Dryosauridae

{{Short description|Extinct family of dinosaurs}} {{Distinguish|text=Dyrosauridae, a family of crocodyliforms}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Dryosauridae | fossil_range = Middle Jurassic – Early Cretaceous, {{fossilrange|164|115}} | image = D. lettowvorbecki.jpg | image_caption = ''Dysalotosaurus'' skeletal mount in Berlin | display_parents = 3 | authority = Milner & Norman, 1984<ref name="milner1984"/> | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = * †''Callovosaurus''? * {{extinct}}''Dryosaurus'' * {{extinct}}''Dysalotosaurus'' * {{extinct}}''Elrhazosaurus'' * {{extinct}}''Eousdryosaurus'' * {{extinct}}''Iyuku''? * {{extinct}}''Valdosaurus'' * {{extinct}}''Vectidromeus''? }}

'''Dryosauridae''' is an extinct family of herbivorous bipedal ornithopod dinosaurs, first proposed by Milner & Norman in 1984. They are known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rocks of Africa, Europe, and North America.<ref name=NW90>{{cite book |last=Norman |first= David B. |author2=Weishampel, David B. |editor1=Weishampel, David B. |editor2=Dodson, Peter |editor3=Osmólska Halszka|title=The Dinosauria |year=1990 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-06727-4 |pages=510–533 |chapter=Iguanodontidae and related ornithopods}}</ref><ref name=DBN04>{{cite book |last= Norman|first=David B. |editor= Weishampel, D.B. |editor2=Dodson, P. |editor3=Osmólska H.|title=The Dinosauria |edition=2nd |year= 2004|publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=0-520-24209-2 |pages=413–437 |chapter=Basal Iguanodontia}}</ref><ref name=JROetal07>{{cite book |last=Ruiz-Omeñaca |first=José Ignacio |author2=Pereda Suberbiola Xabier |author3=Galton, Peter M. |year=2007 |chapter=''Callovosaurus leedsi'', the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England |editor=Carpenter Kenneth|title=Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington and Indianapolis |pages=3–16 |isbn=978-0-253-34817-3}}</ref><ref name=PMG09>{{cite journal |last=Galton |first=Peter M. |author-link=Peter Galton |year=2009 |title=Notes on Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England – ''Hypsilophodon'', ''Valdosaurus'', "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" – and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere |journal=Revue de Paléobiologie |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=211–273 |url=http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/paleo/paleo-pdf/28-1/pal-28-1-11.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-08 |access-date=2010-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708202146/http://www.ville-ge.ch/mhng/paleo/paleo-pdf/28-1/pal-28-1-11.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dryosauridae was first proposed in 1984 by British paleontologists Andrew R. Milner and David B. Norman, as a family to unite the early ornithopods ''Dryosaurus'', ''Valdosaurus'', and possibly ''Parksosaurus'' and ''Mochlodon''. Milner and Norman separated these taxa from the family Hypsilophodontidae as they showed greater similarity with hadrosaurids and iguanodontids.<ref name="milner1984"/> The spelling had previously been used as a typographical error by Deraniyagala in 1939 for Dyrosauridae.<ref name="kuhn1967"/> Dryosaurids were cursorial animals adapted for running.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Escaso |first=Fernando |last2=Ortega |first2=Francisco |last3=Dantas |first3=Pedro |last4=Malafaia |first4=Elisabete |last5=Silva |first5=Bruno |last6=Gasulla |first6=José M. |last7=Mocho |first7=Pedro |last8=Narváez |first8=Iván |last9=Sanz |first9=JosÉ L. |date=2014-07-29 |title=A new dryosaurid ornithopod (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2014.849715 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=1102–1112 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.849715 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription |hdl=20.500.14468/31946 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

