{{Short description|Alternative genetic code}} The '''echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code''' (translation table '''9''') is a genetic code used by the mitochondria of certain echinoderm and flatworm species.<ref name="NCBI" />
==The code==
:<code> AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNNKSSSSVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG</code> :<code>Starts = -----------------------------------M---------------M------------</code> :<code> Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG</code> :<code> Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG</code> :<code> Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG</code>
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)
==Differences from the standard code==
{|class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align: center;" |+ |- ! DNA codons !! RNA codons !! This code (9) !! style="border: none; width: 1px;" | !! Standard code (1) |- | {{mono|AAA}} || {{mono|AAA}} || style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Asn (N)}} || style="border: none; width: 1px;" | || style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | {{mono|Lys (K)}} |- | {{mono|AGA}} || {{mono|AGA}} || style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Ser (S)}} || style="border: none; width: 1px;" | || style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | {{mono|Arg (R)}} |- | {{mono|AGG}} || {{mono|AGG}} || style="background-color:#b3dec0;" | {{mono|Ser (S)}} || style="border: none; width: 1px;" | || style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | {{mono|Arg (R)}} |- | {{mono|TGA}} || {{mono|UGA}} || style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | {{mono|Trp (W)}} || style="border: none; width: 1px;" | || style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | {{mono|1=STOP = Ter (*)}} |}
==Systematic range== * Asterozoa (starfishes) <ref name="Himeno 1987" /> * Echinozoa (sea urchins) <ref name="Jacobs" /><ref name="Cantatore" /> * Rhabditophora among the Platyhelminthes<ref name="Telford" />
==See also== * List of genetic codes
==References== {{NLM content}}<ref name="NCBI">{{cite web | first1 = Andrzej | last1 = Elzanowski | first2 = Jim | last2 = Ostell | first3 = Detlef | last3 = Leipe | first4 = Vladimir | last4 = Soussov | name-list-style = vanc |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#thetop |title= The Genetic Codes|access-date=18 March 2016 | work = Taxonomy browser | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine }}</ref> {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Himeno 1987">{{Cite journal|journal=Gene|date=1987|volume=56|issue=2–3|pages=219–30|title=Unusual genetic codes and a novel gene structure for tRNA(AGYSer) in starfish mitochondrial DNA|author1=H. Himeno |author2=H. Masaki |author3=T. Kawai |author4=T. Ohta |author5=I. Kumagai |author6=K. Miura |author7=K. Watanabe |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(87)90139-9 |pmid=3678836}}</ref>
<ref name="Jacobs">{{Cite journal|journal=J Mol Biol|date=20 July 1988|volume=202|issue=2|pages=185–217|title=Nucleotide sequence and gene organization of sea urchin mitochondrial DNA.|author1=H. T. Jacobs |author2=D. J. Elliott |author3=V. B. Math |author4=A. Farquharson |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(88)90452-4|pmid=3172215}}</ref>
<ref name="Cantatore">{{Cite journal|journal=J Biol Chem|date=5 July 1989|volume=264|issue=19|pages=10965–75|title=The complete nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code of the mitochondrial genome of Paracentrotus lividus|author1=P. Cantatore |author2=M. Roberti |author3=G. Rainaldi |author4=M. N. Gadaleta |author5=C. Saccone |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60413-2|pmid=2544576|doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Telford">{{Cite journal|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A|date=10 October 2000|volume=97|issue=21|pages=11359–64|title=Changes in mitochondrial genetic codes as phylogenetic characters: two examples from the flatworms|author1=M. J. Telford |author2=E. A. Herniou |author3=R. B. Russell |author4=D. T. Littlewood |doi=10.1073/pnas.97.21.11359 |pmid=11027335 |pmc=17205|bibcode=2000PNAS...9711359T|doi-access=free}}</ref>
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
Category:Molecular genetics Category:Gene expression Category:Protein biosynthesis
{{Genetics-stub}}