall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|20|X}} | data-sort-value="Laflin, Addison" | '''Addison H. Laflin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|WV|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Latham, George R." | '''George R. Latham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|24|X}} | data-sort-value="Lawrence, George Van Eman" | '''George Van Eman Lawrence''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Lawrence, William" | '''William Lawrence''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Le Blond, Francis Celeste" | '''Francis Celeste Le Blond''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|TN|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Leftwich, John W." | '''John W. Leftwich''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unionist | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Loan, Benjamin F." | '''Benjamin F. Loan''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Longyear, John W." | '''John W. Longyear''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|ME|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Lynch, John" | '''John Lynch''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Marshall, Samuel S." | '''Samuel S. Marshall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NH|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Marston, Gilman" | '''Gilman Marston''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|18|X}} | data-sort-value="Marvin, James M." | '''James M. Marvin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|TN|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Maynard, Horance" | '''Horace Maynard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|MO|5|X}} | data-sort-value="McClurg, Joseph W." | '''Joseph W. McClurg''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|1|X}} | data-sort-value="McCullough, Hiram" | '''Hiram McCullough''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WI|6|X}} | data-sort-value="McIndoe, Walter D.." | '''Walter D. McIndoe''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|KY|9|X}} | data-sort-value="McKee, Samuel" | '''Samuel McKee''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|CA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="McRuer, Donald C." | '''Donald C. McRuer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Mercur, Ulysses" | '''Ulysses Mercur''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|14|X}} | data-sort-value="Miller, George Funston" | '''George Funston Miller''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|22|X}} | data-sort-value="Moorhead, James K." | '''James K. Moorhead''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|VT|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Morrill, Justin Smith" | '''Justin Smith Morrill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|25|X}} | data-sort-value="Morris, Daniel" | '''Daniel Morris''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IL|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Moulton, Samuel Wheeler" | '''Samuel Wheeler Moulton''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Myers, Leonard" | '''Leonard Myers''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NJ|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Newell, William A." | '''William A. Newell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IN|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Niblack, William E." | '''William E. Niblack''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|DE|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Nicholson, John A." | '''John A. Nicholson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Noel, Thomas E." | '''Thomas E. Noell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="O'Neill, Charles" | '''Charles O'Neill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Orth, Godlove Stein" | '''Godlove Stein Orth''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Paine, Halbert E." | '''Halbert E. Paine''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NH|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Patterson, James W.." | '''James W. Patterson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|ME|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Perham, Sidney" | '''Sidney Perham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Phelps, Charles E." | '''Charles E. Phelps''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|ME|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Pike, Frederick Augustus" | '''Frederick Augustus Pike''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|15|X}} | data-sort-value="Plants, Tobais A." | '''Tobias A. Plants''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|24|X}} | data-sort-value="Pomeroy, Theodore M." | '''Theodore M. Pomeroy''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Price, Hiram" | '''Hiram Price''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Radford, William" | '''William Radford''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|PA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Randall, Samuel J." | '''Samuel J. Randall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|KY|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Randall, William H." | '''William H. Randall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Raymond, Henry Jarvis" | '''Henry Jarvis Raymond''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Rice, Alexander H." | '''Alexander H. Rice''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|ME|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Rice, John H." | '''John H. Rice''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|KY|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Ritter, Burwell" | '''Burwell Ritter''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NJ|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Rogers, Andrew J." | '''Andrew J. Rogers''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NH|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Rollins, Edward H." | '''Edward H. Rollins''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IL|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Ross, Lewis W." | '''Lewis Winans Ross''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|KY|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Rousseau, Lovell." | '''Lovell Rousseau''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Sawyer, Philetus" | '''Philetus Sawyer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Scnenck, Robert C." | '''Robert C. Schenck''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|19|X}} | data-sort-value="Scofield, Glenni William" | '''Glenni William Scofield''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|KY|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Shanklin, George S." | '''George S. Shanklin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Shellabarger, Samuel" | '''Samuel Shellabarger''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NJ|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Sitgreaves, Charles" | '''Charles Sitgreaves''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|WI|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Sloan, Ithaamr" | '''Ithamar Sloan''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|OH|18|X}} | data-sort-value="Spalding, Rufus P." | '''Rufus P. Spalding''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NJ|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Starr, John F." | '''John F. Starr''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Stevens, Thaddeus" | '''Thaddeus Stevens''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Stilwell, Thomas N." | '''Thomas N. Stilwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|TN|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Stokes, William Brickly" | '''William Brickly Stokes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Strouse, Myer" | '''Myer Strouse''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Taber, Stephen" | '''Stephen Taber''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|TN|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Taylor, Nathaniel Green" | '''Nathaniel Green Taylor''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unionist | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Taylor, Nelson" | '''Nelson Taylor''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Thayer, Martin Russell" | '''Martin Russell Thayer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Thomas, Francis" | '''Francis Thomas''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Thomas, John Lewis Jr." | '''John Lewis Thomas Jr.''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Thornton, Anthony" | '''Anthony Thornton''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|KY|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Trimble, Larence S." | '''Lawrence S. Trimble''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MI|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Trowbridge, Rowland E." | '''Rowland E. Trowbridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Upson, Charles" | '''Charles Upson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|31|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Aernam, Henry" | '''Henry Van Aernam''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|29|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Horn, Burt" | '''Burt Van Horn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|MO|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Horn, Robert T." | '''Robert T. Van Horn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|KY|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Ward, Andrew H." | '''Andrew H. Ward''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|27|X}} | data-sort-value="Ward, Hamilton" | '''Hamilton Ward''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|CT|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Warner, Samuel L." | '''Samuel L. Warner''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburn, Henry D." | '''Henry D. Washburn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburn, William B." | '''William B. Washburn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IL|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburne, Elihu B." | '''Elihu B. Washburne''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|14|X}} | data-sort-value="Welker, Martin" | '''Martin Welker''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Wentworth, John" | '''John Wentworth''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WV|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Whaley, Kellian | '''Kellian Whaley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Unconditional Unionist Party (US)}}" | | Unconditional Union | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|23|X}} | data-sort-value="Williams, Thomas" | '''Thomas Williams''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, James F." | '''James F. Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|18|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, Stephen Fowler" | '''Stephen Fowler Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MN|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Windom, William" | '''William Windom''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Winfield, Charles H." | '''Charles H. Winfield''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|VT|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Woodbridge, Frederick E." | '''Frederick E. Woodbridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NJ|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Wright, Edwin R. V." | '''Edwin R. V. Wright''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | data-sort-value="z" colspan=6|Notes:<br>{{note|Alpha|α}} Schuyler Colfax was serving as Speaker of the House. Per House rules, "the Speaker is not required to vote in ordinary legislative proceedings, except when such vote would be decisive or when the House is engaged in voting by ballot."<ref name="rule1"/> |} {{Clear}}
==Inquiry== The resulting inquiry lasted eleven months, saw 89 witnesses interviewed, and saw 1,200 pages of testimony compiled.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Osborne |first1=John |title=The Fortieth Congress strongly rejects its Judiciary Committee's recommendation to President Johnson. {{!}} House Divided |url=http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/47758 |website=hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu |publisher=House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College |access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref> Among those that appeared before the House Committee on the Judiciary as part of the inquiry were John Covode (who urged impeachment)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dodds |first1=A. John |title=HONEST JOHN COVODE |url=https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/download/1641/1489 |access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref> Joseph Scott Fullerton,<ref name="Wineapple12"/><ref>{{cite web |title=IMPEACHMENT INVESTIGRATION |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/465981055 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=2 June 2021 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=30 Mar 1867}}</ref> Joseph S. Fowler, Edwin Stanton, Lafayette C. Baker,<ref name="Ross1"/> William Barclay Napton, Rufus Saxton, and Thomas W. Conway,<ref name="Wineapple12"/> and Jeremiah S. Black.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=William A. |title=More Light on Andrew Johnson |journal=The American Historical Review |date=1906 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=574–594 |doi=10.2307/1836023 |jstor=1836023 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1836023 |access-date=14 September 2022 |issn=0002-8762|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Included among those interviewed were men pardoned by Johnson and men he had fired.<ref name="Wineapple12"/> John Evans and Jerome B. Chaffee gave testimony related to Johnson's veto of a bill for the admission of Colorado as a state.<ref name="Reports1"/>
President Johnson was reported to have been angered by the authorization of the inquiry.<ref name="Wineapple12"/> He kept secret tabs on the inquiry through the Pinkerton Detective Agency.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> Per the findings of ''Hinds’ Precedents of the House of Representatives'', it does not appear that Johnson sought to be represented by counsel before the committee during the inquiry.<ref name="hinds"/>
===Members of House Committee on the Judiciary during the inquiry=== ====39th Congress==== In the 39th Congress the House Committee on the Judiciary consisted of seven Republicans, one Democrat, and one Unconditional Unionist.
{| class=wikitable !Colspan=3|Members of the House Committee on the Judiciary during the 39th United States Congress<ref name="Ross1"/><ref name="Party1"/> |- ! Republican Party ! Democratic Party ! Unconditional Union Party |- | valign=top {{Party shading/Republican}}| *James F. Wilson, Iowa '''(committee chair)''' *George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts *Burton C. Cook, Illinois *William Lawrence, Ohio *Daniel Morris, New York *Thomas Williams, Pennsylvania *Frederick E. Woodbridge, Vermont
| valign=top {{Party shading/Democratic}}| *Sydenham Elnathan Ancona, Pennsylvania
| valign=top| *Francis Thomas, Maryland |}
====40th Congress==== In the 40th Congress, the House Committee on the Judiciary consisted of seven Republicans and two Democrats. All of the committee members from the previous Congress returned to the committee for the 40th Congress, with the two exceptions of Democrat Sydenham Elnathan Ancona and Republican Daniel Morris, who had both departed the United States House of Representatives. In their place were two new committee members, Democrat Charles A. Eldredge and Samuel S. Marshall and Republican John C. Churchill. Committee member Francis Thomas, who had been elected to the previous congress as a member of the Unconditional Union Party, was now elected to the 40th Congress as a member of the Republican Party.
