{{Short description|Arabic phrase which contains the salutation upon the Prophet of Islam}} [[File:Salavat by Shams ud-Din.jpg|thumb|Calligraphic Arabic text of the "Salawat": {{langx|ar|«اللهم صل علی محمد و آل محمد»}}, meaning "Blessings and peace be upon Muhammad and his family", in the handwriting of ''Shamsuddin Asaf Jahi'']] thumb|Arabic text of another shape of "Salawat": {{langx|ar|«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و سَلَّم»}}, meaning "May God send his mercy and blessings upon him" '''Salawat''' ({{langx|ar|صَلَوَات|translit=ṣalawāt}}; {{Singular}} {{langx|ar|صَلَاة|translit=ṣalāh|label=none}}) or '''durood''' ({{Langx|fa|{{unq|دُرُود}}|dorood}}, {{Langx|ur|{{unq|دُرُوْد}}|durood}}) is an Islamic complimentary Arabic phrase which contains veneration for Muhammad. This phrase is usually expressed by Muslims as part of their five daily prayers (usually during the {{transliteration|ar|tashahhud}}) and also when Muhammad's name is mentioned.<ref name="Zubair 2017">{{cite web | last=Zubair | first=Khwaja Mohammed | title=Salutations on our dear Prophet | website=Khaleej Times | date=2017-05-31 | url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/ramadan-2017/salutations-on-our-dear-prophet | access-date=2021-09-17}}</ref><ref>"Muhammad, Shuaib." Knowing the Certainty.e-book, 2010</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sholawat Ibrahimiyah Arab dan Terjemahan, Bacaan Sholawat Nabi Paling Utama |url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2023/06/20/sholawat-ibrahimiyah-arab-dan-terjemahan-bacaan-sholawat-nabi-paling-utama |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=Surya.co.id |language=id-ID}}</ref> {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} is a plural form of {{transliteration|ar|salat}} ({{langx|ar|صَلَاة}}) and from the triliteral root of ''ṣ-l-w'' (the letters {{transliteration|ar|ṣād-lām-wā}}, {{lang|ar|ص ل و}}) which literally means 'prayer' or 'send blessings upon'.<ref>"Abbas Jaffer, Masuma Jaffer." T Quranic Science. ICAN Press, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://corpus.quran.com/translation.jsp?chapter=2&verse=157 |title=Verse (2:157) - English Translation |access-date=2 March 2024 |website=Quranic Arabic Corpus}}</ref> Some Arabic philologists suggest that the meaning of the word {{transliteration|ar|"Salawat"}} varies depending on who uses the word and to whom it is used for.<ref name="muḥammad1975">{{cite book |title=A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry |first=Badawī|last=Muḥammad Muṣṭafá|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 1975}}</ref>{{Break}}
The suffix {{lang|ar|«صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِه»}}, meaning "May God's peace be upon him and his household", is a respectful Arabic term used in Arabic and Pakistan Islamic texts to respect the prophet of Islam, Muhammad when his name mentioned. Of course, this term can be used for the Fourteen Infallibles or any great person.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://hawzah.net/fa/Article/View/94925/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%91%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87?SearchText=%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA&LPhrase= |title = اهمیت فوق العاده صلوات بر پیامبر صلّی اللّه علیه و آله |trans-title = The extraordinary importance of sending blessings upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his family) |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> This phrase is most often used after the name Muhammad. This Arabic phrase may also come after the names of special and holy people. All of these phrases mean "asking for divine favor for a special and holy person."<ref> {{cite web |url = https://alefbalib.com/Metadata/237004/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C(124000)-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86- |title = قرآن کریم و بشارتهای پیامبران |trans-title = The Holy Quran and the Good News of the Prophets |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = https://smtnews.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84-%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2-38/34192-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A7 |title = اسامی تمام پیامبران از آدم تا خاتم |trans-title = The names of all the prophets from Adam to the last prophet. |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> On the other hand, in Islamic sources, {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} may also be seen in other forms, including {{lang|ar|«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و آلِه و سَلَّم»}} (translation: May God grant him and his family mercy and peace), {{lang|ar|«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و سَلَّم»}} (translation: May God send his mercy and blessings upon him), {{lang|ar|«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه و آلِه»}} (translation: May God's blessings be upon him and his household), {{lang|ar|«صَلَی اللهُ عَلَیه»}} (translation: May God's blessings be upon him), {{lang|ar|«صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ»}} (translation: May the peace of Allah be upon him) or {{lang|ar|«صَلَواتُ ﷲِ وَ سَلامِه عَلَیه»}} (translation: May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).<ref> {{cite web |url = https://hawzah.net/fa/Article/View/100377/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87 |title = سلام و صلوات؛ خدا و ملائکه و مومنان؛ بر پیامبر اکرم صلی ا...علیه و آله |trans-title = Peace and blessings of God, the angels, and the believers be upon the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him and his family. |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> According to some researchers, {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} is expressed in more than 210 different Arabic phrases in Islamic sources.<ref name="noormags.ir">{{cite journal | last1 = صمدانیان | first1 = محسن | last2 = صبوری | first2 = امید | date = | title = صلوات و پیامبر(ص) در صحیفه سجادیه | trans-title = Blessings and the Prophet (PBUH) in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyyah | url = https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/268930/%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%b5%d9%84%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%84%db%8c%d9%87-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b5%d8%ad%db%8c%d9%81%d9%87-%d8%b3%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af%db%8c%d9%87 | journal = مجله قرآنی کوثر | quote = شماره ۲۳، زمستان ۱۳۸۵ش و بهار ۱۳۸۶ش. | volume = | issue = | language = fa | pages = 76, 77 | doi = | access-date = }}</ref>
