Erysipelothrix

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Diseases of Swine 31-1.png | image_caption = Cellular and colonial morphology of ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' | taxon = Erysipelothrix | authority = Rosenbach 1909 | type_species = ''Erysipelothrix erysipeloides'' | type_species_authority = (Trevisan 1889) Rosenbach 1909 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision_ref =<ref name=LPSN /> | subdivision = See text }}

'''''Erysipelothrix''''' is a genus of bacteria containing four described species: ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'', ''Erysipelothrix tonsillarum'', ''Erysipelothrix inopinata'' and ''Erysipelothrix larvae''.<ref name=LPSN/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=T. |last2=Fujisawa |first2=T. |last3=Benno |first3=Y. |last4=Tamura |first4=Y. |last5=Sawada |first5=T. |last6=Suzuki |first6=S. |last7=Muramatsu |first7=M. |last8=Mitsuoka |first8=T. |title=''Erysipelothrix tonsillarum'' sp. nov. Isolated from Tonsils of Apparently Healthy Pigs |journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology |date=1 April 1987 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=166–168 |doi=10.1099/00207713-37-2-166}}</ref><ref name=verb>{{cite journal |last1=Verbarg |first1=Susanne |last2=Rheims |first2=Holger |last3=Emus |first3=Sabine |last4=Frühling |first4=Anja |last5=Kroppenstedt |first5=Reiner M. |last6=Stackebrandt |first6=Erko |last7=Schumann |first7=Peter |title=''Erysipelothrix inopinata'' sp. nov., isolated in the course of sterile filtration of vegetable peptone broth, and description of ''Erysipelotrichaceae'' fam. nov. |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=1 January 2004 |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=221–225 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02898-0|pmid=14742484 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bang |first1=B.H. |last2=Rhee |first2=M.S. |last3=Chang |first3=D.H. |last4=Park |first4=D.S. |last5=Kim |first5=B.C. |title=''Erysipelothrix larvae'' sp. nov., isolated from the larval gut of the rhinoceros beetle, ''Trypoxylus dichotomus'' (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |date=2015 |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=443–51 |doi=10.1007/s10482-014-0342-x|pmid=25534074 |s2cid=254236355 }}</ref> Additional species have been proposed based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=T. |last2=Fujisawa |first2=T. |last3=Tamura |first3=Y. |last4=Suzuki |first4=S |last5=Muramatsu |first5=M. |last6=Sawada |first6=T. |last7=Benno |first7=Y. |last8=Mitsuoka |first8=T. |title=DNA relatedness among Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains representing all twenty-three serovars and Erysipelothrix tonsillarum |journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology |date=1992 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=469–473|doi=10.1099/00207713-42-3-469 |pmid=1503975 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=Toshio |last2=Fujisawa |first2=Tomohiko |last3=Umeno |first3=Annu |last4=Kozasa |first4=Takashi |last5=Yamamoto |first5=Kinya |last6=Sawada |first6=Takuo |title=A taxonomic study on erysipelothrix by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with numerous strains isolated from extensive origins |journal=Microbiology and Immunology |date=2008 |volume=52 |issue=10 |pages=469–478 |doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00061.x|pmid=18822080 |s2cid=19771610 }}</ref> "The hallmark of ''Erysipelothrix'' is the presence of a type B cell wall, in which the peptide bridge is formed between amino acids at positions 2 and 4 of adjacent peptide side-chains and not, as in the vast majority of bacteria, between amino acids at positions 3 and 4."<ref name=verb/>

The best-known species within the genus is ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'', which is the cause of erysipelas of domestic pigs, poultry and other animal species. In humans, ''E. rhusiopathiae'' infections are termed erysipeloid. ''Erysipelothrix tonsillarum'' has been described as a pathogen for dogs and has been isolated from the tonsils of healthy pigs and cattle.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Takahashi |first1=T |last2=Tamura |first2=Y |last3=Yoshimura |first3=H |last4=Nagamine |first4=N |last5=Kijima |first5=M |last6=Nakamura |first6=M |last7=Devriese |first7=LA |title=''Erysipelothrix tonsillarum'' isolated from dogs with endocarditis in Belgium. |journal=Research in Veterinary Science |date=March 1993 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=264–5 |pmid=8460272|doi=10.1016/0034-5288(93)90071-M }}</ref> Disease caused by ''E. inopinata'' or ''E. larvae'' has not been described.

Bacteria of genus ''Erysipelothrix'' are straight or slightly curved, slender, nonmotile rods that may exist singly, in V-shaped pairs, or in short chains. Some strains have a tendency to form long filaments. The bacteria are Gram-positive but can be mistaken for Gram-negative bacteria during analysis because they lose their staining easily. They are aerobic to facultatively anaerobic but not acid-fast.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Stackebrandt |first1=Erko |title=The Genus Erysipelothrix |date=2006 |work=The Prokaryotes |volume=4 |pages=492–510 |editor-last=Dworkin |editor-first=Martin |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/0-387-30744-3_13 |isbn=978-0-387-30744-2 |last2=Reboli |first2=Annette C. |last3=Farrar |first3=W. Edmund |editor2-last=Falkow |editor2-first=Stanley |editor3-last=Rosenberg |editor3-first=Eugene |editor4-last=Schleifer |editor4-first=Karl-Heinz}}</ref>

==Phylogeny== The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)<ref name="LPSN">{{cite web |author=Euzéby |first=J.P. |title=Erysipelothrix |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/erysipelothrix |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)}}</ref> and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).<ref name="NCBI">{{cite web |title=Erysipelothrix |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=1647&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Taxonomy Browser |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024<ref>{{cite web |title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LTP_all tree in newick format |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LTP_10_2024 Release Notes |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=May 2025}} ! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 09-RS220 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=Genome Taxonomy Database |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=bac120_r220.sp_labels |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree |website=Genome Taxonomy Database |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=Genome Taxonomy Database |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=May 2025}} |- | style="vertical-align:top| {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=''Erysipelothrix'' |1={{clade |1=''E. larvae'' Bang et al. 2016 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''E. inopinata'' Verbarg et al. 2004 |2={{clade |1=''E. anatis'' Eisenberg et al. 2022 |2=''E. aquatica'' Eisenberg et al. 2022 }} }} |2={{clade |1=''E. urinaevulpis'' Eisenberg et al. 2022 |2={{clade |1=''E. rhusiopathiae'' (Migula 1900) Buchanan 1918 |2={{clade |1=''E. piscisicarius'' Pomaranski et al. 2020 |2=''E. tonsillarum'' Takahashi et al. 1987 }} }} }} }} }} }} | {{Clade |style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=''Erysipelothrix'' |1={{clade |1=''E. larvae'' |2={{clade |1=''E. urinaevulpis'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''E. inopinata'' |2={{clade |1=''E. anatis'' |2=''E. aquatica'' }} }} |2={{clade |1=''E. tonsillarum'' |2={{clade |1=''E. piscisicarius'' |2=''E. rhusiopathiae'' }} }} }} }} }} }} |} Unassigned species: * ''E. amsterdamensis'' Zhong et al. 2024 * "''E. enhydrae''" Chang et al. 2024 * "''E. muris''" Chen et al. 2006

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=Erysipelothrix&submit=Search ''Erysipelothrix'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase] *[https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Erysipelothrix Erysipelothrix] at MicrobeWiki

Category:Mollicutes Category:Bacteria genera