Dynamics (mechanics)

In physics, '''dynamics''' or '''classical dynamics'''<ref>{{cite book | last=Greenwood | first=D.T. | title=Classical Dynamics | publisher=Dover Publications | series=Dover books on mathematics | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-486-69690-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7rj83I98yMC | access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1=Thornton | first1=S.T. | last2=Marion | first2=J.B. | title=Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems | publisher=Brooks/Cole | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-534-40896-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOqLQgAACAAJ | access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last1=José | first1=J.V. | last2=Saletan | first2=E.J. | title=Classical Dynamics: A Contemporary Approach | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-521-63636-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eql9dRQDgvQC | access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref> is the study of forces and their effect on motion. It is a branch of classical mechanics, along with ''statics'' and ''kinematics''. The ''fundamental principle of dynamics'' is linked to Newton's second law.<ref name="z988">{{cite book | last=Mittelstedt | first=Christian | title=Engineering Mechanics 3: Dynamics | chapter=Kinetics of a point mass | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | date=2025 | isbn=978-3-662-69972-0 | doi=10.1007/978-3-662-69973-7_2 | pages=35–69}}</ref>

==Subdivisions==

===Rigid bodies=== {{excerpt|Rigid-body dynamics|templates=-classical mechanics}}

===Fluids=== {{excerpt|Fluid dynamics|templates=-continuum mechanics|files=1}}

==Applications== {{see also|Applications of fluid dynamics}} Classical dynamics finds many applications: * Aerodynamics, the study of the motion of air * Brownian dynamics, the occurrence of Langevin dynamics in the motion of particles in solution * File dynamics, stochastic motion of particles in a channel * Flight dynamics, the science of aircraft and spacecraft design * Molecular dynamics, the study of motion on the molecular level * Langevin dynamics, a mathematical model for stochastic dynamics * Orbital dynamics, the study of the motion of rockets and spacecraft * Stellar dynamics, a description of the collective motion of stars * Vehicle dynamics, the study of vehicles in motion

==Generalizations== Non-classical dynamics include: * System dynamics, the study of the behavior of complex systems * Quantum dynamics analogue of classical dynamics in a quantum physics context * Quantum chromodynamics, a theory of the strong interaction (color force) * Quantum electrodynamics, a description of how matter and light interact * Relativistic dynamics, a combination of relativistic and quantum concepts * Thermodynamics, the study of the relationships between heat and mechanical energy

==See also== {{main cat|Dynamics (mechanics)}} * Analytical dynamics * Ballistics * Contact dynamics * Dynamical simulation * Kinetics (physics) * Multibody dynamics * ''n''-body problem * Newtonian dynamics

==References== {{reflist}}

Category:Dynamics (mechanics)