{| class=wikitable !Colspan=3|Members of the House Committee on the Judiciary during the 40th United States Congress<ref name="hinds"/> |- ! Republican Party ! Democratic Party |- | valign=top {{Party shading/Republican}}| *James F. Wilson, Iowa '''(committee chair)''' *George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts *John C. Churchill, New York *William Lawrence, Ohio *Francis Thomas, Maryland *Thomas Williams, Pennsylvania *Frederick E. Woodbridge, Vermont
| valign=top {{Party shading/Democratic}}| *Charles A. Eldredge, Wisconsin *Samuel S. Marshall, Illinois |}
===Initial investigation during the 39th Congress=== To comply with Ashley's impeachment resolution, the Judiciary Committee began to slowly conduct an impeachment inquiry, gathering evidence from witnesses in closed sessions.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="Wineapple12"/><ref name="BenedictJSTOR">{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=Michael Les |title=From Our Archives: A New Look at the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=1998 |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=493–511 |doi=10.2307/2658078 |jstor=2658078 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2658078.pdf |issn=0032-3195}}</ref>
On January 14, 1867, the resolution that had been proposed by Benjamin F. Loan on the inquiry was established was finally debated by the full House. Loan gave a long speech to the House in which he used language that was largely interpreted as accusing Johnson of complicity in the assassination of President Lincoln, and which further accused him of participation in a conspiracy to capture the United States Government in the interest of those involved in the southern secession. The resolution was again considered on January 28 and February 4 due to a motion by Thomas Jenckes to refer the resolution to the Committee on the Judiciary. This motion to refer Loan's resolution to the committee already tasked with addressing a prospective impeachment was ultimately agreed to by the House.<ref name="hinds"/><ref name="Clerk">{{Cite web| title=The House Impeaches Andrew Johnson| url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/Johnson-Impeached/| publisher=Office of the Historian and the Clerk of the House's Office of Art and Archives| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=January 13, 2021}}</ref>
The allegations of misconduct given in the testimony taken by the committee was largely unsupported by evidence. The committee investigated a myriad of allegations against Johnson. Among the matters investigated and for which testimony was taken was the question of whether Johnson played a role in the removal of eighteen missing pages from Lincoln assassin John Wilkes Booth's personal journal.<ref name="Stewart"/><ref name="Wineapple12"/> It was speculated whether these pages might have implicated Johnson in the conspiracy behind the assassination. Another allegation investigated was that Johnson had used intimidation or patronage appointments as influence to prevent the admission of the Colorado territory as a state. The committee also investigated whether Johnson had provided pardons to deserters from West Virginia. It also investigated whether or not the commission for the United States' minister to Sweden had been correctly issued. Another matter investigated was the New Orleans massacre of 1866. Also investigated were allegations of fraud in New York City related to import taxes. One allegation investigated (that Johnson had asked the attorney general of the United States whether he believed the Congress was perhaps illegitimate due to the lack of representation for unreconstructed southern states) turned out to be a story fabricated by a journalist.<ref name="Stewart"/>
The early hearings by the Judiciary Committee were an outlandish affair and were unsuccessful in providing substantive testimony of malfeasance.<ref name="Meachem1"/> The Judiciary Committee's first closed-door hearings had been held February 6, 1867, with testimony from Detective Lafayette C. Baker. Baker was famous for having tracked John Wilkes Booth down after Booth assassinated President Lincoln. Baker's testimony set the tone for the series of evidence-devoid allegations that would be delivered in various testimonies, with Baker implication Johnson in several crimes without providing any evidence. He first implicated Johnson in treason, testifying of a wartime letter that he claimed he had once came into possession of on a date he could not recall (but no longer held possession of) which he alleged had been sent from Johnson to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Baker did not know the contents of the letter. He also declined to disclose who he had received the letter from. However, he testified that he believed that the letter's existence implied that Johnson would "go with" the Confederates. Baker next implicated Johnson with, among other things, involvement with prostitution and bribery. Baker testified about Lucy Cobb, "a disreputable woman, or, in other words, woman of the town" (prostitute), who he had prevented from visiting the White House the previous year. He testified that had disclosed to him that Johnson had secret methods for communicating with "his friends in the South" and that she was herself involved in a trade of selling presidential pardons to confederates.<ref name="Stewart"/><ref name="Meachem1">{{cite book |last1=Meacham |first1=Jon |last2=Naftali |first2=Timothy |last3=Baker |first3=Peter |last4=Engel |first4=Jeffrey A. |title=Impeachment : an American history |date=2018 |location=New York |isbn=978-1984853783 |pages=62–64 |edition=2018 Modern Library |chapter=Ch. 1, Andrew Johnson (by John Meachem)}}</ref>
The committee investigated whether Johnson had improper connections to southerners that had been sold back railroad assets that had been seized by the Union Army during the Civil War. The possibility that corrupt personal favoritism by Johnson had been involved in these sales was explored. However, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton (well-regarded by Radical Republicans) took responsibility for these sales. Stanton told the committee that he believed the sales were justified because the federal government did not have the know-how needed to successfully run the railroads and the nation's post-war economic recovery required that the railroads be placed into the management of individuals who had the knowledge to successfully operate them.<ref name="Stewart"/>
The Judiciary Committee ran out of time to complete its inquiry, with the 39th Congress expiring, However, the committee ruled that they had received "sufficient testimony" to continue their investigation in the new 40th Congress.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> March 2, 1867, two days before the end of the 39th congress, the committee recommended that the matter be further reviewed in the next congress, with committee member James F. Wilson presenting this recommendation to the whole of congress.<ref name="CRS1998a">{{cite web |last1=Stathis |first1=Stephen W. |last2=Huckabee |first2=David C. |title=Congressional Resolutions on Presidential Impeachment: A Historical Overview |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/98-763.pdf |website=sgp.fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service |access-date=20 March 2022 |date=September 16, 1998}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Congressional Globe Vol. 37 |date=1867 |publisher=United States Congress |pages=1754 and 1755 |url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=lGQ9AQAAMAAJ |access-date=22 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The full House was then read the committee's majority report which argued that, in the expiring hours of the 39th congress, no affirmative report could be properly considered, and opined that it was "inexpedient to submit any conclusion," with the committee having not fully investigated all charges against the president.<ref name="Ross1"/> This report had been approved by the committee's Republican chairman James F. Wilson, as well as Republican committee members George S. Boutwell, Burton C. Cook, William Lawrence, Daniel Morris, Thomas Williams, and Frederick E. Woodbridge and Unconditional Unionist committee member Francis Thomas.<ref name="Ross1"/><ref name="Party1">{{cite web |title=49th Congress (1865–1867) > Representatives |url=https://www.voteview.com/congress/house/39 |website=www.voteview.com |access-date=24 March 2022}}</ref> The sole Democratic committee member, Sydenham Elnathan Ancona, submitted a minority report against a continuation of the inquiry. Both reports were ordered printed and laid on the table.<ref name="Ross1"/>
===40th Congress' renewal of the inquiry=== The 40th Congress consented to the recommendation that the Judiciary Committee made near the end of the 39th Congress, and ordered the committee to continue its inquiry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Johnson's Impeachment {{!}} House Divided |url=http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/36584 |website=hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu |publisher=House Divided: The Civil War Research Engine at Dickinson College |access-date=13 March 2021}}</ref> At the start of the 40th Congress, Congressman Benjamin Buter unsuccessfully urged the Republican caucus to create a special panel to continue the impeachment inquiry. But Congressman James Mitchell Ashley managed to successfully have the inquiry continue in the Judiciary Committee.<ref name="Stewart">{{cite book|last=Stewart|first=David O.|title=Impeached: The Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Licoln's Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sav95Z-KDZcC|year=2009|publisher=Simon and Schuster|pages=83–98, 92–98, 105–112, 154, 156|isbn=978-1416547495}}</ref>
On March 7, 1867, the third day of the 40th Congress, Ashley introduced a resolution calling for the impeachment investigation by the Judiciary Committee to be continue.<ref name="CRS1998a"/><ref name="hinds"/><ref name="globe18-25"/><ref name="journal19-21"/>
The resolution read, {{blockquote|Whereas the House of Representatives of the thirty-ninth Congress adopted on 7th of January, 1867, a resolution authorizing an inquiry into certain charges preferred against the President of the United States; and whereas the Judiciary Committee, to whom said resolution and charges were referred, with authority to investigate the same, were unable for want of time to complete said investigation before the expiration of the thirty-ninth Congress; and whereas in the report submitted by said Judiciary Committee on the 2d of March, they declared that the evidence taken is of such a character as to justify and demand a continuation of the investigation by this Congress: Therefore,<br>''Be it resolved by the House of Representatives,'' That the Judiciary Committee, when appointed, be, and they are hereby, instructed to continue the investigation authorized in said resolution of January 7, 1867, and that they have power to send for persons and papers, and to administer the customary oath to witnesses, and that the committee shall have authority to sit during the sessions of the House, and during any recess which Congress or this House may take.<br>''Resolved,'' that the Speaker of the House be requested to appoint the Committee on the Judiciary forthwith and that the committee so appointed be directed to take charge of the testimony taken by the committee of the last Congress; and that said committee have power to appoint a clerk at a compensation not to exceed six dollars per day, and employ the necessary stenographer.<br>''Resolved further,'' That the Clerk of the House of Representatives be directed to pay out of the contingent fund of the House, on the order of the committee on the Judiciary, such sum or sums of money as may be required to enable the said committee to prosecute the investigation above directed, and such other investigations as it may be ordered to make.<ref name="globe18-25"/><ref name="journal19-21"/>}}
John Covode proposed an amendment to the resolution that was understood to have been authored by Benjamin Butler. The amendment would have instead had the continuation of the inquiry be run by a select committee of thirteen members on which the seven members of the Judiciary Committee would all serve. John F. Farnsworth argued against this, arguing that the inquiry should continue to be run through the Judiciary Committee. Citing precedents in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and declaring that no insult was intended to the Judiciary Committee, Butler argued in favor of a special committee overseeing the inquiry. James G. Blaine argued against moving the inquiry to a special committee, arguing that doing so would be considered a rebuke to the Judiciary Committee. John Martin Broomall voiced similar opposition. John A. Logan voiced support for a special committee, arguing that the Judiciary Committee had no prescriptive right to be handling the matter. John Bingham countered Logan's argument by claiming that, in the eight precedents of federal impeachment cases in the United States, all but one had seen the matter referred to the Judiciary Committee, and that the one exception had led to a ridiculous blunder. After this debate, an overwhelming majority voted to reject the proposed amendment.<ref>{{cite web |title=By the Cable |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/171165056 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer |access-date=26 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=March 8, 1867}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1st Edition. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/668323846 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Chicago Evening Post |access-date=26 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=March 7, 1867}}</ref>