{{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} with the text {{lang|ar|«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد»}}, meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family", or with the text {{lang|ar|«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد و عَجِّل فَرَجَهُم»}}, meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family and hasten their attainment", is an Islamic invocation used to honor Muhammad and his family.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.tarafdari.com/node/1965828 |title = الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ |date = 26 July 2021 |trans-title = خدایا بر محمد و آل محمّد درود فرست و فرج ایشان را نزدیک بفرما |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> The most famous form of {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} throughout history and according to the sources, has been to say it in the form of {{lang|ar|«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد»}}, meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his household".<ref> {{cite journal | last = فیاض | first = محمدصادق | date = | title = فقه فریقین و جایگاه اهلبیت(ع) در صلوات | trans-title = | url = | journal = در پژوهشنامه فقهی | quote = شمارۀ ۵، پاییز ۱۳۹۰ش. | volume = | issue = 5 | language = fa | pages = 168–169 | doi = | access-date = }} </ref> In Islamic circles, when the name of Muhammad is mentioned, it is customary to send blessings upon him to respect his high position.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://mehrnews.com/news/4772249/%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%87 |title = حقیقت «صلوات» و «صلواتیه» |date = 15 November 2019 |trans-title = The truth about "Salawat" and "Salawatiyyah" |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/309506/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%B5-%D9%88-%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%87%DB%8C |title = استفاده از حروف (ص) و (ع) برای پیامبر و اهل بیت از نگاه فقیهی که سرش را بریدند |date = 21 August 2013 |trans-title = The use of the letters (PBUH) and (AS) for the Prophet and the Ahlul Bayt from the perspective of the jurist who was beheaded |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> Also, the recitation of {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} is used in worship because of its virtue and reward, and sometimes people even vow to recite a specific number of it (for example, 100, 200, or 1000) in order to have their heartfelt desires (called "Haajat" in Islamic thoughts),<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/3783024/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B4%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA |title = صلوات با فواید شگفت انگیز برای حاجت و زندگی |trans-title = Salawat with amazing benefits for needs and life |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> so that through this, they may receive God's grace and their problems may be resolved.<ref> {{cite book |last = قضاوی |first = عفت |author-link = |date = |title = ختم صلوات در کتاب «کِلْک و کتاب» |trans-title = |url = |location = |publisher = |quote = تألیف رسول جعفریان، بیجا، بینا، ۱۳۹۳ش. |language = fa |volume = |page = 371 |isbn = }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.mizanonline.ir/fa/news/379511/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA |title = همه چیز درباره آثار و برکات صلوات |trans-title = Everything about the effects and blessings of Salawat |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.namaz.ir/fazilat-va-savab-salavat/ |title = آثار و ثواب صلوات فرستادن در دنیا و آخرت |date = 31 January 2024 |trans-title = The effects and rewards of saying Salawat in this world and the hereafter |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = http://ensani.ir/fa/article/45634/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA |title = فوائد صلوات |trans-title = Benefits of Salawat |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref>
==Significance== In Islam, when a Muslim or angel ({{transliteration|ar|malāk}}) recites {{transliteration|ar|salawat}}, it means they are sending it to Muhammad and are showing God their respect for Muhammad, while when the same is sending upon Muhammad by God himself, it means he is blessed by God (''name of God in Islam'').<ref name="Zubair 2017" /> "When Muhammad sends {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon the believers, it indicates his prayer for their welfare, blessing and salvation."<ref>"Seyed Mahmoud Madani" Special Salawaat of the month of Sha'aban. Ansariyan,2014</ref>
Muhammad was also reported to have said: "The meanest person is he who does not invoke {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon me when my name is mentioned in his presence."<ref>"Muhammad Imran" Path of paradise. Islamic Book Centre,1900</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/48/177 |title=Jami' at-Tirmidhi 3546 - Chapters on Supplication - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |publisher=Sunnah.com |date= |accessdate=2022-08-22}}</ref>
