{{Short description|Traditional Saami handicraft}}'''Duodji''' is a traditional cultural Sami handicraft.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fallan |first1=Kjetil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuOCEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA94 |title=Nordic Design Cultures in Transformation, 1960–1980: Revolt and Resilience |last2=Zetterlund |first2=Christina |last3=Munch |first3=Anders V. |date=2022-08-30 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-73635-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Eriksen |first1=Thomas Hylland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6txDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT78 |title=Knowing from the Indigenous North: Sámi Approaches to History, Politics and Belonging |last2=Valkonen |first2=Sanna |last3=Valkonen |first3=Jarno |date=2018-10-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-71752-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Guttorm |first=G |title=Paradigm shift in the view of duodji in the 21st century: Higher education in duodji |url=https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/winhec/article/view/18599/7958 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=journals.uvic.ca}}</ref> Some examples include knives, cases, women's bags, wooden cups, and articles of clothing.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Finbog |first=Liisa-Rávná |date=2021-12-31 |title=It speaks to you - Making Kin of People, Duodji and Stories in Sami Museums |url=http://ojs.novus.no/index.php/TFK/article/view/2048 |journal=Tidsskrift for Kulturforskning |language=nb |issue=2 |issn=2387-6727}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Junka-Aikio |first1=Laura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJKEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22&pg=PT63 |title=Sámi Research in Transition: Knowledge, Politics and Social Change |last2=Nyyssönen |first2=Jukka |last3=Lehtola |first3=Veli-Pekka |date=2021-11-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-46655-3 |language=en}}</ref> Duodji items are intended to be primarily functional<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-28 |title=Duddjot: Functional Purpose |url=https://tlmagazine.com/djuddot-functional-purpose/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=TLmagazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mellegård |first1=Viveca |last2=Boonstra |first2=Wiebren J. |date=2020-10-02 |title=Craftsmanship as a Carrier of Indigenous and Local Ecological Knowledge: Photographic Insights from Sámi Duodji and Archipelago Fishing |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08941920.2020.1729911 |journal=Society & Natural Resources |language=en |volume=33 |issue=10 |pages=1252–1272 |doi=10.1080/08941920.2020.1729911 |issn=0894-1920 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and were made to be used in an everyday work environment,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Junka-Aikio |first1=Laura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJKEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT71 |title=Sámi Research in Transition: Knowledge, Politics and Social Change |last2=Nyyssönen |first2=Jukka |last3=Lehtola |first3=Veli-Pekka |date=2021-11-24 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-46655-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koslin |first=Desiree |date=2010-01-01 |title=The Way of Sami Duodji: From Nomadic Necessity to Trademarked Lifestyle |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/30 |journal=Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings}}</ref> but may also incorporate artistic elements.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=waCCEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA421 |title=A Cultural History of the Avant-Garde in the Nordic Countries Since 1975 |date=2022-08-15 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-51595-6 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Kuksa 2006 09 09.JPG|thumb|Drinking cup (guksi) also used for bushcraft ]] thumb|A small Sámi knife (decorative picture not traditional)
==Craft== Traditionally, Sami handicraft was divided into two sub-groups: men's and women's handicraft.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lima |first1=Ismar Borges de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWE1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT213 |title=Tourism and Ethnodevelopment: Inclusion, Empowerment and Self-determination |last2=King |first2=Victor T. |date=2017-09-13 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-84642-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Valkonen |first1=Sanna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SURpEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT82 |title=The Sámi World |last2=Aikio |first2=Áile |last3=Alakorva |first3=Saara |last4=Magga |first4=Sigga-Marja |date=2022-06-07 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-58423-3 |language=en}}</ref> Men used mostly wood and antlers as well as other bones from reindeer when crafting, while women used leather and roots.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_84Gg-o5BhYC&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA132 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |date=2000 |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=978-92-2-112258-6 |language=en}}</ref> The traditional Sami colors are red, green, blue, and yellow.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