The House adopted Ashley's resolution to renew the investigation without any opposition after both debate and the defeat (by 33–119) of a motion to table it.<ref name="CRS1998a"/><ref name="hinds"/><ref name="globe18-25">{{cite book |title=The Congressional Globe 1867-03-04 |date=4 March 1867 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Documents |pages=18–25 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_united-states-congress-congressional-globe_1867-03-04/page/18/mode/1up?view=theater |language=English}}</ref><ref name="journal19-21">{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: Being the First Session of the Fortieth Congress; Begun and Held at the City of Washington, March 4, 1867, In the Ninety-First Year of the Independence of the United States |year=1867 |publisher=Government Printing Office |pages=19–21 |url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/65/0#page/19/mode/2up |language=English}}</ref>
Right after the 40th Congress voted to reauthorize the impeachment inquiry, Speaker Colfax appointed the membership of a number of House committees, including the Committee on the Judiciary.<ref name="journal19-21"/> Butler, a strong proponent of impeachment, unsuccessfully requested to be added to the Judiciary Committee, but John Bingham strongly objected to this.<ref name="Wineapple12"/>
===Continued investigation in the 40th Congress=== The 40th Congress' House Committee on the Judiciary resumed the inquiry started by the committee in the previous congress.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/> They held month of closed-door hearings.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/>
Johnson and his allies grew more and more frustrated with the impeachment inquiry, which kept expanding in scope.<ref name="Stewart"/> When the committee began investigating Johnson's finances, Johnson irately reacted, {{blockquote|I have had a son killed, a son-in-law die during the last battle at Nashville, another son has thrown himself away, a second son-in law is in no better condition. I think I have sorrow enough without having my bank account examined by a committee of Congress."<ref name="Wineapple12"/>}}
In March 1867, Radical Republicans, dissatisfied with the slow pace of the inquiry, attempted to bypass that process outlined in Ashley's resolution and instead secure Republican caucus approval for immediate impeachment.<ref name="Benedict"/> John Bingham and James F. Wilson (the chairman of the House Committee on the Judiciary) killed this effort by the Radical Republicans.<ref name="Benedict"/><ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/> By mid-1867, impeachment was regularly promoted by chief opponents of Johnson in Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Impeachment Trial of President Andrew Johnson, 1868 |url=https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/impeachment/impeachment-johnson.htm |website=www.senate.gov |publisher=United States Senate |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
===Judiciary Committee vote against impeachment (June 1867)=== On June 3, 1867, in a 5–4 vote, the committee voted against sending an impeachment resolution to the full House, with three moderate Republican members joining two Democratic members of the committee in voting against doing so.<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="househistory1">{{cite web |title=Impeachment Efforts Against President Andrew Johnson {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |url=https://history.house.gov/HistoricalHighlight/Detail/35408 |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=2 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> They, however, also voted in support of censuring Johnson.<ref name="Wineapple12"/> On July 10, 1867, James F. Wilson reported verbally on behalf of the committee, by its direction, that they anticipated being able to report on or after October 16. He also stated that, as it then stood, five members were of the opinion that high crimes and misdemeanors warranting impeachment had not occurred, while the remaining four members believed that they had.<ref name="hinds"/> It appeared that Johnson had successfully avoided impeachment.<ref name="Meachem1"/>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=7 style="background:#f5f5f5" | House Judiciary Committee vote sending on an impeachment resolution to the full House<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="hinds"/> |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan=2 | June 3, 1867 ! colspan=2 | Party ! rowspan=2 | Total votes |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! style="background:#b0ceff;"| Democratic ! style="background:#ffb6b6;"| Republican |- | style="width: 10em; background:#F5F5F5" | Yea | style="width: 7em;" | 0 | style="width: 7em;" | 4 | style="width: 7em; background:#F5F5F5" | 4 |- | style="width: 10em; style="background:#F5F5F5" | '''Nay'''{{nbsp}}{{check mark|color=black|14}} | style="width: 7em;" | '''2''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''3''' | style="background:#F5F5F5" | '''5''' |}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Vote by member |- ! District ! Member ! colspan=2 | Party ! Vote |- | {{ushr|MA|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Boutwell, George S." | '''George S. Boutwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|22|X}} | data-sort-value="Churchill, John C." | '''John C. Churchill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WI|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Edredge, Charles A." | '''Charles A. Eldredge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Lawrence, William" | '''William Lawrence''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Marshall, Samuel S." | '''Samuel S. Marshall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MD|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Thomas, Francis" | '''Francis Thomas''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|23|X}} | data-sort-value="Williams, Thomas" | '''Thomas Williams''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|VT|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Woodbridge, Frederick E." | '''Frederick E. Woodbridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, James F." | '''James F. Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |}
===Inquiry resumed, Johnson antagonizes Republicans=== The House Committee on the Judiciary had not delivered a report to the full congress, meaning that they had not yet formally closed their inquiry.<ref name="househistory1"/><ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/><ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/> Johnson would undertake actions that further antagonized Republicans. This would ultimately cause increased Republican anxiety over Johnson's obstruction and lead to the Judiciary Committee reversing their majority stance on impeachment.<ref name="Meachem1"/> The first of these actions came when Henry Stanbery (the attorney general of the United States) issued at the request of Johnson a legal opinion which, combined with an earlier opinion issued at the request of Johnson in March, put forth an interoperation of the law that decreased the power of military district commanders in the South. The Reconstruction Acts that had been passed over the vetoes of Johnson had created five military districts in the South and had given broad powers to the commanders of those districts to enforce the Reconstruction Acts. However, the attorney general's legal opinions found that the commanders had no power to remove local officials who acted against congressional policies. The legal opinion also undermined restrictions on former confederates voting.<ref name="Meachem1"/>
The committee would resume collecting evidence for the impeachment inquiry.<ref name="Meachem1"/> On July 17, 1867, the House agreed to an amended version of a resolution by John Covode that instructed the House Committee on the Judiciary to, in their investigation, inquire into new a charge levied against the president. The new charge was that Johnson had, allegedly at the request of Lincoln assassination conspirator John Surratt's counsel, given a full pardon to Confederate Stephen F. Cameron. The resolution instructed the committee to look into this action, which it declared would demonstrate Johnson's "sympathy with the men who murdered the President" if true. The resolution also instructed the committee to, in the first week of the second session of the 40th Congress, report evidence to the House on this together with the testimony already collected in the impeachment inquiry.<ref name="hinds"/> The second session of the 40th Congress would begin on December 2, 1867.<ref name="sessiondates">{{cite web |title=Session Dates of Congress 40th to 49th Congresses (1867–1887) {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |url=https://history.house.gov/Institution/Session-Dates/40-49/ |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=26 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
Over the 1867 summer congressional recess (which lasted from July 21 through November 20, 1867<ref name="sessiondates"/>), sentiments among Republicans shifted further with more Republicans coming to side in favor of impeachment due to continued acts by Johnson that antagonized Republicans. One such act was Johnson's suspension of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and replacement of him with Ulysses S. Grant as secretary of war ''ad interim'' on August 12, 1867, taking advantage of a loophole in the Tenure of Office Act created by the Senate being in recess.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/> Another act was Johnson's subsequent firing of Generals Philip Sheridan (who had been in charge of Texas and Louisiana), which was soon followed by his firing of Daniel Sickles (who had been in charge of North Carolina and South Carolina) on August 12, 1867, which further contributed to Republican furor.<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/><ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/> Johnson had fired them against Grant's advice. Both Sheridan and Sickles had acted in their offices to protect policies extending civil rights to African Americans.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/>
During an 1867 summer meeting, held in response to provocative actions taken by Johnson, more conservative Republicans were able to kill an effort by Radical Republicans to call for an October session of congress dealing with impeachment.<ref name="Benedict"/> This effort, led by Radical Republican Representatives George S. Boutwell, Benjamin Butler, and Thaddeus Stevens and Senators Charles D. Drake and Charles Sumner would have ended the 1867 summer congressional recess. The promoters of this hoped that they could act against intrigue by Johnson and continue to push for his impeachment in the special session. However, Conservative Republicans, led by Representatives John Bingham and James G. Blaine and Senators Lyman Trumbull and William P. Fessenden succeeded in blocking this effort.<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/>
In October 1867, rumors had been published in newspapers that the committee's stance on impeachment had changed. The rumors were characterized as baseless by two of the three moderate Republicans that had previously voted against impeachment.<ref name="CToct25"/> Rumors particularly focused on Churchill and Wilson as individuals that had changed their positions. These were fueled by pro-impeachment committee member William Lawrence claiming to the press that it was true that two non-specified members had switched their positions to now favor impeachment.<ref>{{cite web |title=Impeachment Again – Complexion of the Judiciary Committee – Opinions and Assertations of Judge Lawrence – Interesting Statements |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/605467283 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Charleston Mercury |access-date=26 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=October 22, 1867}}</ref> However, on October 25, John C. Churchill released a statement in which he denied have shared with anyone anything that indicated that he had changed his mind.<ref name="CToct25">{{cite web |title=The Impeachment Question |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/349821217 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Chicago Tribune |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=October 25, 1867}}</ref> On October 31, James F. Wilson denied rumors that he had written a correspondence declaring favor for sending an impeachment resolution to the full House. However, Wilson did not indicate his position.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mr. Wilson and Impeachment |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/167496397 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=November 1, 1867}}</ref> Because the Judiciary Committee left its proceedings confidential, when Congress reconvened after the recess, most congressmen were still under the belief that the pending majority report would be against impeachment, just as the committee had previously sided in their earlier July vote.<ref name="benedict1"/>
===Judiciary Committee vote in favor of impeachment (November 1867)=== [[File:Hon. John C. Churchill, N.Y - NARA - 525511 (cropped).jpg|thumb|John C. Churchill's change of vote moved the Judiciary Committee 5–4 in favor of impeachment]]
