An '''electronic exam''' is a format of exam that is conducted on a computer. They can offer benefits such as ease of marking, reduced need to read illegible handwriting, and time savings.
==Models== * eExam System: the first use of any eExam<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eexams.org|title=Welcome to Electronic Examinations|website=EExams.org|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref> for the award of a degree was in November 2009 at University of Tasmania.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/laptops-pass-the-big-exam/story-e6frgcjx-1225798847988|title=Laptops pass the big exam|last=Lane|first=Bernard|date=18 November 2009|work=The Australian|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> It was later adopted for entrance examinations by Tasmanian Qualifications Authority in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasc.tas.gov.au/4DCGI/_WWW_notices_read/2953|title=ITS315108 exam arrangements in 2011|last=Geeves|first=Phil|date=19 April 2011|website=Office of Tasmanian Assessment, Standards & Certification|publisher=Tasmanian Government|access-date=10 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111044420/https://www.tasc.tas.gov.au/4DCGI/_WWW_notices_read/2953|archive-date=11 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016 the eExam became the subject of a national project in Australian universities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transformingexams.com|title=Transforming Exams - A scalable examination platform for BYOD invigilated assessment|website=www.transformingexams.com|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref> Security methods limit access to the eExam flash drive, prevent use of all communication channels, and require a unique desktop security image photograph for every sitting. The source code is available under open source GPL licences. * CQUniversity Australia: Exam Pro was used in a supervised eExam consisting of short answer and essay-type questions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Wibowo|first1=Santoso|last2=Grandhi|first2=Srimannarayana|last3=Chugh|first3=Ritesh|last4=Sawir|first4=Erlenawati|date=September 2016|title=A Pilot Study of an Electronic Exam System at an Australian University|journal=Journal of Educational Technology Systems|volume=45|issue=1|pages=5–33|doi=10.1177/0047239516646746|s2cid=64430855 |issn=0047-2395}}</ref> * [https://www.abitti.fi Abitti]: its mission was to transform university entrance assessments in Finland to {{not a typo|eExams}} by 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digabi.fi/digabi-en|title=Digabi – timetable|language=fi-FI|access-date=2016-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312000801/https://digabi.fi/digabi-en/|archive-date=2017-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> The source code<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/digabi/digabi-os|title=digabi/digabi-os|website=GitHub|access-date=2016-08-10}}</ref> is available under a GPLv3 license. * RU exam system: this uses a Linux-based system for student laptops at Reykjavik University<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alfredsson|first=Frey|date=2014|title=Bring-Your-Own-Device Exam system for campuses|url=https://events.nordu.net/plugins/servlet/conference-attachment/talks/257/431|journal=Nordunet 2014|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> * Secure-Exam-Environment: from Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt uses Moodle on a Knoppix-flavoured Linux distribution.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Frankl|first1=Gabriele|last2=Schartner|first2=Peter|last3=Zebedin|first3=Gerald|date=2011-10-19|title=The "Secure Exam Environment" for Online Testing at the Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt / Austria Why Online-Testing?|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235355346}}</ref>
==Challenges== Objections emphasize the unreliability of computer equipment or the potential for cheating. Some hacks cool the computer to 0 Celsius, allowing eExam information in the computer's RAM to be preserved for about 45 seconds.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gruhn|first1=M.|last2=Müller|first2=T.|title=2013 International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security |chapter=On the Practicability of Cold Boot Attacks |date=2013-09-01|pages=390–397|doi=10.1109/ARES.2013.52|isbn=978-0-7695-5008-4|s2cid=206508798 }}</ref> This is irrelevant if the exam is published after the assessment and open source software is used (since the material is in the public domain).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dawson|first=Phillip|date=2016-07-01|title=Five Ways to Hack and Cheat with Bring-Your-Own-Device Electronic Examinations|journal=British Journal of Educational Technology|volume=47|issue=4|pages=592–600|doi=10.1111/bjet.12246|issn=1467-8535}}</ref> These criticisms have been answered by a risk tree comparison with paper-based examinations, finding that typing and handwriting in examinations are similarly secure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sindre|first1=Guttorm|last2=Vegendla|first2=Aparna|date=2015-12-15|title=E-exams versus paper exams: A comparative analysis of cheating-related security threats and countermeasures|url=http://ojs.bibsys.no/index.php/NISK/article/view/298|journal=Norsk Informasjonssikkerhetskonferanse|volume=8|issue=1|pages=34–45|issn=1894-7735}}</ref>
The challenges of e-exams are usability, increased stress due to unfamiliarity with e-exam systems, and inadequate functionality.<ref name=":0" />
==See also== * Electronic assessment
==References== {{Reflist}}
===Bibliography=== * Hillier, Mathew (2014). "The very idea of e-Exams: student (pre)conceptions" (PDF). ''Rhetoric and Reality: proceedings of ascilite 2014'', 23–26 November, Dunedin, New Zealand. ASCILITE. Retrieved 16 August 2016. * Mogey, Nora and Fluck, Andrew, “Factors influencing student preference when comparing handwriting and typing for essay style examinations”, ''British Journal of Educational Technology'', '''46''' (4) pp. 793–802.doi:10.1111/bjet.12171 * Fluck, A and Pullen, DL and Harper, C, “Case study of a computer based examination system”, ''Australasian Journal of Educational Technology'', '''25''' (4) pp. 509–523. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.1126
Category:Examinations