Ibn Asakri transmitted from al-Hasan bin Ali that Muhammad said: "Invoke more {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon me, for your invocation is conducive to your sins being forgiven. And pray for me a high status and intercession, for surely my intercession will plead in your favour before Allah."<ref name="muḥammad1975" />
According to Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad said: "All supplications to Allah will remain in a veil from the sky until a {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} is sent to Mohammad PBUH and his Household."<ref>{{cite book |title=Scale of wisdom |first=Rayshahri|last=Muḥammad|publisher=British Library|year= 2008}}</ref> In another tradition, Ja'far al-Sadiq was quoted that: "Whoever sends {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} on the Prophet PBH and his Household means 'I am standing on the promise that I gave when Allah asked me, 'Am I not your lord? And I answered yes you are.'"<ref>"Muhammad Ameen" Al-Burhan (The conclusive proof). Maktaba Subah-e-Noor, 1995</ref>
==The concept of "Aal" in {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}}== When the companions and friends of Muhammad asked him: "How should we send blessings, peace, and greetings upon you?" Muhammad included the word «{{lang|ar|آلِ}}», "Aal" (''meaning family, household or progeny'') in his {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} and asked for all the mercy and blessings that were requested from God for his family too, this meaning, Muhammad wants all the mercy and blessings that were requested from God in {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} for his "family" or his "household" or his "progeny" (''including the twelve Imams with Muhammad's daughter, Fatima, or the so-called the fourteen infallibles in Twelver Shia doctrine'').<ref> {{cite web |url = https://article.tebyan.net/415160/%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B5-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF |title = بر پیامبر (ص) صلوات ناقص نفرستید |date = 7 March 2018 |trans-title = Do not send incomplete blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH). |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref>
==How to cite {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}}== thumb|upright=1.0|"Blessings of God be upon him and his household and peace" ({{lang|ar|صَلَّىٰ ﷲ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ}})
[[File:Iranian pilgrims to al-Askari shrine, Samarra - Nov 5, 2017 08.jpg|thumb|An artistic frame of {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} with the inscription: {{langx|ar|اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد و عَجِّل فَرَجَهُم}}, meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, and hasten their release", installed in an Islamic religious site (''the Al-Askari Shrine in Samarra'').]] {{Islam|state=collapsed}} {{Muhammad}}
In the many Islamic orison writings, explained how to greet Muhammad according to the traditions. In the book "Sahih al-Bukhari" written by Muhammad al-Bukhari, it is narrated from "Abu Saeed al-Khudri" that: "We said, O Messenger of God! Peace be upon you is known; how should we send blessings upon you?", the Prophet said: {{Blockquote |text={{lang|ar|«قُولُوا الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد عَبْدِکَ وَ رَسُولِکَ کَما صَلَّیْتَ على اِبْراهیمَ و آلِ اِبْراهیمَ وَ بارِکْ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کما بارَکْتَ على اِبْراهیمَ»}}<ref> {{cite book |last = البخاری الجعفی |first = محمد بن إسماعیل أبو عبدالله |author-link = Sahih al-Bukhari |date = 1987 |title = صحیح البخاری |trans-title = The Correction of al-Bukhari |url = |location = بیروت |publisher = دار ابن کثیر، الیمامه |quote = تحقیق: مصطفى دیب البغا، ۱۴۰۷ ق. ۱۹۸۷م، چاپ سوم، ج ۴، ص ۱۸۰۲، ح ۴۵۱۹. |language = fa |volume = 4 |page = 1802 |isbn = }} </ref> }} Meaning: {{Blockquote |text="Say, O Allah! Send peace upon Muhammad, Your servant and Your Messenger, as You sent peace upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim, and send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim."<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.hadithlib.com/hadithtxts/view/23010947 |title = چگونگى درود فرستادن بر پيامبر |trans-title = How to send blessings upon the Prophet |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> }}
In the same book and on the same page, this Hadith is narrated in more detail from "Ka’b ibn Ujrah" (one of the companions of Muhammad)<ref> {{cite web |url = https://quran.inoor.ir/fa/propername/1559/ |title = معرفی کعب بن عجره انصاری |trans-title = Introducing Kaab ibn Ujrah Ansari |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> who said to Muhammad: "We have learned how to greet you, but how should we send blessings upon you?" Muhammad said "you should say":<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.hadithlib.com/hadithtxts/view/1203677 |title = چگونگى درود فرستادن بر پيامبر و آل او |trans-title = How to send blessings upon the Prophet and his family |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text={{lang|ar|«اللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ، اَلّلهُمَّ بارِکْ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما بارَکْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»}} }} Meaning: {{Blockquote |text="O Allah, send peace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent peace upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, for You are Praiseworthy and Glorious, and bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You bestowed blessings upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, for You are Praiseworthy and Glorious." }}