Despite having stated in October that he had given nobody any indication of a change of mind, in actuality, John C. Churchill had indeed changed his mind in favor of impeachment by the time Congress' recess ended in November. Consequentially, on November 25, 1867, the House Committee on the Judiciary voted in a 5–4 vote to recommend impeachment proceedings, and to submit its report to the House.<ref name="househistory1"/><ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867">{{cite web |title=Impeachment Rejected, November to December 1867 {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/Impeachment-Rejected/ |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=2 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The majority approved a resolution which read, "Resolved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors."<ref name="hinds"/><ref>{{cite web |title=The Lancaster Examiner Wednesday, November 27, 1867 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/569609389 |publisher=The Lancaster Examiner |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=November 27, 1867}}</ref> The minority on the committee that opposed impeachment had instead proposed ending the inquiry without an impeachment resolution by sending instead the House a resolution that would have read, "Resolved, That the Committee on the Judiciary be discharged from the further consideration of the proposed impeachment of the President of the United States, and that the subject be laid upon the table."<ref name="hinds"/>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=7 style="background:#f5f5f5" | House Judiciary Committee vote on recommending impeachment and sending an impeachment resolution to the full House<ref name="BuildingtheCase"/><ref name="hinds"/> |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan=2 | November 25, 1867 ! colspan=2 | Party ! rowspan=2 | Total votes |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! style="background:#b0ceff;"| Democratic ! style="background:#ffb6b6;"| Republican |- | style="width: 10em; background:#F5F5F5" | '''Yea'''{{nbsp}}{{check mark|color=black|14}} | style="width: 7em;" | '''0''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''5''' | style="width: 7em; background:#F5F5F5" | '''5''' |- | style="width: 10em; style="background:#F5F5F5" | Nay | style="width: 7em;" | 2 | style="width: 7em;" | 2 | style="background:#F5F5F5" | 4 |}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Vote by member |- ! District ! Member ! colspan=2 | Party ! Vote |- | {{ushr|MA|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Boutwell, George S." | '''George S. Boutwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|22|X}} | data-sort-value="Churchill, John C." | '''John C. Churchill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Edredge, Charles A." | '''Charles A. Eldredge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Lawrence, William" | '''William Lawrence''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Marshall, Samuel S." | '''Samuel S. Marshall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MD|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Thomas, Francis" | '''Francis Thomas''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|23|X}} | data-sort-value="Williams, Thomas" | '''Thomas Williams''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|VT|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Woodbridge, Frederick E." | '''Frederick E. Woodbridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, James F." | '''James F. Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |}
After the committee vote became public, Churchill published a lengthy letter in ''The New York Times'' explaining the reason for his change of mind,<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/> writing in part, {{blockquote|The President in the exercise of his constitutional powers, by such changes of military commanders, or such withdrawal of troops from the reconstructed States, or such other acts as should destroy the confidence of loyalists and freedmen in prompt military protection in the exercise of their suffrage, at any time before the new State Governments shall have been established, and shall have set in operation a machinery of their own for the protection of their citizens, would make it impossible to carry a single Southern State in accordance with the views of a majority of Congress.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/>}}
===Committee reports=== The committee submitted three reports to the full House, a majority report and two dissenting minority reports.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/>
====Majority report==== [[File:TWilliams-PA.jpg|thumb|Thomas Williams wrote the committee's majority report in favor of impeachment]]
The majority report in favor of impeachment was written by Radical Republican committee member Thomas Williams and listed seventeen instances in which he argued Johnson had reached the threshold of impeachment. The report wrote that the primary issue to fault Johnson with was, "the great salient point of accusation, standing out in the foreground, and challenging the attention of the country, is the ''usurpation of power'', which involves, of course, a violation of law." He argued that Johnson had undermined Congress.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/>
The majority report was poorly written, with an unfocused and rambling style that undermined what valid points it made. ''Harper's Weekly'' opined that it did not, "inspire general confidence". The ''Chicago Tribune'', which was sympathetic to the Radical Republican cause, even opined that the charges made in it were, "inferential and circumstantial". ''The New York Times'' believed that the report actually helped the president by debunking persistent rumors that he had been involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Lincoln.<ref name="Stewart"/>
The report characterized Johnson as having undermined the United States Congress with the intent of empowering the former Southern rebels. In the Report, Williams wrote that Johnson had been acting in the interest of, {{blockquote|The one great the purpose of reconstructing the shattered governments of the Rebel states in accordance with his own will, in the interests of the great criminals who carried them into the rebellion, and in such a way as to deprive the people of the loyal States of all chances of indemnity for the past or security for the future.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="majorityreport"/>}}
The report alleged that Johnson had acted in the interest of empowering the former Southern rebels, {{blockquote|By pardoning their offenses, resorting lands, and bringing them back, their hearts unrepentant, and their hands yet red with the blood of our people, into a condition where they could once more embarrass and defy, if not absolutely rule the government in which they had vainly endeavored to destroy.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="majorityreport">{{cite web |title=The Majority Report |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/44228098 |publisher=Harrisburg Telegraph |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=November 27, 1867}}</ref>}}
The report characterized the alleged intent of Johnson to empower the former Southern rebels in such a manner as being, "the great master-key which unlocks and interprets all of....<nowiki>[Johnson's]</nowiki> special acts of mal-administration."<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="majorityreport"/>
The report levied the following seventeen charges against Johnson: # That Johnson, "assuming it to be his duty to execute the constitutional guaranty," had worked to (without the consent of the legislature) provide new governments for the former Confederate states as he pleased, and sought, "to force them into the Union against the will of Congress and the people of the loyal States, by the authority and patronage of his high office."<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had committed malfeasance by, ##Creating offices not provisioned for under the law, and appointing "men who were notoriously disqualified to take the test oath" to those offices without the advice and consent of the United States Senate.<ref name="hinds"/> ##Acting, "in clear violation of law," by using funds belonging to the United States Department of War to pay for the expenses of his own work and for salaries (at rates he had decided upon) of the holders of aforementioned non-provisioned offices.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had ordered those he appointed to positions that he created to appropriate government property and to levy taxes, "from the conquered people" to pay expenses related to their offices.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had "without equivalent" returned railroads and rolling stock that the Union Army had captured to their former Confederate stockholders and had, at great government expense, constructed and renovated Southern railroads.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had, ##"Without authority of law", sold the aforementioned railroad stockholders "at a private valuation, and on a long credit, without any security whatever" a large amount of rolling stock and machinery that had been purchased by and belonged to the United States government.<ref name="hinds"/> ##Following numerous defaults by those he had sold this rolling stock and machinery to, helped to allow them to pay debt they owed to other creditors by postponing their debt due to the United States government.<ref name="hinds"/> ##Issued arrears of interest on a large amount of bonds of the companies guaranteed by the State of Tennessee, which Johnson himself held a large amount of.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had, ##Given back former Confederate owners large amounts of cotton and other property that had been seized by the United States Treasury<ref name="hinds"/> ##Worked to pay back proceeds of actual sales of such property, "in utter contempt of the law" by directing the Treasury to make such payments and by directing the aggrieved parties to seek remedy in the Courts, thereby violating "the true meaning and spirit" of the Constitutional clause containing the language that, "no money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequences of appropriations made by law."<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had "to the great detriment of the public" abused his pardon powers by releasing "the most active and formidable" leaders of the Confederacy, and had sought to restore to them their property and means of influence in the hopes of receiving their assistance in furthering his policy. Also that, Johnson had also been "substantially delegating that power for the same objects to his provisional governors."<ref name="hinds"/> # The Johnson had abused his pardon powers in issuing the simultaneous full pardons of 193 deserters, and the restoring of their "justly forfeited claims" to arrears of pay from the Government, and that Johnson had done this without proper inquiry or sufficient evidence.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had, ##"Refused to enforce the laws passed by Congress for the suppression of the rebellion, and punishment of those who gave it comfort and support," in directing proceedings against delinquents and their property<ref name="hinds"/> ##Completely "obstructed the course of public justice," by either prohibiting the start of such legal proceedings or (if they had already commenced) staying them indefinitely or ordering the absolute discontinuance of such proceedings.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had, "further obstructed the course of public imprisonment" for Clement Claiborne Clay ("an important state prisoner"), had forbidden Clay's arrest in proceedings instituted against him for treason and conspiracy in the State of Alabama, and had ordered property that had been seized from Clay by a United States district attorney to be restored to him.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had abused his Constitutional appointment power by, ##Removing, "on system and to the great prejudice of public," a large number of "meritorious public officers" solely because they refused to support Johnson's claim that he had a right to reorganize and restore the former Confederate states on his own terms, and because they had instead favored honoring, "the jurisdiction and authority of Congress" on such matters.<ref name="hinds"/> ##Making recess appointments of people that he had previously nominated for office, and whose previous nominations been rejected by the United States Senate.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had, against the law, exercised powers to dispense by commissioning individuals who were "notoriously disqualified by their participation in the rebellion from taking the oath of office required by act of Congress" as revenue officers and to offices that had not been legislatively provided for, and had allowed them to take such offices and exercise their duties, and paid them salaries for their work.<ref name="hinds"/> # That Johnson had, in accordance with his public declaration that he, "would veto all measures whenever they came to him", systematically vetoed, "all important measures of Congress looking to the reorganization and restoration of rebel States." That he had done so with, "no other reasons than a determination to prevent the exercise of the undoubted power and jurisdiction of Congress over a question that was cognizable exclusively by them."<ref name="hinds"/> #That Johnson had, "brought the patronage of his office into conflict the with freedom of elections," by permitting and encouraging his official retainers to travel the nation, attending political convention and addressing crowds instead of performing the jobs they were receiving "high salaries" for.<ref name="hinds"/> #That Johnson had, "exerted all the influence of his position" to prevent the residents of the former Confederate states from accepting terms that Congress had offered them, and had "neutralized to a large extend the effects of the national victory by impressing them with the opinion that the Congress of the United States was bloodthirsty and implacable and that their only hope was in adhering to him."<ref name="hinds"/> #That Johnson had, ##Through his, "undue tenderness and transparent partiality" to Confederates caused widespread, "oppression and bloodshed".<ref name="hinds"/> ##Encouraged New Orleans massacre of 1866 ("the murder of loyal citizens in New Orleans by a Confederate mob pretending to act as a police") through hireling correspondence with its leaders.<ref name="hinds"/> ##Encouraged the New Orleans massacre of 1866 by denouncing "the exercise of the constitutional right of a political convention to assemble peacefully in that city" as being an act of treason for which violent suppression was justified ##Encouraged the New Orleans massacre of 1866 by commanding the military to assist in forcing the dispersal of those attending the convention, rather than preventing the forced dispersal of convention attendees.<ref name="hinds"/> #That Johnson was, "guilty of acts calculated, if not intended, to subvert the Government of the United States by denying that the Thirty-ninth Congress was a constitutional body and fostering a spirit of disaffection and disobedience to the law and rebellion against its authority by endeavoring. in public speeches, to bring it to odium and contempt."<ref name="hinds"/>
