Waste collector

{{Short description|Person employed by a public or private enterprise to collect and dispose of waste}} {{Redirect|Dustman|the ''Mega Man'' character|Robot Master|fictional ''Planescape'' Dustmen|Faction (Planescape){{!}}Faction (''Planescape'')}} {{Redirect|Garbage collector|use of the term in computer science|Garbage collection (computer science)}} {{Distinguish|Street sweeper (occupation)}} [[File:Eboueurs 20100508 Aix-en-Provence 1.jpg|thumb|Waste collectors in Aix-en-Provence, France]] A '''waste collector''', also known as a '''garbage man''', '''garbage collector''', '''trashman''' (in the U.S), '''binman''' or '''dustman''' (in the UK), is a person employed by a public or private enterprise to collect and dispose of municipal solid waste (refuse) and recyclables from residential, commercial, industrial or other collection sites for further processing and waste disposal. Specialised waste collection vehicles (also known as garbage trucks in the U.S., bin lorries in the UK) featuring an array of automated functions are often deployed to assist waste collectors in reducing collection and transport time and for protection from exposure. Waste and recycling pickup work is physically demanding and usually exposes workers to an occupational hazard.

The first known waste collectors were said to come from Britain in the 1350s, coinciding with the Black Plague, and were called "rakers."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wasterecyclingworkersweek.org/history-of-the-garbage-man/|title=History of the Garbage Man|website=Waste and Recycling Workers Week|date=23 January 2013 |language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref>

A related occupation is that of a sanitation worker who operates and maintains sanitation technology.<ref name=":0">World Bank, ILO, WaterAid, and WHO (2019). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3719 Health, Safety and Dignity of Sanitation Workers: An Initial Assessment]. World Bank, Washington, DC.</ref>{{rp|2}}

==Health and safety hazards== Statistics show that waste collection is one of the most dangerous jobs, at times more dangerous than police work but consistently less dangerous than commercial fishing and ranch and farm work. On-the-job hazards include broken glass, medical waste such as syringes, caustic chemicals, objects falling out of overloaded containers, diseases that may accompany solid waste, asbestos, dog attacks and pests, inhaling dust, smoke and chemical fumes, severe weather, traffic accidents, and unpleasant smells that can make someone physically sick.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/most-dangerous-jobs-2011-9#no-7-refuse-and-recyclable-material-collectors-9 |title=The 15 Most Dangerous Jobs In America |at=No. 7: Refuse and recyclable material collectors |work=Business Insider |last1=Lubin |first1=Gus |last2=Lincoln |first2=Kevin |date=21 September 2011 |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riskmanagementmonitor.com/the-10-most-dangerous-jobs-in-america/ |title=The 10 Most Dangerous Jobs in America{{snd}}Risk Management Monitor |website=Risk Management Monitor |date=20 September 2011 |last=Holbrook |first=Emily |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>

Risks also exist from working in close proximity to traffic hazards and using heavy machinery (such as container lifters and compactors) on collection vehicles.