Note that Al-Bukhari mentions these Hadiths under the verse 56 of Surah Al-Ahzab: {{lang|ar|«اِنَّ اللهَ وَ مَلائِکَتَهُ یُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ یا اَیُّهَا الَّذینَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَیْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلیما»}}, meaning, "Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask Him to do so]. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [Allah to grant him] peace".<ref> {{cite web |url = https://old.makarem.ir/compilation/reader.aspx?mid=13020 |title = آیه صلوات و درود |trans-title = Verse of blessings and peace |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref>
In the book ''Sahih Muslim'' written by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, which is the second most famous Hadith reference book for Sunni Muslims, it is narrated from “Abi Mas’ud al-Ansari”<ref name=rabmas> {{cite web |url = https://library.tebyan.net/fa/Viewer/Text/63408/79 |title = ابو مسعود "عقبه بن عمرو انصارى" |trans-title = Abu Massoud "Aqba ibn Amru Ansari" |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> that: The Prophet came to us while we were in the assembly of "Sa’d ibn Ibadah", then "Bashir", the son of "Sa’d", said: "O Messenger of God! God has commanded us to send blessings upon you, how should we send blessings upon you?". The Prophet was silent at first, then he said "you should say":<ref> {{cite book |last = صحیح مسلم |first = مسلم بن الحجاج أبو الحسین القشیری النیسابوری |author-link = Sahih Muslim |date = |title = الجامع الصحیح المسمى |trans-title = |url = |location = بیروت |publisher = دار إحیاء التراث العربی |quote = تحقیق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقی، بی تا، ج ۱، ص ۳۰۵، ح ۶۵. |language = ar |volume = 1 |page = 305 |isbn = }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = https://hadeethenc.com/fa/browse/hadith/5377 |title = ای پیامبر، به ما بیاموز چگونه بر تو سلام و درود بفرستیم؟ |trans-title = O Prophet, teach us how to send greetings and peace upon you? |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text={{lang|ar|«اللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ، بارِکْ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کما بارَکْتَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ فى الْعالَمینَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»}} }} Meaning: {{Blockquote |text="O Allah, send peace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent peace upon the family of Ibrahim. Send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent blessings upon the family of Ibrahim to the worlds. You are the Praiseworthy and the Glorious." }}
In one of the Sunni interpretation books called "Al-Dur al-Manthur" by Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, which is the most famous book of narration interpretation among Sunnis, the author cites the same narration of "Abu Saeed al-Khudri" from "Sahih al-Bukhari", "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", "Ibn Majah", and "Ibn Mardavieh" on behalf of Muhammad. In the same book, the same statement of “Abi Mas’ud al-Ansari”<ref name=rabmas/> has been narrated by Muhammad al-Tirmidhi, "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", and "Ibn Mardavieh". Again, in the same book, the same content is narrated, with slight differences, by "Malik ibn Anas", "Sahih al-Bukhari", "Abu Dawud al-Sijistani", "Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i", "Ibn Majah", "Ibn Mardavieh", and several others, on behalf of "Abu Ahmad Sa'idi".<ref> {{cite book |last = سیوطى |first = جلال الدین |author-link = |date = |title = الدر المنثور فى تفسیر المأثور |trans-title = The scattered pearl in the interpretation of the transmitted |url = |location = قم |publisher = کتابخانه آیه الله مرعشى نجفى |quote = ۱۴۰۴ ق، ج ۵، ص ۲۱۷، (قوله تعالى إن الله و ملائکته الآیه). |language = fa |volume = 5 |page = 217 |isbn = }} </ref>
"Ahmad ibn Husayn ibn Ali Bayhaqi Neishaburi" known as "al-Bayhaqi" also narrated numerous narrations in this regard in his famous book "Sunan al-Kubra", some of which clarify the duties of Muslims during prayer and during the Tashahhud (''one of the parts of prayer''). For example, in a hadith narrated by "Uqbah ibn Amr": A man came and sat in the presence of the Prophet, while we were also with the Prophet. He said: "O Messenger of God! We know the quality of greetings upon you, but how should we send blessings upon you when we pray?" The Prophet remained silent [for a while], until we thought, "I wish this man had not asked such a question." Then the Prophet said:<ref> {{cite web |url = https://hadana.ir/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF/ |title = صلوات بدون گفتن آل محمد |date = 13 May 2015 |trans-title = Salawat without saying Ale-Muhammad |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text={{lang|ar|«اِذا اَنْتُمْ صَلَّیْتُمْ عَلَىَّ فَقُولُوا الّلهُمَّ صَلَّ عَلى مُحَمَّد النَّبِىِّ الاٌمِىِّ وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد، کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ وَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ وَ بارِکْ عَلَى مُحَمَّد النَّبىِّ الاٌمِىِّ وَ عَلى آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما بارَکْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ وَ عَلى آلِ اِبْراهیمَ، اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»}} }} Meaning: {{Blockquote |text="If you pray for me, say: O Allah, send peace upon Muhammad, the illiterate prophet, and his family, as You sent peace upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, and bless Muhammad, the illiterate prophet, and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious. }}