====Minority reports==== One minority report was agreed to by the two Democratic members (Marshall and Eldredge), while the other was agreed to by the two moderate Republicans that had voted against recommending impeachment (Woodbridge and Wilson).<ref name="hinds"/><ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="Reports1">{{cite book |author1=United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary |title=Impeachment of the President |date=1867 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2BuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=4 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
The Democratic minority report, was written by Marshall, and dissented from all criticism of Johnson.<ref name="hinds"/><ref name="Reports1"/> The Republican minority report, written by Wilson, wrote that, while they were against impeachment, they believed Johnson, "deserves the censure and condemnation of every well-disposed citizen." It argued that the Congress should wait and let Americans remove Johnson from office in the 1868 presidential election.<ref name="hinds"/><ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="Reports1"/> It declared that Johnson, "has disappointed the hopes and expectations of those who placed him in power. He had betrayed their confidence and joined hands with their enemies." However it also declared, "judge him politically, we must condemn him. But the day of political impeachments would be a sad one for this country.".<ref name="hinds"/> In the report, Wilson also wrote that, "political unfitness and incapacity must be tried at the ballot box, not in the high court of impeachment."<ref name="Stewart"/><ref name="Reports1"/>
The Republican minority report argued that impeachment required a criminal offense and that, in impeachment trials, the Senate acted as a court, "of special criminal jurisdiction," and therefore needed to follow legal forms. He argued that impeachment trials were not to be political procedures. Without evidence, he argued that judicial rules of evidence were required to be applied in Senate impeachment trials and that, in such trials, the Senate could only be able to try offenses, "known to the Constitution, or to the laws of the United States." Wilson made weak arguments in support of this, often using incomplete logic.<ref name="Stewart"/><ref name="Reports1"/> Wilson's Republican majority report also gave effective rebuttals of the factual charges issued in the majority report.<ref name="Stewart"/>
While the majority report had found American precedents to support its position that impeachment did not require a legal crime to be committed, Wilson argued the practical considerations of this theory in the Republican minority report. He voiced concern that, if impeachment were entirely a political process, it might mean that a president could be impeached merely for policies that are unpopular with their opponents.<ref name="Stewart"/>
===Reporting of the impeachment resolution, majority and minority reports, and testimony to the House===
Later on November 25, 1867, on behalf of the committee, Boutwell submitted to the House the majority report and the impeachment resolution.<ref name="Ross1"/><ref name="journal265–266">{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: Being the First Session of the Fortieth Congress; Begun and Held at the City of Washington, March 4, 1867, In the Ninety-First Year of the Independence of the United States |year=1867 |publisher=Government Printing Office |pages=265–266 |url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/65/0#page/265/mode/2up |language=English}}</ref> It was only then that those not on the committee learned that the committee had decided to support impeachment.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="benedict1"/> The impeachment resolution reported by the committee simply read, "Resolved, That Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, be impeached of high crimes and misdemeanors."<ref name="journal265–266"/>
Boutwell then submitted to the House the testimony taken by the committee in its inquiry. After this, the minority reports were submitted by James F. Wilson and Samuel S. Marshall<ref name="journal265–266"/> The House then approved a motion by Boutwell to have the reports printed together and to postpone further consideration of the subject of impeachment until December 4, 1867.<ref name="journal265–266"/> It was only after the reports were published that those not on the committee on found out that the change of vote in the House Committee on the Judiciary was due to Churchill having changed his stance on impeachment.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref name="benedict1"/>
==House defeat of the impeachment resolution== On December 5, 1867, the House brought the Committee on the Judiciary's impeachment recommendation to the floor for consideration, and discussion was thereafter held on the impeachment resolution reported by the Judiciary Committee, with George S. Boutwell presenting a case for impeachment and James F. Wilson presenting a case against it.<ref name="December1867"/><ref name="journal42">{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: Being the Second Session of the Fortieth Congress; Begun and Held at the City of Washington, December 2, 1867, In the Ninety-First Year of the Independence of the United States |year=1868 |publisher=Government Printing Office |pages=42|url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/66/0#page/41/mode/2up |language=English}}</ref>
While conservative Republicans were confident that they would defeat impeachment, Radical Republicans were confident that they could succeed in securing impeachment.<ref name="benedict1"/> However, in the Judiciary Committee's vote, two of the committee's seven Republican members (each being two of the committee's three moderate Republicans) had opposed impeachment. This underscored the reality that Republicans remained divided on whether Johnson had committed conduct worthy of impeachment, with many moderate Republicans still having little appetite for an impeachment.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/>
At the time, there was a disagreement between Radical Republicans and conservative Republicans as to what constituted a "high crime and misdemeanor", which, along with treason and bribery constituted the sole grounds for which impeachment was allowed under the United States Constitution. Conservatives supported the theory put forth by the defense in a number of earlier federal impeachments that government officials only could be impeached for what constituted an indictable violation of criminal statutes or common law. Their support for this theory at that time largely arose from fears for the institutional and political effects impeachment would have on the nation's stability. Radical Republicans, on the other hand, believed in a more broad view on what "high crimes and misdemeanors" encompassed, believing that the nation's framers had intended for "malfeasance, nonfeasance, and, in some cases, misfeasance," to be the subject of impeachment.<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/> They cited English precedents, earlier American impeachments, and a great consensus among most early nineteenth century American constitutional commentators to support this view. They also cited the views of the likes of early American legal scholars such as William Duer, James Kent, William Rawle, and Joseph Story, as well as the authors of ''The Federalist Papers''.<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/>
===George S. Boutwell's argument in support of impeachment=== [[File:George Boutwell, Brady-Handy photo portrait, ca1870-1880.jpg|thumb|George S. Boutwell delivered the argument in favor of impeachment]]
The House Committee on the Judiciary's Radical Republicans selected, from their ranks, to have George S. Boutwell argue the case for impeachment to the house. He made a four-hour presentation, stretched over two legislative days (December 5 and 6, 1867), which historian Michael Les Benedict later described as, "the clearest, most eloquent, and most convincing argument for the liberal view of the impeachment power".<ref name="December1867">{{cite web |title=The Case for Impeachment, December 1867 {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/The-Case-for-Impeachment/ |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=2 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> His speech largely focused on the question of whether the president's activities were legally impeachable.<ref name="benedict1"/> The speech lasted two hours.<ref name="Domer1"/>
Boutwell argued that there needed to be a broad interpretation of impeachment powers. He assailed the notion that impeachment required a clear violation of the law to be applied. Instead, citing British precedent and debates from the Constitutional Convention, he argued that impeachment was intended to be used in instances where public trust had been violated, and that impeachment was to be used when an officer refused to "faithfully execute" their office. He argued that America could not wait until the next presidential election to remove an unsuitable president.<ref name="December1867"/> Boutwell argued that impeachment power, "is subject to no revision or control", but is rather solely to be guided by the judgement of the House of Representatives.<ref name="benedict1"/>
Boutwell also argued that Johnson had committed flagrant misdeeds that approached criminality in his subversion of the law and refusal to uphold the law, and therefore his actions had been clearly impeachable.<ref name="December1867"/> He cited Johnson's veto of the Reconstruction Acts which the congress had overwhelmingly passed.<ref name="December1867"/> He cited Johnson's urging for southern states under federal control to refuse to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.<ref name="December1867"/> He also cited Johnson's creation of provisional governorships without authorization, and appointment of provisional governors that Boutwell claimed were ineligible to take official loyalty oaths due to their participation in the Confederacy.<ref name="December1867"/> Citing these and other actions, Boutwell alleged that Johnsons actions were intended to return Confederates to power in the state and national governments against the judgement of Congress. Boutwell argued, "can there be any doubt as to his purpose, or doubt as to the criminality of his purpose and his respojnsibility under the Constitution?"<ref name="benedict1"/>
Boutwell also framed a portion of his argument around the notion that impeachment could stop Johnson from interfering in the southern states during the 1868 presidential election, citing specific concerns that Johnson could suppress the vote of African Americans.<ref name="December1867"/>
Boutwell argued, {{blockquote|"To this House is given under the Constitution the sole power of impeachment; and this power of impeachment furnishes the only means by which we can secure the execution of the laws, and those of our fellow-citizens who desire the administration of the law ought to sustain this House while it executes the great law which is in its hands and which is nowhere else, while it is performing a high and solemn duty resting upon it by which that man who has been the chief violator of the law shall be removed, and without which there can be no execution of the law anywhere. ... If we neglect or refuse to use our powers when the case arises demanding decisive action, the Government ceases to be a Government of laws and becomes a Government of men."<ref name="December1867"/>}}
===James F. Wilson's argument against impeachment=== [[File:Hon. James F. Wilson, Iowa - NARA - 525622 (1).jpg|thumb|House Committee on the Judiciary chairman James F. Wilson delivered the argument against impeachment]]
After Boutwell's presentation, James F. Wilson, chairman of the House Committee on the Judiciary took to the floor to argue against impeachment. Wilson argued that while Johnson was the "worst of presidents", his opposition to the positions of the Republican Party was not illegal. Wilson argued that, despite Boutwell's assertion that it did, the House did not have lone authority to determine what constitutes an "impeachable offense".<ref name="December1867"/> Wilson warned that a broad interpretation of impeachment powers, as Boutwell championed, in theory could allow the House to effectively dictate the policy of presidents.<ref name="December1867"/> He spent half of his speech arguing that impeachment was only reserved for indictable crimes, and the other half attacking those who opposed this position.<ref name="benedict1"/>
Wilson characterized the part of Boutwell's argument that had argued impeachment could stop Johnson from interfering in the southern states during the 1868 presidential election as Boutwell effectively arguing the House should be allowed to impeach Johnson for something he ''could'' do, rather than some thing he ''had done''. Wilson argued, "this would lead us even beyond the conscience of this house."<ref name="Stathis"/><ref name="December1867"/>
