{{Short description|Family of proteins produced by ticks}} {{Infobox nonhuman protein |Organism=Rhipicephalus sanguineus |UniProt=P0C8E9 |Symbol=Eva1 |Name=Evasin-4}} '''Evasins''' are a family of salivary proteins produced in parasitic ticks which are capable of shutting off the first steps of an immune response brought about by chemokines.<ref name = "Gerritsen_2008">{{cite journal|url=https://web.expasy.org/spotlight/pdf/sptlt099.pdf|title=Hidden Powers | last1 = Gerritsen | first1 = Vivienne Baillie | name-list-style = vanc | journal = Protein Spotlight | issue = 99 | date = November 2008 }}</ref> These proteins are injected into a tick's host to prevent a painful inflammation that might otherwise alert the host to the tick's presence. As chemokines have been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer, chemokine-binding proteins such as evasins are being researched to assess their therapeutic potential as chemokine-targeting antagonists.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tick Evasins|url=http://www.undergraduatelibrary.org/system/files/Tick_Evasins_Research_Project.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190501084327/http://www.undergraduatelibrary.org/system/files/Tick_Evasins_Research_Project.pdf | archive-date = 1 May 2019 }}</ref>
The same term is also used to refer to other proteins.
== Tick evasins ==
The brown dog tick evasin-4 binds to CCL5 and CCL11, but appears to neutralize even more chemokines.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Déruaz M, Bonvin P, Severin IC, Johnson Z, Krohn S, Power CA, Proudfoot AE | title = Evasin-4, a tick-derived chemokine-binding protein with broad selectivity can be modified for use in preclinical disease models | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 280 | issue = 19 | pages = 4876–87 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23910450 | doi = 10.1111/febs.12463 | pmc = 4240464 }}</ref> It has an Ig-fold domain. Other evasins in this organism include Evasin-1 ({{UniProt|P0C8E7}}) and Evasin-3 ({{UniProt|P0C8E8}}).<ref name = "Gerritsen_2008" />
== Other evasins == '''Evasin''' is also used to refer to any viral proteins used for the evasion of the immune responses. This usage is rare.<ref name="pmid27065088">{{cite journal | vauthors = Schuren AB, Costa AI, Wiertz EJ | title = Recent advances in viral evasion of the MHC Class I processing pathway | journal = Current Opinion in Immunology | volume = 40 | pages = 43–50 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27065088 | doi = 10.1016/j.coi.2016.02.007 }}</ref>
The term is also used to refer to "Endogenous VASopeptidase INhibitors" ({{UniProt|Q9PW56}}), a kind of endogenous brain protein found in snakes.
== References == {{reflist}}
Category:Proteins