Then the author "al-Bayhaqi" quotes Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i as saying:<ref> {{cite web |url = https://karevansadeghiye.ir/45356/%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85/ |title = صلوات رمز محبت و وفادارى به پیامبر اکرم و خاندانش |trans-title = Salawat is the secret of love and loyalty to the Prophet Muhammad and his family. |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text="This is an authentic Hadith that talks about reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon the Prophet of Islam during prayers." }}
"Al-Bayhaqi" has also cited numerous other hadiths regarding how to recite {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon Muhammad, both during the prayer and outside of the prayer; In particular, in a Hadith narrated by "Ka'b ibn Ujrah" on behalf of Muhammad, he states:<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.hadithlib.com/hadithtxts/view/23010949 |title = چگونگى درود فرستادن بر پيامبر |trans-title = How to send blessings upon the Prophet |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text={{lang|ar|اِنَّه کانَ یَقُولُ فى الصَّلوهِ: «الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّد وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما صَلَّیْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ و آلِ اِبْراهیمَ وَ بارِکْ عَلى مُحَّمَد وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد کَما بارَکْتَ عَلى اِبْراهیمَ اِنَّکَ حَمیدٌ مَجیدٌ»}} }} Meaning: {{Blockquote |text=The Prophet of Islam used to say in his prayer: "O Allah, send peace upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent peace upon Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, and send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious." }}
"Al-Bayhaqi" says in one of the narrations in which there is no mention of prayer:<ref> {{cite book |last = البیهقی |first = أبو بکر أحمد بن الحسین بن علی |author-link = |date = |title = السنن الکبرى و فی ذیله الجوهر النقی |trans-title = The Great Sunnahs and its appendix, The Pure Pearl |url = |location = حیدر آباد، هند |publisher = مجلس دائره المعارف النظامیه الکائنه |quote = ۱۳۴۴ ق، چاپ اول، ج ۲، ص ۱۴۶. |language = fa |volume = 2 |page = 146 |isbn = }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text="These narrations are also related to reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon the Prophet of Islam during Salah (''the prayer in Islam''); Because the sentence {{lang|ar|«قَدْ عَلِمْنا کَیْفَ نُسَلِّمُ»}}, meaning, “We know how to send peace upon you”, refers to the sending peace in the Tashahhud (''one of the parts of prayer'') and in the "Salaam" (''the last part of prayer''): {{lang|ar|«السَّلامُ عَلَیْکَ اَیُّهَا النَّبىُّ وَ رَحْمَهُ اللهِ وَ بَرَکاتُه»}}, meaning, “Peace be unto you O’ prophet and the mercy and all blessings of God”. Therefore, one of the meanings of the "sending blessings to the Prophet", refers to reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} during the Tashahhud (''one of the parts of prayer'')." }}
Therefore, all Muslims, regardless of their sects, are obligated to say the greetings of peace upon Muhammad in the form of {{lang|ar|«السَّلامَ عَلَیْکَ اَیُّهَا النَّبىُّ وَ رَحْمَهُ الله»}}, meaning, “Peace be unto you O’ prophet and the mercy of God” during the Tashahhud in the prayer, as Muhammad himself used to say.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.porseman.com/article/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1(%D8%B5)-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2--%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1(%D8%B5)--%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1(%D8%B5)/16574 |title = تشهد و سلام پیامبر (ص) در نماز |trans-title = The Tashahhud and the greeting of the Prophet (PBUH) in prayer |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref>
Although there is a slight difference of opinion among the four major Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam on this matter; In the Shafi'i school and in the Hanbali school, they said: It is obligatory to reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon the Prophet of Islam during the second Tashahhud in Salah, while in the Maliki school and in the Hanafi school, consider it as an arbitrary tradition or Sunnah.<ref> {{cite book |last1 = جزیرى |first1 = عبد الرحمن |last2 = غروى |first2 = سید محمد |last3 = مازح |first3 = یاسر |author-link = |date = |title = الفقه على المذاهب الأربعه و مذهب أهل البیت وفقاً لمذهب أهل البیت (علیهم السلام) |trans-title = Jurisprudence according to the four schools of thought and the school of thought of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) |url = |location = بیروت، لبنان |publisher = دار الثقلین |quote = ۱۴۱۹ق، چاپ اول، ج ۱، ص ۳۱۸، (نیه الإمام و نیه المأموم). |language = fa |volume = 1 |page = 318 |isbn = }} </ref>
This is despite the fact that according to most narrations, including the above narrations, the {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} in the prayer is obligatory upon all Muslims.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://imamhussain.org/Pakistan/12713 |title = اهمیت صلوات در نماز |trans-title = The importance of Salawat in prayer? |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref>
==Recommended {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}}== One {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} recommended by Muhammad is: {{blockquote|{{transliteration|ar|ʾAllāhumma ṣalli ʿalā Muḥammadin wa ʿalā ʾāli Muḥammadin kamā ṣallayta ʿalā ʾIbrāhīma wa ʿalā ʾāli ʾIbrāhīma ʾinnaka Ḥamīdun Majīdun ʾAllāhumma bārik ʿalā Muḥammadin wa ʿalā ʾāli Muḥammadin kamā bārakta ʿalā ʾIbrāhīma wa ʿalā ʾāli ʾIbrāhīma ʾinnaka Ḥamīdun Majīdun}}}}