Wilson also argued that much of Boutwell's argument was inconsistent with the majority committee report. Indeed, Boutwell's speech had a number of inconsistencies with the case made in the majority report. Boutwell's speech, at one point, had dismissed English precedents as irrelevant to impeachment under the United States constitution, despite the fact that the majority report cited English precedents. Boutwell had also argued against the minority's stance by characterizing their view as one under which an officer who committed murder in such a manner that they would be outside of United States court jurisdiction would be immune to impeachment. However, the majority report had explicitly stated a belief that murder would not be an impeachable offense, as it would not directly relate to officeholding. Michael Les Benedict has opined, "Wilson's blunt analysis of the inconstancies between Boutwell's brilliant speech and William's mediocre report did tremendous damage to the impeachers' case."<ref name="benedict1"/><ref name="Domer1">{{cite journal |last1=Domer |first1=Thomas |title=The Role of George S. Boutwell in the Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson |journal=The New England Quarterly |date=1976 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=596–617 |doi=10.2307/364736 |jstor=364736 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/364736 |access-date=11 September 2022 |issn=0028-4866|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
In his closing remarks Wilson asked, "if we cannot arraign the president for a specific crime, for what are we to proceed against him?...If we cannot state upon paper a specific crime, how are we to carry this case to the Senate for a trial?"<ref name="Stathis"/>
===House vote on the impeachment resolution=== thumb|A copy of a record recording the vote
After finishing his speech on December 6, 1867, Wilson motioned to lay the resolution on the table.<ref name="benedict1"/><ref name="Domer1"/> This motion angered the many Radical Republicans that had prepared speeches of their own on the question of impeachment and felt that a successful motion to table would allow Republicans to evade the question of impeachment, going without a direct vote on the matter. Several Radical Republicans filibustered the motion. On December 7, 1867, Radical Republicans reached a quid pro quo agreement with Wilson in which they would end their filibuster and he would withdraw his motion to table the resolution in return for the House proceeding immediately to a vote on the resolution, rather than allowing further debate.<ref name="Domer1"/> As a result of this, general debate was not permitted on the resolution before it was voted on, with debate instead being limited to the speeches that had been delivered by Boutwell and Wilson.<ref name="hinds"/><ref name="Domer1"/>
On December 7 the House voted against impeachment by a margin of 57–108, with 66 Republicans, 39 Democrats, and one member congressmen of other party affiliations voting against impeachment; and with all votes for impeachment coming from Republicans.<ref name="benedict1"/><ref name="December1867"/><ref name="vote"/> 22 members of congress were absent (17 Republicans, 4 Democrats, and 1 independent Republican). Speaker Schuyler Colfax (a Republican) did not vote,<ref name="vote"/> as House rules do not require the speaker to vote during ordinary legislative proceedings, unless their vote would be decisive or if the vote is being cast by ballot.<ref name="rule1">{{cite web |title=Rules of the House of Representatives, with Notes and Annotations |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/HMAN-113/pdf/HMAN-113-houserules.pdf |publisher=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref>
One motivating factor for Republicans' decision to vote against impeachment may have been the successes Democrats had in the 1867 elections. In Connecticut's April 1 election, Democrats had won the governorship and three of the state's four House seats, marking the Republican Party's first losses in a Northern state since 1864. As the year went on, the Democratic party would enjoy several other successes, including winning control of the Ohio General Assembly (which would give the party choice over who the state would send to the senate in 1869). In addition to this Democratic partisan electoral successes, it was also alarming to Republicans that Connecticut, Minnesota, New York, and Ohio all rejected propositions to grant African Americans suffrage by large margins.<ref name="HouseImpeachmentRejectedNovDec1867"/><ref>Multiple sources: *{{cite book |last1=Levine |first1=Robert S. |pages=179–180 |title=The failed promise: Reconstruction, Frederick Douglass, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson |date=2021 |location=New York, NY |isbn=9781324004752 |edition=First}} *{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=David O. |title=Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4165-4749-5 |location=New York |ref={{SfnRef|Stewart}} |author-link=David O. Stewart |pages=95–97}} *{{Cite book |last=Castel |first=Albert E. |url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofandr00albe |title=The Presidency of Andrew Johnson |publisher=The Regents Press of Kansas |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-7006-0190-5 |series=American Presidency |location=Lawrence, Kan. |author-link=Albert E. Castel | page=124 and 146}}</ref> In 1867, Republicans only improved upon their 1866 election performances in the states of Michigan and Kentucky. The remaining eighteen states that held elections saw Republicans lose sizable ground over the previous year.<ref name="benedict1"/> Republicans were particularly concerned at the fact that their party had only managed a very narrow margin-of-victory in the 1867 Ohio gubernatorial election.<ref name="benedict1"/>
Michael Les Benedict has suggested that as a result of poor 1867 election results, within the Republican caucus, "the centrists, who might have favored impeachment had the elections demonstrated radical strength," were left, "divided, most of them opposing impeachment."<ref name="benedict1"/>
Michael Les Benedict's analysis shows correlation between congressmen's votes in this impeachment vote and voting records in the 40th Congress votes on the matter of currency expansion, as well as voting records on Reconstruction issues during the 39th Congress.<ref name="benedict1">{{cite book |last1=Benedict |first1=Michael Les |title=The impeachment and trial of Andrew Johnson. |date=1973 |publisher=Norton |location=New York |isbn=0-393-05473-X |edition=[1st] |chapter=3. The Politics of Impeachment}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=7 style="background:#f5f5f5" | House vote on the impeachment resolution<ref name="vote">{{cite web |title=TO PASS THE IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT RESOLUTION. – House Vote #119 – Dec 7, 1867 |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/40-2/h119 |website=GovTrack.us |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States: Being the Second Session of the Fortieth Congress; Begun and Held at the City of Washington, December 2, 1867, In the Ninety-First Year of the Independence of the United States |url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/66/0#page/53/mode/2up |publisher=United States House of Representatives |page=53 |access-date=22 March 2022 |date=1868}}</ref> |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan=2 | December 7, 1867 ! colspan=5 | Party ! rowspan=2 | Total votes |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! style="background:#b0ceff;"| Democratic ! style="background:#ffb6b6;"| Republican ! Conservatives ! Conservative Republicans ! Independent Republicans |- | style="width: 10em; background:#F5F5F5" | Yea | style="width: 7em;" | 0 | style="width: 7em;" | 57 | style="width: 7em;" | 0 | style="width: 7em;" | 0 | style="width: 7em;" | 0 | style="width: 7em; background:#F5F5F5" | 57 |- | style="width: 10em; style="background:#F5F5F5" | '''Nay'''{{nbsp}}{{check mark|color=black|14}} | style="width: 7em;" | '''39''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''66''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''1''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''1''' | style="width: 7em;" | '''1''' | style="background:#F5F5F5" | '''108''' |}
{{Bar chart | title = Comparative bar chart | label_type = Vote | data_type = Vote total | bar_width = 25 | width_units = em | data_max = 108 | label1 = "Yea" votes | data1 = 57 | label2 = "Nay" votes | data2 = 108 | label3 = Absent/not voting | data3 = 23 }}
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;" |+ Vote by member<ref name="vote"/> |- ! District ! Member ! colspan=2 | Party ! Vote |- | {{ushr|KY|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Adams, George Madison" | '''George Madison Adams''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Allison, William B." | '''William B. Allison''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Ames, Okes" | '''Oakes Ames''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Anderson, George Washington" | '''George Washington Anderson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Archer, Stevenson" | '''Stevenson Archer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|TN|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Arnell, Samuel Mayes" | '''Samuel Mayes Arnell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NV|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Ashley, Delos R." | '''Delos R. Ashley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Ashley, James Mitchell" | '''James Mitchell Ashley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|CA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Axtell, Samuel Beach" | '''Samuel Beach Axtell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|21|X}} | data-sort-value="Bailey, Alexander H." | '''Alexander H. Bailey''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Baker, Jehu" | '''Jehu Baker''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Baldwin, John Denison" | '''John Denison Baldwin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Banks, Nathaniel P." | '''Nathaniel P. Banks''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Barnes, Demas" | '''Demas Barnes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|CT|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Barnum, William Henry" | '''William Henry Barnum''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MI|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Beaman, Fermando C." | '''Fernando C. Beaman''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|KY|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Beck, James B." | '''James B. Beck''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Benjamin, John F." | '''John F. Benjamin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NH|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Benton, Jacob" | '''Jacob Benton''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|16|X}} | data-sort-value="Bingham, John" | '''John Bingham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|ME|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Blaine, James G." | '''James G. Blaine''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MI|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Blair, Austin" | '''Austin Blair''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|MA|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Boutwell, George S." | '''George S. Boutwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Boyer, Benjamin Markley" | '''Benjamin Markley Boyer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Bromwell, Henry P. H." | '''Henry P. H. Bromwell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Brooks, James" | '''James Brooks''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Broomall, John Martin" | '''John Martin Broomall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Buckland, Ralph Pomeroy" | '''Ralph Pomeroy Buckland''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Burr, Albert G." | '''Albert G. Burr''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Butler, Benjamin" | '''Benjamin Butler''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Cake, Henry L." | '''Henry L. Cake''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|OH|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Cary, Samuel Fenton" | '''Samuel Fenton Cary''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Independent Republican (US)}}" | | Independent Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Chanler, John Winthrop" | '''John Winthrop Chanler''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|22|X}} | data-sort-value="Churchill, John C." | '''John C. Churchill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Clarke, Reader W." | '''Reader W. Clarke''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|KS|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Clarke, Sidney" | '''Sidney Clarke''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Cobb, Amasa" | '''Amasa Cobb''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Coburn, John" | '''John Coburn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Colfax, Schuyler" | '''Schuyler Colfax''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Did not vote (speaker){{ref|Alpha|α}} |- | {{ushr|IL|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Cook, Burton C." | '''Burton C. Cook''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Cornell, Thomas" | '''Thomas Cornell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|PA|21|X}} | data-sort-value="Covode, John" | '''John Covode''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Cullom, Shelby Moore" | '''Shelby Moore Cullom''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Dawes, Henry