==Classification== Until recently, many dryosaurids have been regarded as dubious (''Callovosaurus'') or as species of the type member, ''Dryosaurus'' (''Dysalotosaurus'', ''Elrhazosaurus'' and ''Valdosaurus''). However, more recent studies redescribe these genera as valid.<ref name=JROetal07/><ref name=PMG09/><ref name=iguanacolossus>{{cite journal | last1 = McDonald | first1 = A.T. | last2 = Kirkland | first2 = J.I. | last3 = DeBlieux | first3 = D.D. | last4 = Madsen | first4 = S.K. | last5 = Cavin | first5 = J. | last6 = Milner | first6 = A.R.C. | last7 = Panzarin | first7 = L. | year = 2010 | title = New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 5| issue = 11| article-number = e14075 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0014075 | pmid = 21124919 | pmc=2989904| doi-access = free | bibcode = 2010PLoSO...514075M }}</ref><ref name="McDonald">{{Cite journal |author=Andrew T. McDonald |year=2011 |title=The taxonomy of species assigned to ''Camptosaurus'' (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) |url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02783p068f.pdf |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2783 |pages=52–68 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2783.1.4 |archive-date=2012-04-12 |access-date=2011-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412201929/http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02783p068f.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Phylogeny">{{cite journal |author1=Paul M. Barrett |author2=Richard J. Butler |author-link2=Richard J. Butler |author3=Richard J. Twitchett |author4=Stephen Hutt |year=2011 |title=New material of ''Valdosaurus canaliculatus'' (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0Bzmka2bXQZd_NzA0YzEwN2YtYjA5ZS00MjMwLTkwNGItZDMzNWVjZDIxY2Rl&hl=en_US |journal=Special Papers in Palaeontology |volume=86 |pages=131–163}}</ref> Under the Phylocode, Madzia ''et al.'' (2021) formally defined Dryosauridae as "the largest clade containing ''Dryosaurus altus'' but not ''Iguanodon bernissartensis''."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Madzia |first1=Daniel |last2=Arbour |first2=Victoria M. |last3=Boyd |first3=Clint A. |last4=Farke |first4=Andrew A. |last5=Cruzado-Caballero |first5=Penélope |last6=Evans |first6=David C. |date=2021-12-09 |title=The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs |journal=PeerJ |volume=9 |article-number=e12362 |doi=10.7717/peerj.12362 |doi-access=free |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=8667728 |pmid=34966571}}</ref> The cladogram below follows their chosen reference phylogeny, taken from the description of ''Orthomerus dolloi''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Madzia |first1=Daniel |last2=Jagt |first2=John W. M. |last3=Mulder |first3=Eric W. A. |date=2020-04-01 |title=Osteology, phylogenetic affinities and taxonomic status of the enigmatic late Maastrichtian ornithopod taxon ''Orthomerus dolloi'' (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=108 |article-number=104334 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104334 |bibcode=2020CrRes.10804334M |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |1={{clade |label1=Rhabdodontidae |1={{clade |1=''Rhabdodon'' spp. |2={{clade |1=''Zalmoxes robustus'' |2={{clade |1=''Mochlodon vorosi'' |2=''Zalmoxes shqiperorum'' }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Tenontosaurus tilletti'' |2=''Tenontosaurus dossi'' }} |label2=Dryomorpha |2={{clade |1=Ankylopollexia |label2='''Dryosauridae''' |2={{clade |1=''Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis'' |2=''"Camptosaurus" valdensis'' |3=''Callovosaurus leedsi'' |4=''Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki'' |5=''Dryosaurus altus'' |6={{clade |1=''Valdosaurus canaliculatus'' |2=''Elrhazosaurus nigeriensis'' }} }} }} }} }} |label1=Iguanodontia}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="kuhn1967">{{cite book|last=Kuhn|first=O.|author-link=Oskar Kuhn|year=1967|title=Amphibien und Reptilien|publisher=Gustav Fischer Verlag|page=67}}</ref> <ref name="milner1984">{{cite book|last1=Milner|first1=A.R.|last2=Norman|first2=D.B.|author-link2=David B. Norman|year=1984|chapter=The biogeography of advanced ornithopod dinosaurs (Archosauria: Ornithischia) - a cladistic-vicariance model|editor-last=Reif|editor-first=W.-E.|editor2-last=Westphal|editor2-first=F.|title=Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers|publisher=Attempto Verlag|pages=145-150}}</ref>     }} {{Portal|Dinosaurs}} {{Ornithopoda|O.}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2505300}}

Category:Dryosauridae Category:Dinosaur families