{{verse translation |lang=ar |rtl1=yes |italicsoff=yes | ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ | O God, sanctify Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have sanctified Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O God, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious.<ref>"Abdul Razaq.O.Kilani" Minaret in the delta. J.J.I,2008</ref>}}
Muhammad was also reported to have said: "Do not invoke incomplete {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} upon me". His {{transliteration|ar|sahabah}} asked him: "What is incomplete {{transliteration|ar|salawat}}?" He replied them: "When you say: 'O God, send blessing to Muhammad' and then stop on that. Rather say: {{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ}} 'Allahumma! send Your blessing to Muhammad and the progeny of Muhammad."<ref>"Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din" The right path. The University of Michigan.</ref>
==Variants of {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}}== Several variant phrases of {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} may be used. The most common phrases are:
{| class="wikitable" |- ! style="width:33.3%;"| Arabic || style="width:33.3%;"| Transliteration{{hr}}IPA || style="width:33.3%;"| Phrase |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammad{{sup|in}}}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/}}||O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad. |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammad{{sup|in}}}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/}}||O God, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammad{{sup|in}}}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/}}||O God, send blessings and peace upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammad{{sup|in}}}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim wa.baː.rik ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din/}}||O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad. |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَجْمَعِينَ وَعَلىٰ جَمِيعِ ٱلْمَلَائِكَةِ وَجَمِيعِ ٱلْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ وَٱلشُّهَدَاءِ وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ وَجَمِيعِ عِبَادِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلصَّالِحِينَ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾalā ʾāli muḥammadin ʾajmaʿīna wa-ʿalā jamīʿi l-malāʾikati wa-jamīʿi l-ʾanbiyāʾi wa-l-mursalīna wa-š-šuhadāʾi wa-ṣ-ṣiddīqīna wa-jamīʿi ʿibādi -llāhi ṣ-ṣāliḥīn{{sup|a}}}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li wa.sal.lim wa.baː.rik ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕa.laː ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din ʔad͡ʒ.ma.ʕiː.na wa.ʕa.laː d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ma.laː.ʔi.ka.ti wa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi‿l.ʔan.bi.jaː.ʔi wal.mur.sa.liː.na waʃ.ʃu.ha.daː.ʔi wasˤ.sˤid.diː.qiː.na wa.d͡ʒa.miː.ʕi ʕi.baː.di‿l.laː.hi‿sˤ.sˤaː.li.ħiː.na/}}||O God, send blessings and peace and benediction upon Muhammad and upon the Progeny of Muhammad all together, and upon all of the Angels, and [upon] all of the Prophets, Messengers, martyrs and truthful ones, and [upon] all of the righteous servants of God. |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ لِوَلِيِّكَ ٱلْفَرَجَ وَٱلْعَافِيَةَ وَٱلنَّصْرَ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil li-walīyika l-faraja wa-l-ʿāfiyata wa-n-naṣr{{sup|a}}}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil li.wa.liː.ji.ka‿l.fa.ra.d͡ʒa wal.ʕaː.fi.ja.ta wan.nasˤ.ra/}}||O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten the alleviation of your vicegerent (i.e. Imam Mahdi), and grant him vitality and victory. {{small|(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)}} |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum/}}||O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation. {{small|(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)}} |- |{{lang|ar|ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَجِّلْ فَرَجَهُمْ وَٱلْعَنْ أَعْدَاءَهُمْ}}||{{transliteration|ar|ʾallāhumma ṣalli ʿalā muḥammadin wa-ʾāli muḥammadin wa-ʿajjil farajahum wa-lʿan ʾaʿdāʾahum}}{{hr}}{{IPA|/ʔaɫ.ɫaː.hum.ma sˤal.li ʕa.laː mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʔaː.li mu.ħam.ma.din wa.ʕad͡ʒ.d͡ʒil fa.ra.d͡ʒa.hum wal.ʕan ʔaʕ.daː.ʔa.hum/}}||O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies. {{small|(Usually recited by Shia Muslims)}} |}
According to some researchers, {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} is expressed in more than 210 different Arabic phrases in Islamic sources. The famous {{transliteration|ar|Salawats}} mentioned in narrations and Hadiths are listed below:<ref name="noormags.ir"/><ref> {{cite web |url = https://trip-land.ir/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B5/ |title = انواع صلوات بر پیامبر حضرت محمد (ص) |trans-title = Types of blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {| class="wikitable" |-style="text-align: center; font-size: thin; margin-center: inherit" bgcolor="#ebecf0" | '''Sources''' || '''Phrases''' |- style="vertical-align: top;" | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1292, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Abbas Qomi / 1344, Safinat al-Bihar] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>الّلهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ و عَجّل فَرَجَهم</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1289, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ </big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Muwatta / 459, Sahih], [Ibn Hibban / 1958, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1291, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 4519], [Ibn Majah / 904, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Muslim / 405], [Al-Muwatta / 459, Sahih], [Al-Nasa'i / 1285, Sahih], [Ibn Hibban / 1965, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Muslim / 406] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّك حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبِارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Ibn Hibban / 1964, Sahih], [Al-Bukhari / 5996], [Muslim / 406], [Al-Nasa'i / 1257, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّك حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بِارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1288, Sahih], [Al-Nasa'i / 1290, Sahih], [Ibn Hibban / 1957, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 3190] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Ibn Hibban / 1959, Isnadat Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلنَّبِيِّ ٱلأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Ibn Majah / 903, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 5997] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1293, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 4520] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 4520] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آل إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 4520] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آل إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Bukhari / 3189] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Ibn Majah / 905, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي ٱلْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1294, Sahih], [Al-Bukhari / 5999], [Al-Muwatta / 458, Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Muslim / 407] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَذُرِّيَّتِهِ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ</big>}} |- | align="left"| [Al-Nasa'i / 1286, Isnadat Sahih] || align="right"|{{lang|ar|<big>ٱللَّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ٱللَّٰهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَىٰ آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ</big>}} |- |}
== Benefits == It is said that whoever sends 10 {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} upon Muhammad and his household will be sent a thousand {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} by God and his angels, and whoever sends 1,000 {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} upon Muhammad and his household will not be affected by the fire of hell.<ref>{{cite book|author= Muhammad Rayshahri|title= Scale of wisdom|publisher= ICAS press}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2003" />
Sending {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} upon Muhammad and his progeny is said to pave the way for his intercession on the day of judgement,<ref>{{cite book|author= Prof Ramazan AYNALLI|title= My Beloved prophet|year= 2015}}</ref> serve as a compensation for sins,<ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite book|author= Muhammad Baqir Ibn Muhammad Taqqi Majilisi|title= Hayat Al-Qulub|year=2003|publisher= Ansariyan publication}}</ref> and to be the most weighty deed on the scale of deeds.<ref>{{cite book|author= Sayyid Hussein Alamdar|title=Self Building|year=2014|publisher= Amazon}}</ref> {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon Muhammad and his households is said to lead to the affection of God and his messenger,<ref>{{cite book|author= The University of Michigan|title= Mahjubah-vol.24|year=2009|publisher= Amazon}}</ref> to purify deeds,<ref name="autogenerated2008">{{cite book|author= Muhammad Ibn Abd al Rahman |title= Salat & Salam |year=2008|publisher= White Thread press}}</ref> and to serve as the light in the grave, As-Sirāt bridge and Paradise.<ref>{{cite book|author= Alamah Muhammad Baqir Al-Majilisi|title= Ain-Al-Hayat;The Essence of life|year=2014|publisher= Createspace Independence}}</ref>
{{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} is said to be one of the best deeds on Friday,<ref name="autogenerated2008" /> and is said to lighten and open the heart.<ref>{{cite book |author=Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani |title=Salawat of tremendous blessings |publisher=Islamic Supreme Council of America |year=2012}}</ref>
Reciting {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} aloud is said to vanish hypocrisy,<ref>{{cite book|author= Ahmad Muhani|title= Al-Sahifah Al-Sajjadiyyah|year=2010|publisher= Islamic propagation organization}}</ref> and continuous recitation of {{transliteration|ar|salawat}} is said to fulfil one's worldly and heavenly wants (supplication).<ref>{{cite book |author=Hamza Yusuf |title=Purification of heart |publisher=Amazon |year=2012}}</ref>
It is mentioned in verse 56 of Surah Al-Ahzab: {{lang|ar|«اِنَّ اللهَ وَ مَلائِکَتَهُ یُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ یا اَیُّهَا الَّذینَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَیْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلیما»}},<ref> {{cite web |url = http://www.parsquran.com/data/show.php?lang=far&sura=33&ayat=56&user=far&tran=10 |title = متن قرآن، سوره ۳۳ الأحزاب، آیه ۵۶ - آیه ۶۵ |trans-title = Text of the Quran, Surah 33 Al-Ahzab, Verse 56 - Verse 65 |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> meaning “Indeed, Allah confers blessing upon the Prophet, and His angels [ask Him to do so]. O you who have believed, ask [Allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [Allah to grant him] peace.”<ref> {{cite book |last = مکارم شیرازی |first = ناصر |author-link = |date = 4 April 2012 |title = پیامِ قرآن (تفسیر موضوعی جلد اول تا پنجم) |trans-title = The Message of the Quran (Thematic Commentary Volumes One to Five) |url = https://archive.org/details/tafseer-e-mozoei-payam-e-quran-jild-01-to-05-translated-by-syed-safdar-hussain-najafi |location = |publisher = دارالکتب الاسلامیه |quote = ۱۳۸۶ش. |language = fa |volume = |page = 18 |isbn = }} </ref> There are numerous narrations and discussions in the Islamic world about the reason of sending blessings (''Salawat'') upon Muhammad. The first reason of sending blessings upon Muhammad is so that he and his status among people should not be forgotten. In this way, sending blessings upon Muhammad helps in some way to preserve Islam and the name of Muhammad.