L." | '''Henry L. Dawes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|RI|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Dixon, Nathan F. II" | '''Nathan F. Dixon II''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IA|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Dodge, Grenville M." | '''Grenville M. Dodge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MN|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Donnelly, Ignatius L." | '''Ignatius L. Donnelly''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Driggs, John F." | '''John F. Driggs''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|17|X}} | data-sort-value="Eckley, Ephraim R." | '''Ephraim R. Eckley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Eglleston, Benjamin" | '''Benjamin Eggleston''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NH|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Ela, Jacob Hart | '''Jacob Hart Ela''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Eldredge, Charles A." | '''Charles A. Eldredge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Eliot, Thomas D." | '''Thomas D. Eliot''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Farnsworth, John F." | '''John F. Farnsworth''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|16|X}} | data-sort-value="Ferriss, Orange" | '''Orange Ferriss''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MI|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Ferry, Thomas W." | '''Thomas W. Ferry''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|19|X}} | data-sort-value="Fields, William C." | '''William C. Fields''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|20|X}} | data-sort-value="Finney, Darwin Abel | '''Darwin Abel Finney''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Fox, John" | '''John Fox''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|OH|19|X}} | data-sort-value="Garfield, James A. | '''James A. Garfield''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Getz, James Lawrence" | '''James Lawrence Getz''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|15|X}} | data-sort-value="Glossbrenner, Adam John" | '''Adam John Glossbrenner''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|KY|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Golladay, Jacob" | '''Jacob Golladay''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Gravely, Joseph J." | '''Joseph J. Gravely''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|15|X}} | data-sort-value="Griswold, John Augustus" | '''John Augustus Griswold''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|KY|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Grover, Asa" | '''Asa Grover''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NJ|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Haight, Charles" | '''Charles Haight''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NJ|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Halsey, George A." | '''George A. Halsey''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Hamilton, Cornelius S." | '''Cornelius S. Hamilton''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Harding, Abner C." | '''Abner C. Harding''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|TN|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Hawkins, Isaac Roberts| '''Isaac Roberts Hawkins''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|CA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Higby, William" | '''William Higby''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NJ|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Hill, John" | '''John Hill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IN|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Holman, William S." | '''William S. Holman''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Hooper, Samuel" | '''Samuel Hooper''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WI|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Hopkins, Benjamin F." | '''Benjamin F. Hopkins''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|CT|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Hotchkiss, Julius" | '''Julius Hotchkiss''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IA|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard, Asahel W." | '''Asahel W. Hubbard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WV|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard Chester D.." | '''Chester D. Hubbard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|CT|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Hubbard, Richard D." | '''Richard D. Hubbard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|17|X}} | data-sort-value="Hulburd, Calvin T." | '''Calvin T. Hulburd''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|30|X}} | data-sort-value="Humphrey, James M." | '''James M. Humphrey''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IN|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Hunter, Morton C." | '''Morton C. Hunter''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IL|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Ingersoll, Ebnon C." | '''Ebon C. Ingersoll''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|RI|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Jenckes, Thomas | '''Thomas Jenckes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|CA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Johnson, James A." | '''James A. Johnson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|KY|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Jones, Thomas Laurens" | '''Thomas Laurens Jones''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Judd, Norman B.| '''Norman B. Judd''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Julian, George Washington| '''George Washington Julian''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Kelley, William D.| '''William D. Kelley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|25|X}} | data-sort-value="Kelsey, William H.| '''William H. Kelsey''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Kerr, Michael C." | '''Michael C. Kerr''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Ketcham, John H." | '''John H. Ketcham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WV|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Kitchen, Bethuel" | '''Bethuel Kitchen''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|KY|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Knott, J. Proctor" | '''J. Proctor Knott''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|16|X}} | data-sort-value="Koontz, William Henry" | '''William Henry Koontz''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|20|X}} | data-sort-value="Laflin, Addison" | '''Addison H. Laflin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|24|X}} | data-sort-value="Lawrence, George Van Eman" | '''George Van Eman Lawrence''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Lawrence, William" | '''William Lawrence''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MO|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Loan, Benjamin F." | '''Benjamin F. Loan''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|26|X}} | data-sort-value="Lincoln, William S." | '''William S. Lincoln''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Logan, John A." | '''John A. Logan''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IA|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Loughridge, William" | '''William Loughridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|ME|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Lynch, John" | '''John Lynch''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OR|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Mallory, Rufus" | '''Rufus Mallory''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IL|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Marshall, Samuel S." | '''Samuel S. Marshall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|18|X}} | data-sort-value="Marvin, James M." | '''James M. Marvin''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|TN|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Maynard, Horance" | '''Horace Maynard''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|23|X}} | data-sort-value="McCarthy, Dennis" | '''Dennis McCarthy''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|5|X}} | data-sort-value="McClurg, Joseph W." | '''Joseph W. McClurg''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|1|X}} | data-sort-value="McCullough, Hiram" | '''Hiram McCullough''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Mercur" | '''Ulysses Mercur''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|14|X}} | data-sort-value="Miller, George Funston" | '''George Funston Miller''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NJ|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Moore, William" | '''William Moore''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|PA|22|X}} | data-sort-value="Moorhead, James K." | '''James K. Moorhead''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Morgan, George W." | '''George W. Morgan''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|17|X}} | data-sort-value="Morrell, Daniel Johnson" | '''Daniel Johnson Morrell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Morrissey, John" | '''John Morrissey''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|TN|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Mullins, James" | '''James Mullins''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Mungen, William" | '''William Mungen''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Myers, Leonard" | '''Leonard Myers''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MO|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Newcomb, Carman A." | '''Carman A. Newcomb''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Niblack, William E." | '''William E. Niblack''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|DE|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Nicholson, John A." | '''John A. Nicholson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|TN|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Nunn, David Alexander" | '''David Alexander Nunn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="O'Neill, Charles" | '''Charles O'Neill''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|8|X}} | data-sort-value="Orth, Godlove Stein" | '''Godlove Stein Orth''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Paine, Halbert E." | '''Halbert E. Paine''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|ME|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Perham, Sidney" | '''Sidney Perham''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|ME|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Peters, John A.." | '''John A. Peters''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MD|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Phelps, Charles E." | '''Charles E. Phelps''' | | Conservative | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|ME|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Pike, Frederick Augustus" | '''Frederick Augustus Pike''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MO|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Pile, William A." | '''William A. Pile''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|15|X}} | data-sort-value="Plants, Tobais A." | '''Tobias A. Plants''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|VT|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Poland, Luke P." | '''Luke P. Poland''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WV|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Polsley, Daniel" | '''Daniel Polsley''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|24|X}} | data-sort-value="Pomeroy, Theodore M." | '''Theodore M. Pomeroy''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IA|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Price, Hiram" | '''Hiram Price''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|14|X}} | data-sort-value="Pruyn, John V. L." | '''John V. L. Pruyn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Randall, Samuel J." | '''Samuel J. Randall''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|13|X}} | data-sort-value="Raum, Green Berry" | '''Green Berry Raum''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Robertson, William" | '''William H. Robertson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Robinson, William Erigena" | '''William Erigena Robinson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Ross, Lewis W." | '''Lewis Winans Ross''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|WI|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Sawyer, Philetus" | '''Philetus Sawyer''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Scnenck, Robert C." | '''Robert C. Schenck''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|19|X}} | data-sort-value="Scofield, Glenni William" | '''Glenni William Scofield''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|28|X}} | data-sort-value="Selye, Lewis" | '''Lewis Selye''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Independent Republican (US)}}" | | Independent Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|IN|11|X}} | data-sort-value="John, P. C. Shanks" | '''John P. C. Shanks''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Shellabarger, Samuel" | '''Samuel Shellabarger''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NJ|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Sitgreaves, Charles" | '''Charles Sitgreaves''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|VT|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Smith, Worthington Curtis" | '''Worthington Curtis Smith''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|18|X}} | data-sort-value="Spalding, Rufus P." | '''Rufus P. Spalding''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|CT|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Starkweather, Henry