{{Short description|East Asian typographical markings}} {{More footnotes needed|date=April 2019}} The '''emphasis mark''',<ref name=mark>{{cite tech report |author=CSS Working Group |editor-last1=Etemad |editor-first1=Elika J. |editor-last2=Ishii |editor-first2=Koji |date=2022-05-05 |title=CSS Text Decoration Module Level 3 |institution=World Wide Web Consortium |url=https://www.w3.org/TR/2022/CRD-css-text-decor-3-20220505/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |orig-date=1999-01-27 |version=Candidate Recommendation Draft, 5 May 2022}}</ref><ref name=mdnen/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://users.wfu.edu/yipcw/atg/ime/emphasis-mark.html|title=Emphasis Mark for Japanese in Word}}</ref> '''emphasis dot''',<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/jlreq/|title=Requirements for Japanese Text Layout|last=Japanese Layout Task Force|publisher=W3C|year=2012|language=en|id=jlreq}}</ref> {{nihongo|'''''kenten'''''<ref name=iden>{{cite web|url=https://helpx.adobe.com/indesign/using/formatting-cjk-characters.html|title=Format CJK characters|website=Adobe InDesign Learn & Support|date=24 May 2023}}</ref>|圏点<ref name=idja>{{cite web|url=https://helpx.adobe.com/jp/indesign/using/formatting-cjk-characters.html|language=Japanese|title=CJK 文字の書式設定|website=Adobe InDesign ラーニングとサポート|date=24 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/CSS/text-emphasis|title=text-emphasis|website=mdn web docs|date=9 November 2025 |language=Japanese}}</ref>}} or {{nihongo|'''''boten'''''<ref name=iden/>|傍点<ref name=idja/>|bōten}} is a typographic mark used in some East Asian languages to indicate emphasis. The markings can take many forms, such as dots or bullets, circles, or triangles. They were more commonly used historically, but with the rise of modern technology, it is now common to use quotation marks or change the font style.<ref name=mark />
== Chinese == thumb|An example of emphasis mark used in traditional vertical style writing. {| |center|An example of emphasis mark used in traditional horizontal style writing. | <div lang="zh-Hant"> # 事業是<span style="text-emphasis: dot; -webkit-text-emphasis: dot; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">幹</span>出來的，不是<span style="text-emphasis: dot; -webkit-text-emphasis: dot; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">吹</span>出來的。 # 看來，他彷佛用<span style="text-emphasis: dot; -webkit-text-emphasis: dot; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">一千隻眼睛</span>瞧著。 </div> |} In China and Hong Kong, the emphasis mark ({{zh|s=着重号}}) is used in textbooks and teaching materials. It is centred under each character highlighted in the horizontal texts, and centred to the right of each character in the vertical texts.
== Japanese == {| style="float:right; width: 100px;" |<div lang="ja" style="font-size:2.0em; writing-mode: vertical-rl; height: 6em;"><span style="text-emphasis: open dot; -webkit-text-emphasis: open dot;">ここ</span>を<span style="text-emphasis: sesame; -webkit-text-emphasis: sesame;">強調</span></div> |} In Japan, the emphasis mark ({{lang|ja|傍点}} ''{{lang|ja-Latn|bōten}}'' or {{lang|ja|圏点}} ''{{lang|ja-Latn|kenten}}'') is usually a dot or a sesame dot and is centred above each character in the horizontal texts and to the right of each character in the vertical texts.
It is not unusual for ''kenten'' and ruby to concur on the same side of the main text (usually above or to the right).
== Korean == In South Korea, the emphasis mark ({{lang|ko|드러냄표}} ''{{lang|ko-Latn|deureonaempyo}}'') usually rules as a dot or circle centred above the characters in the horizontal texts and to the right of the characters in the vertical texts.