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://fa.shafaqna.com/news/969127/ |title = چرا بر پیامبر اکرم صلوات می فرستیم؟ |date = 7 July 2020 |trans-title = Why do we send blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad? |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> In some books dedicated to Islamic worship instructions, it is mentioned that sending blessings upon Muhammad causes the person sending the blessings to become good-natured and well-minded, and the sins of the person sending the blessings to be forgiven.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://aghatehrani.ir/330/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A4%D8%A7/ |title = جامعیت صلوات |date = 11 May 2014 |trans-title = Comprehensiveness of Salawat |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> As it is mentioned in the pilgrimage of Jami'ah Kabirah:<ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.islamquest.net/fa/archive/fa4565 |title = آیا می توانید این فراز از زیارت جامعه: "جَعَلَ صَلواتَنَا عَلَیْکُمْ وَ مَا خَصَّنَا بِهِ مِنْ وِلایَتِکُمْ ..." را که در باره ولایت است، شرح دهید؟ |trans-title = Can you explain this passage from the Ziyarat al-Jami'ah: "May our prayers be upon you and what we have reserved for you from your guardianship..." which is about guardianship? |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> {{Blockquote |text={{lang|ar|«وَ جَعَلَ صَلاَتَنَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَ مَا خَصَّنَا بِهِ مِنْ وِلاَيَتِكُمْ طِيباً لِخُلْقِنَا وَ طَهَارَةً لاَِنْفُسِنَا وَ تَزْكِيَةً لَنَا وَ كَفَّارَةً لِذُنُوبِنَا»}} }} {{Blockquote |text="God has made our prayers upon you (the Prophet and his family) and your guardianship over us the cause of moral purity, purity of minds, spiritual growth and progress, and atonement for our sins."<ref> {{cite web |url = https://hawzah.net/fa/Article/View/99159/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA |title = متن کامل زیارت جامعه کبیره همراه با ترجمه فارسی و صوت |trans-title = The full text of the Great Pilgrimage with Pakistan translation and its audio |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> }}
In other narrations, reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} in the form of {{lang|ar|«اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّد»}}, meaning "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and his family" is mentioned as a factor in the forgiveness of sins.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://old.makarem.ir/main.aspx?lid=4&typeinfo=11&catid=56&pageindex=94&mid=26270 |title = إِنَّ اللّهَ وَ مَلائِکَتَهُ یُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِیِّ یا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَیْهِ وَ سَلِّمُوا تَسْلِیماً |trans-title = Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings on the Prophet. O you who have believed, send blessings on him and salute him with a worthy salutation. |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref> On the other hand, reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} and peace upon Muhammad and his family, or reciting {{transliteration|ar|Salawat}} upon other prophets and other great figures, is a form of gratitude and appreciation for the efforts that these individuals have made to guide people. Gratitude and appreciation for a useful thing is a kind and noble behavior.<ref> {{cite web |url = https://ala.ui.ac.ir/fa/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C/3510 |title = روشها و مدلهای احسان و نیکوکاری در قرآن و روایات |trans-title = Methods and models of kindness and charity in the Quran and hadiths |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref><ref> {{cite web |url = https://www.pasokhgoo.ir/node/17971 |title = فلسفه دعای صلوات چيست؟ و چرا ما از خداوند ميخواهيم تا بر پيامبر اعظم (ص) درود فرستند؟ |date = 30 August 2010 |trans-title = What is the philosophy of the prayer of Salawat? And why do we ask God to send blessings upon the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? |language = fa |access-date = 9 December 2024 }} </ref>
== Unicode == {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan="6"|Unicode |- !encoding utf-8 !sign !name unicode !transcription !Arabic !English |- |<code>&#65018;</code> |{{huge|ﷺ}} |Arabic sign SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM |{{transliteration|ar|SallAllahu alayhi was Sallam}} |{{lang|ar|صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ}} |Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him |}
==See also==
{{Commons category}}
{{columns-list|
* Salat al-Fatih * Ahl al-Bayt * Ahl al-Kisa * Twelve Imams * Fourteen Infallibles * Ya Muhammad * Dhikr * Peace be upon him * Madih nabawi * Nasheed * Dala'il al-Khayrat * Al-Majdi <!-- *Haqqani Darood Sharif of Haqqani Anjuman --> }}
==References== {{reflist}} {{Muhammad footer}} {{Shia Imams}}
{{Islam topics|state=collapsed}}
{{Sufism terminology}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Muhammad Category:Hadith Category:Islamic terminology Category:Sufism Category:Religious formulas Category:Salah terminology Category:Islamic culture Category:Arabic words and phrases Category:Islamic prayer Category:Islamic theology Category:Islamic honorifics Category:Sharia terminology Category:Arabic-language honorifics Category:Religious titles Category:Religious terminology Category:Honorifics Category:Quranic words and phrases