H." | '''Henry H. Starkweather''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NH|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Stevens, Aaron Fletcher" | '''Aaron Fletcher Stevens''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|PA|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Stevens, Thaddeus" | '''Thaddeus Stevens''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|NY|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Stewart, Thomas E." | '''Thomas E. Stewart''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Independent Republican (US)}}" | | Conservative Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|TN|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Stokes, William Brickly" | '''William Brickly Stokes''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MD|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Stone, Frederick" | '''Frederick Stone''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Taber, Stephen" | '''Stephen Taber''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NE|AL|X}} | data-sort-value="Taffe, John" | '''John Taffe''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|PA|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Taylor, Caleb Newbold" | '''Caleb Newbold Taylor''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MD|4|X}} | data-sort-value="Thomas, Francis" | '''Francis Thomas''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|TN|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Trimble, John" | '''John Trimble''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MI|5|X}} | data-sort-value="Trowbridge, Rowland E." | '''Rowland E. Trowbridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MA|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Twichell, Ginery" | '''Ginery Twichell''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|MI|2|X}} | data-sort-value="Upson, Charles" | '''Charles Upson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|31|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Aernam, Henry" | '''Henry Van Aernam''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Auken, Daniel Myers" | '''Daniel Myers Van Auken''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|29|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Horn, Burt" | '''Burt Van Horn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|MO|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Horn, Robert T." | '''Robert T. Van Horn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|OH|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Trump, Philadelph" | '''Philadelph Van Trump''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Van Wyck, Charles" | '''Charles Van Wyck''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|NY|27|X}} | data-sort-value="Ward, Hamilton" | '''Hamilton Ward''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|WI|6|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburn, Cadwallader C." | '''Cadwallader C. Washburn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IN|7|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburn, Henry D." | '''Henry D. Washburn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|MA|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburn, William B." | '''William B. Washburn''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|IL|3|X}} | data-sort-value="Washburne, Elihu B." | '''Elihu B. Washburne''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|14|X}} | data-sort-value="Welker, Martin" | '''Martin Welker''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|23|X}} | data-sort-value="Williams, Thomas" | '''Thomas Williams''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IN|10|X}} | data-sort-value="Williams, William" | '''William Williams''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|IA|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, James F." | '''James F. Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|OH|11|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, John Thomas" | '''John Thomas Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|18|X}} | data-sort-value="Wilson, Stephen Fowler" | '''Stephen Fowler Wilson''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | Yea |- | {{ushr|MN|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Windom, William" | '''William Windom''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|NY|9|X}} | data-sort-value="Wood, Fernando" | '''Fernando Wood''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background-color:#ada89f;" |Absent |- | {{ushr|VT|1|X}} | data-sort-value="Woodbridge, Frederic E.k" | '''Frederick E. Woodbridge''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (US)}}" | | Republican | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | {{ushr|PA|12|X}} | data-sort-value="Woodward, George Washington" | '''George Washington Woodward''' | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (US)}}" | | Democrat | style="background:#ffdd88" |Nay |- | data-sort-value="z" colspan=6|Notes:<br>{{note|Alpha|α}} Schuyler Colfax was serving as Speaker of the House. Per House rules, "the Speaker is not required to vote in ordinary legislative proceedings, except when such vote would be decisive or when the House is engaged in voting by ballot."<ref name="rule1"/> |} {{Clear}}
==Aftermath== Radical furor over the conservative and moderate Republicans' votes against impeachment threatened a schism in the Republican Party. Two days after the failed impeachment vote, Radicals met at Thaddeus Stevens' residence to discuss creating a separate congressional organization for Radicals, separate from the Republican Party.<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/>
On December 13, 1867, members of the House availed themselves of freedom of debate in the Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, and several members discussed the failed impeachment resolution at length.<ref name="hinds"/>
With Johnson feeling liberated from the threat of impeachment, he began acting even more aggressively. He made moves that, combined with earlier actions, made it so every reconstructed state was being overseen by officers more sympathetic to former rebels than Southern loyalists to the union. On December 28, 1867, he removed John Pope from his position of command over Georgia and Alabama and Edward Ord from his position of command over Arkansas and Mississippi, replacing them respectively with the more conservative George Meade and the immensely conservative Alvan Cullem Gillem.<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/> He also substituted Meade's subordinate, Wager Swayne (who Meade had been delegating authority over Alabama to).<ref name="BenedictJSTOR"/>
On January 22, 1868, the House approved by a vote of 99–31 a resolution to launch a second impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson, this time run by the House Select Committee on Reconstruction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Journal of the United States House of Representatives (40th Congress, second session) pages 259–262 |url=https://voteview.com/source_images/house_journal/66/0#page/259/mode/2up |website=voteview.com |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=16 March 2022 |date=1868}}</ref> At a February 13, 1868 committee meeting, a vote on a motion to table consideration of a resolution proposed by Stevens to impeach Johnson had effectively signaled that five of the committee's members still stood opposed to impeachment, unchanged in their position since the December 1867 vote. After the February 13 vote, it momentarily appeared that the prospect of impeachment was dead.<ref>{{cite web |title=Washington |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/668096694 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=Chicago Evening Post |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=February 13, 1868}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Staunton Spectator Tuesday, February 18, 1868 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/72186863 |publisher=Staunton Spectator |via=Newspapers.com |access-date=22 July 2022 |language=en |url-access=subscription |date=February 18, 1868}}</ref>
===Impeachment of Johnson in 1868=== {{main|Impeachment of Andrew Johnson|Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson}}
While impeachment appeared to be a dead issue after the February 13, 1868 vote by the Committee on Reconstruction, the prospect of impeachment would receive new life days later. On February 21, 1868, Johnson, in violation of the Tenure of Office Act that had been passed by Congress in March 1867 over Johnson's veto, attempted to remove Edwin Stanton, the secretary of war who the act was largely designed to protect, from office.<ref>{{cite book| last=Trefousse| first=Hans L.| title=Andrew Johnson: A Biography| publisher=W. W. Norton & Company| location=New York City| date=1989| isbn=978-0-393-31742-8| page=[https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnson00hans/page/306 306]| url=https://archive.org/details/andrewjohnson00hans/page/306}}</ref> On February 10, the House voted to move any further responsibility over impeachment away from the Committee on the Judiciary and to the Select Committee on Reconstruction.<ref name="historyFebtoMarch"/> On February 21, 1868, Thaddeus Stevens submitted a resolution to the House resolving for the evidence taken on impeachment by first impeachment inquiry into Johnson be referred to the Select Committee on Reconstruction (who were conducting the second impeachment inquiry), and that the Committee on Reconstruction "have leave to report at any time". This resolution was approved by the House.<ref name="hinds"/> On February 22, the Select Committee on Reconstruction submitted to the House an impeachment resolution and a report that recommended Johnson be impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors.<ref name="hinds">{{cite web |last1=Hinds |first1=Asher C. |title=HINDS' PRECEDENTS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES INCLUDING REFERENCES TO PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION, THE LAWS, AND DECISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-HPREC-HINDS-V3/pdf/GPO-HPREC-HINDS-V3.pdf#page=838 |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=2 March 2021 |pages=824–831; 843; 845–846 |date=4 March 1907}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875 |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&fileName=080/llcg080.db&recNum=315 |website=memory.loc.gov |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> On February 24, 1868, the United States House of Representatives voted 126–47 to impeach Johnson for "high crimes and misdemeanors", which were detailed in eleven articles of impeachment passed in separate votes held roughly a week after the impeachment resolution was adopted.<ref name="historyFebtoMarch">{{cite web |title=Johnson Impeached, February to March 1868 {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/Johnson-Impeached/ |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=2 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=CRS98-763>{{Congressional Research Service|article = Congressional Resolutions on Presidential Impeachment: A Historical Overview|url = https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819397/m2/1/high_res_d/98-763_1998Sep16.pdf|author = Stephen W. Stathis and David C. Huckabee|access-date=December 31, 2019 | via =University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, UNT Libraries Government Documents Department}}</ref>
The primary charge presented against Johnson in the articles of impeachment that were adopted was that he had violated the Tenure of Office Act by removing Stanton from office.<ref name="historyFebtoMarch"/> It was decided by the committee tasked with drafting the articles of impeachment that they would not include any of the charges that had been recommended by Thomas Williams' Judiciary Committee majority report in the first impeachment inquiry against Johnson. ''The New York Times'' reported that inclusion of those claims would be seen as fatally harming the, "moral and legal effect of the prosecution" in Johnson's impeachment.<ref name="Stewart"/> The articles of impeachment that were ultimately produced by the committee were narrow in their focus and were legalistic and molded on criminal indictment, likely in direct reaction to the failure of the broad allegations cited in the 1867 effort to persuade the House members.<ref name="Stewart"/><ref name="Clerk"/>
Johnson was narrowly acquitted in his Senate trial, with the Senate voting 35 to 19 votes in favor of conviction, one vote short of the two-thirds majority needed to convict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Impeached but Not Removed, March to May 1868 {{!}} US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |url=https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/Johnson-Impeachment/Impeached-but-Not-Removed/ |website=history.house.gov |publisher=United States House of Representatives |access-date=2 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
==See also== *Timeline of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links== {{wikisource|has=The House Judiciary Committee's majority report, minority views, and impeachment resolution as printed in the ''New York Times'' on November 27, 1867|The New York Times/1867/11/27/Washington. Reports of the Judiciary Committee on Impeachment}}
* [https://judiciary.house.gov/uploadedfiles/report_hjc_report_on_impeachment_of_andrew_johnson_part_i.pdf Majority and minority reports of the United States House Committee on the Judiciary (printed November 25, 1867)]
{{Impeachment and impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson}} {{Andrew Johnson}} {{Federal impeachment in the United States}} {{Reconstruction Era}}
Inquiry 1 Category:1867 in the United States Johnson, Andrew 1 impeachment inquiry against Andrew Johnson