Examples:
* using the CSS {{code|text-emphasis}} property: *: <span lang=ko>한글의 본 이름은 <span style="text-emphasis: dot; -webkit-text-emphasis: dot;">훈민정음</span>이다</span>. *: <span lang=ko>중요한 것은 <span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle;">왜 사느냐가</span> 아니라 <span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle;">어떻게 사느냐</span> 하는 문제이다.</span> * using positioned characters: : *: <span lang=ko>한글의 본 이름은 •훈•민•정•음이다.</span> *: <span lang=ko>중요한 것은 ◦왜 ◦사◦느◦냐◦가 아니라 ◦어◦떻◦게 ◦사◦느◦냐 하는 문제이다.</span>
== Vietnamese == {{no citations section|date=April 2025}} In Vietnam, the emphasis mark ({{lang|vi|dấu nhấn mạnh}}{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}) was written with various marks such as a dot, circle, or a sesame dot. It is commonly positioned to the right of the character. After Vietnam switched to the Latin alphabet, emphasis marks fell into disuse as bolding, underlining, and italics replaced the usage of emphasis marks.
*:<span lang="vi"><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">定</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">𫜵</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">科</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">次</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">固</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">𱺵</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">𡗶</span><span style="text-emphasis: open circle; -webkit-text-emphasis: open circle; text-emphasis-position: under; -webkit-text-emphasis-position: under;">空</span></span> <br/>{{lang|vi|Định làm khoa thứ có là trời không}}
center|thumb|300x300px|Emphasis marks used to mark words in the Vietnamese book, Âm chất giải âm 隂騭解音.
== Characters == Apart from any single character, the following characters are used as emphasis marks in some implementations.<ref name=mdnen>{{cite web|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-emphasis|title=text-emphasis|access-date=2021-04-08|website=MDN Web Docs}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! Glyph ! Unicode codepoint ! Unicode name ! Value for the CSS {{code|text-emphasis-style}} property ! Name used in Adobe InDesign |- |• | U+2022 | {{smallcaps|bullet}} |{{code|dot}}, {{code|filled}}, {{code|filled dot}} |small black circle |- |◦ |U+25E6 |{{smallcaps|white bullet}} |{{code|open}}, {{code|open dot}} |small white circle |- |● |U+25CF |{{smallcaps|black circle}} | {{code|circle}}, {{code|filled circle}} |black circle |- |○ |U+25CB |{{smallcaps|white circle}} |{{code|open circle}} |white circle |- |◉ |U+25C9 |{{smallcaps|fisheye}} |{{code|double-circle}}, {{code|filled double-circle}} |fisheye |- |◎ |U+25CE |{{smallcaps|bullseye}} |{{code|open double-circle}} |bullseye |- |▲ |U+25B2 |{{smallcaps|black up-pointing triangle}} |{{code|filled triangle}}, {{code|triangle}} |black triangle |- |△ |U+25B3 |{{smallcaps|white up-pointing triangle}} |{{code|open triangle}} |white triangle |- |﹅ |U+FE45 |{{smallcaps|sesame dot}} |{{code|filled sesame}}, {{code|sesame}} |black sesame |- |﹆ |U+FE46 |{{smallcaps|white sesame dot}} |{{code|open sesame}} |white sesame |}
== See also == * Chinese punctuation * Japanese punctuation * Korean punctuation
== References == {{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book|title=CJKV Information Processing|last=Lunde|first=Ken|publisher=O'Reilly|year=2009|isbn=978-0-596-51447-1|language=en|orig-year=1999}} * {{Cite book|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/data/etc_view.jsp?idx=271|title=''한글 맞춤법''|publisher=Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism|year=1988|language=ko|access-date=2019-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221184453/http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/data/etc_view.jsp?idx=271|archive-date=2014-02-21|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/dic/rule/rule01_0706.jsp|title=한글 맞춤법: VI. 드러냄표|language=ko|access-date=2019-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201204800/http://www.korean.go.kr/09_new/dic/rule/rule01_0706.jsp|archive-date=2014-02-01|url-status=dead}}
Category:Typographical symbols Category:Pages with unreviewed translations Category:East Asian typography