=== Refuse Collection Vehicle Safety === thumb|Waste collectors riding on refuse collection truck in Tbilisi, Georgia {{See also|Garbage truck|label 1=Garbage Trucks}} In most countries worldwide, waste collectors operate moving vehicles to aid in gathering garbage. There are several types of waste-collecting vehicles: front-load trucks, rear-load trucks, side-load trucks, and roll-on-off trucks.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blog.municibid.com/the-four-types-of-garbage-trucks-we-see-today/ | title=The Four Types of Garbage Trucks We See Today - Municibid Blog | date=7 June 2022 }}</ref> Waste collecting trucks can be automatic or semi-automatic, lessening the ergonomic challenges for workers. Lifting and loading waste bins remains the main ergonomic stressor associated with the waste-collecting occupation. Collectors are at risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Battini |first1=Daria |last2=Botti |first2=Lucia |last3=Mora |first3=Cristina |last4=Sgarbossa |first4=Fabio |date=2018-01-01 |title=Ergonomics and human factors in waste collection: analysis and suggestions for the door-to-door method |journal=IFAC-PapersOnLine |series=16th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2018 |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages=838–843 |doi=10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.443 |issn=2405-8963|doi-access=free |hdl=11380/1187316 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Risk for injury includes a risk of falling off the truck while it is moving, being run-over by passing motor vehicles, being run over when a waste-collecting truck is reversing, slipping and falling off the refuse vehicle, and losing or otherwise injuring limbs due to getting caught in equipment.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2023-08-08 |title=Preventing worker injuries and deaths from moving refuse collection vehicles. |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-110/default.html |journal=NIOSH |language=en-us |doi=10.26616/NIOSHPUB97110 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Waste-collecting vehicles can expose workers to higher amounts of exhaust as many have exhaust pipes located on the back of the vehicle.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=An |first1=Huren |last2=Englehardt |first2=James |last3=Fleming |first3=Lora |last4=Bean |first4=Judy |date=October 1999 |title=Occupational health and safety amongst municipal solid waste workers in Florida |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3070.1999.00058.x |journal=Waste Management and Research |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=369–377 |doi=10.1034/j.1399-3070.1999.00058.x |issn=0734-242X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Safety Hazards of Waste === thumb|Medical waste bin Waste collecting involves the collection of municipal waste and hazardous waste, which can introduce exposure to biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards. In the U.S., hazardous waste collection is monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Alongside the EPA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) works closely to establish guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Hazardous Waste |url=https://www.osha.gov/hazardous-waste |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Occupational Safety and Health Administration}}</ref> Municipal waste collectors often are exposed to amounts of hazardous waste because a degree of hazardous waste is permissible in municipal waste; developing countries have a higher risk of hazardous waste contaminating municipal waste due to early infrastructure and less tightly regulated systems.<ref name=":1" /> Different waste collecting jobs may have additional hazards or job-specific hazards. Hazardous waste collectors handle highly toxic waste and have an increased risk of exposure to chemical hazards. Medical waste collectors have an increased risk of exposure to biological waste hazards as they handle biomedical waste. thumb|Street sweeper carrying waste in Qom, Iran Hazards associated with waste-collection include increased exposure to chemical hazards associated with diesel exhaust, heavy metals, VOCs, PCBs, and dust; and biological hazards such as microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and spores, viruses, and protozoa; and physical hazards such as sharp objects, broken objects, heavy objects, and machinery.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-04 |title=Exposure to dangerous substances in the waste management sector |url=https://oshwiki.osha.europa.eu/en/themes/exposure-dangerous-substances-waste-management-sector |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=OSHWIKI}}</ref> Physical hazards include ergonomic hazards such as development of WMSD such as sprains, strains, and tears.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-12 |title=Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders & Ergonomics {{!}} Workplace Health Strategies by Condition {{!}} Workplace Health Promotion {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/index.html |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> The job requires much repetitive lifting and pulling of waste material of varying weight, bending over, and movement in awkward positions. Despite assistance from refuse collection trucks, waste collectors often must haul garbage and recyclables to the truck and most still engage in a degree of lifting waste into the vehicle.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ergonomic assessment: Garbage collection {{!}} Centre of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (CRE-MSD)|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/centre-of-research-expertise-for-the-prevention-of-musculoskeletal-disorders/resources/fact-sheets-and-handouts/ergonomic-assessment-garbage-collection|access-date=2023-12-04|website=uwaterloo.ca|language=en}}</ref> Many waste collecting jobs are conducted outside, exposing workers to weather conditions, such as extreme heat or cold, that can pose additional health risks, while also putting waste collectors in close proximity to moving vehicles, which can result in them being hit by cars.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-05 |title=14 Behind-the-Scenes Secrets of Garbage Collectors |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/62038/14-behind-scenes-secrets-garbage-collectors |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=Mental Floss |language=en-us}}</ref> With a multitude of tangible hazards, waste collectors are at risk for psychosocial hazards as it is a physically taxing job involving long hours, median pay, and not well socially supported.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ziaei |first1=Mansour |last2=Choobineh |first2=Alireza |last3=Abdoli-Eramaki |first3=Mohammad |last4=Ghaem |first4=Haleh |last5=Jaberi |first5=Omid |date=2019-07-15 |title=Psychological and physical job demands, decision latitude, and work-related social support among Iranian waste collectors |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X19304106 |journal=Waste Management |volume=95 |pages=377–387 |doi=10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.031 |pmid=31351624 |bibcode=2019WaMan..95..377Z |s2cid=198324834 |issn=0956-053X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) === thumb|Waste collector in Tehran, Iran For the U.S., OSHA provides guidelines for PPE. Those disposing of waste, including hazardous waste, medical waste, municipal waste, and other waste from collection sites, are encouraged to follow OSHA guidelines as necessary.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=General requirements |url=https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.132 |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=Occupational Safety and Health Administration}}</ref> Basic PPE includes wearing gloves, goggles or other eye protection equipment, coveralls, face-shield and steel-toed boots or shoes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-05 |title=Personal Protective Equipment |url=https://www.epa.gov/emergency-response/personal-protective-equipment |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=United States Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> Proper training is an essential part of protecting waste collectors from injury or illness. RCRA training is required of those who handle hazardous waste.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Training Modules |url=https://www.epa.gov/rcra/resource-conservation-and-recovery-act-rcra-training-modules |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=United States Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref>

==Society and culture== {{expand section|date=May 2021}}

=== Regional names === Many varieties of English have a range of names for waste collectors, from formal job titles for municipal employees, to colloquial and regional terms. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Australian English: !American and Canadian English: !British and Irish English: !Scots And Scottish English: |- | *Wasteman *Garbo (derived from an old street cry){{refn |group=note | The Australian term ''garbo'' stems from a now-disused street cry used by garbagemen during the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |location=Sydney |page=2 |title=The silence of the bottle-oh |date=15 December 1951 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18244445 |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>}} |Garbage man Garbage collector |Binman Dustman |Scaffy Essy Kert (Shetland Scots) |}

===People=== ====Former waste collectors==== *Derf Backderf worked as a garbageman after finishing high school and wrote a comic called ''Trashed'' based on his experiences. *Georges St-Pierre{{snd}} a mixed martial artist and UFC Welterweight Champion, worked as a garbage man for 6 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weblogs.baltimoresun.com/sports/mma/blog/2008/07/qa_with_georges_st_pierre.html|title=Welcome to the MMA Insider blog on baltimoresun.com|first=Baltimore|last=Sun}}</ref>

====Fictional waste collectors==== *The films ''Blood Feast'', ''Scanners III: The Takeover'' and ''Child's Play 3'' all feature minor characters being murdered with refuse trucks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.classicrefusetrucks.com/film.html |title=Refuse trucks on film |last=Voytko |first=Eric |year=2016 |website=Classic Refuse Trucks |access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> *Lala Hagoromo from the 2019 anime ''Star Twinkle PreCure'' collected trash for a living due to her poor skills assessment before becoming Cure Milky.<ref>''Star Twinkle PreCure'' episode 29</ref>

==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book |series=California Occupational Guide |number=460 |title=Mechanical{{snd}}Skilled Occupations: Refuse Collectors |url=http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov/file/occguide/Garbage.PDF |publisher=State of California, Employment Development Department |year=2002 |access-date=20 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060420040610/http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov/file/occguide/Garbage.PDF |archive-date=20 April 2006 |url-status=dead }} {{Waste}}

Category:Cleaning and maintenance occupations Category:Occupational safety and health Category:Waste collection