Duodji artists are still active in Sápmi and still carry on the traditions of the duodji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Britta Marakatt-Labba: History in Stitches - Announcements - e-flux |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/226277/britta-marakatt-labbahistory-in-stitches/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=www.e-flux.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardiner |first=Karen |date=2018-05-24 |title=Unpacking the Legacy of an Indigenous Uprising in Norway |url=http://hyperallergic.com/444279/unpacking-the-legacy-of-an-indigenous-uprising-in-norway/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Hyperallergic |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mattila |first=Tuomas |date=2018-12-11 |title=Needs of the Sámi people for intellectual property protection from the viewpoint of copyright and trademarks – especially with regard to duodji-handicrafts and the Sámi dresses |url=https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/handle/10024/161206 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi |language=en}}</ref> Although there have been changes in the traditional duodji,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guttorm |first=G |title=Contemporary Duodji—A personal experience in understanding traditions |url=https://lauda.ulapland.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/62276/Relate_North_Art,_Heritage_Identity_pdfA.pdf?sequence=2#page=61 |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=lauda.ulapland.fi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guttorm |first=Gunvor |date=June 2012 |title=Duodji : A New Step for Art Education |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1476-8070.2012.01712.x |journal=International Journal of Art & Design Education |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=180–190 |doi=10.1111/j.1476-8070.2012.01712.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref> today they are considered valuable pieces of art by collectors from all over the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mononen |first=Sini |date=2021-09-01 |title=Helsinki Biennial |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/helsinki-biennial-248800/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=Artforum |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aamold |first1=Svein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdoKEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA164 |title=Sami Art and Aesthetics: Contemporary Perspectives |last2=Jorgensen |first2=Ulla AngkjAer |last3=Haugdal |first3=Elin |date=2017-12-31 |publisher=Aarhus Universitetsforlag |isbn=978-87-7184-505-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sjoholm |first=Barbara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzKYEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Duodji%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT266 |title=From Lapland to Sápmi: Collecting and Returning Sámi Craft and Culture |date=2023-03-21 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-4529-7010-3 |language=en}}</ref> Some modern duodji artists are Olov Svonni, Martin Kuorak, Anders Sunna, Lars Pirak, Per Isak Juuso, and Per Olof Utsi.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
==Gákti==
The traditional regalia, the gákti, is of special cultural importance<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Art, craft, and the Sámi reflections on Sámi Duodji in Kautokeino through an apprenticeship experience |url=https://abdn.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/delivery/44ABE_INST:44ABE_VU1/12152962890005941 |publisher=University of Aberdeen |date=2019 |degree=Ph.D. |first=Gyorgy |last=Henyei Neto}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Bydler |first=Charlotte |title=Decolonial or Creolized Commons? : Sámi duodji in the expanded field |date=2017 |url=https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31717 |pages=141–162 |access-date=2023-10-03 |publisher=Aarhus Universitetsforlag}}</ref> and is mainly used for weddings, funerals, confirmations, and other cultural events. The gákti's appearance differs from place to place, and it tends to be longer in southern Sápmi than in the north. Traditionally, leather, sinews, and wool were used to make the gákti. Today, however, both velvet and silk can be used.
==Gallery== <gallery> File:Duodji salt cellar saltkar.JPG|Two salt cellars File:Duodji guksi drinking cup kåsa niibi knife kniv.JPG|Drinking cup and knife File:Duodji handväska med tennbroderi.JPG|Sámi purse (handbag) File:Duodji dohkka doll docka.JPG|Doll in gákti File:Duodji gáffe seahka coffee bag kaffepåse.JPG|Coffee bag File:Duodji gisa chest kista.JPG|Chest File:Duodji giehkta infant bed vagga 2.JPG|Infant bed File:Duodji gáffe seahka coffee bag kaffepåse color.JPG|Coffee bag </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * Duodji at Design-Handverk [https://web.archive.org/web/20090206082110/http://www.design-handverk.no/Duodji.htm] * Doudji Institute: https://web.archive.org/web/20090819063819/http://www.duodji.info/english/index.php?sladja=46 Retrieved Jan/29/2008 * Sameslöjdstiftelsen (Sami Duodji Association): https://web.archive.org/web/20080116222630/http://www.sameslojdstiftelsen.com/?p=42 Retrieved Jan/29/2008
Category:Sámi culture Category:Sámi art Category:Handicrafts Category:Sámi-language terms