Drilosphere

{{Short description|Layer of the soil influenced by earthworms}} The '''drilosphere''' is the part of the soil influenced by earthworm secretions, burrowing and castings.<ref>Biodiversity in Agroecosystems, Wanda Williams Collins, ''et al.'' Page 20. 1999.</ref> Therefore, it is the fraction of soil which has gone through the digestive tract of earthworms,<ref>Organic Phosphorus in the Environment, Turner, ''et al.'', Page 91. 2005</ref> or the lining of an earthworm burrow.<ref>Earthworms in Australia, David Murphy, 1993</ref> The average thickness of the drilosphere (lining of an earthworm burrow) is 2{{Spaces}}mm,<ref>M. B. Bouché, Action de la faune sur les états de la matière organique dans les écosystèmes. 1975.</ref> but it can be much wider (about 8{{Spaces}}mm) around the burrows of litter-feeding earthworms.<ref>Andriuzzi et al. (2013) ''Soil Biology and Biochemistry'' '''64''', 136-138, doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.04.016</ref>

Through the drilosphere, earthworms influence soil microbial communities, with effects on microbial processes related to soil organic matter and nutrient dynamics.<ref name="edwards">Earthworm Ecology By Clive Arthur Edwards. 2nd Ed. 2004. CRC Press. {{ISBN|0-8493-1819-X}}</ref> A study of one soil type found that contained within the drilosphere was 40 per cent of the aerobic (and 13 per cent of anaerobic) nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 16 per cent of the denitrifiers.<ref>T. Bhatnagar, Lombriciens et humification: Un aspect nouveau de l'incorporation microbienne d'azote induite par les vers de terre.</ref> The drilosphere is generally richer in nitrogen, phosphorus, and humified organic material than the surrounding soil. This is probably because earthworms preferentially ingest plant residue such as leaf and root litter, or occasionally fungi.<ref name="edwards"/>

The term was coined by M. B. Bouché.

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Soil