{{Short description|Process to create preliminary versions of a written work}} {{For|Drafting on Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Drafts}} {{Redirect|First draft|von Neumann's 1945 report|First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC}} <!-- The following sources may be useful: https://writingprocess.mit.edu/instructions-drafting/ https://coursehorse.com/blog/learn/business-writing/from-draft-to-final-document-the-complete-writing-process https://writingcommons.org/section/writing-process/writing-process-steps/ https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/writingsuccess/chapter/8-3-drafting/ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/drafting http://colelearning.net/who/module3/page31.html https://www.clemson.edu/centers-institutes/writing/writing-resources/writing-resources/drafting.html https://writingxhumanities.berkeley.edu/drafting-revising-editing/
For finding new sources: https://www.bing.com/search?q=drafting%20a%20written%20work -->
{{Tone|date=January 2026}}
[[File:Infamy-address-1.gif|thumb|right|A draft of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Infamy Speech, including the President's handwritten annotations.]]
'''Drafting''' is the process by which preliminary forms of a written work are composed.<ref name="UoM">{{Cite book |url=https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/writingsuccess/chapter/8-3-drafting/ |title=Writing for Success |collaboration=University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing |date=2010 |publisher=University of Minnesota Libraries |isbn=978-1-946135-28-5 |edition=Publishing |location=Minneapolis, MN |publication-date=October 27, 2015 |language=en |chapter=8.3 Drafting |access-date=February 12, 2025}}</ref><ref name="WaldenU">{{Cite web |last=Raymond |first=Lisa |title=Academic Guides: Writing a Paper: Drafting |url=https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/drafting |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=academicguides.waldenu.edu |language=en}}</ref> Separate from other steps of the writing process, such as revision and editing, drafting involves the initial creation of the main content, structure, and style of a work.<ref name=Clemson>{{Cite web |title=Drafting |url=https://www.clemson.edu/centers-institutes/writing/writing-resources/writing-resources/drafting.html |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=Clemson University}}</ref> The preliminary forms of a written work are referred to as '''draft documents'''<ref name="MIT">{{Cite web |title=The Writing Process |url=https://writingprocess.mit.edu/instructions-drafting/ |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}</ref> or simply '''drafts'''. Drafting is the very first step of the writing process; it gives the writer a base to expand and improve upon their work via later steps.
Drafting almost always involves rounds of cumulatively adding onto and expanding a work. The initial complete draft is known as the '''first draft'''<ref name="UCBerkeley">{{Cite web |title=Drafting {{!}} Revising {{!}} Editing |url=https://writingxhumanities.berkeley.edu/drafting-revising-editing/ |access-date=February 12, 2025 |website=University of California Berkeley}}</ref> or '''rough draft'''. Typically, 'snapshots' of the draft at certain points are taken, these snapshots often being called the drafts; alternatively, the work as it currently is can be referred to as the draft. This distinction is unclear. In an essay writing environment, such as school, drafting often involves rounds of individual brainstorming, collecting evidence, and writing individual paragraphs, along with deciding on the approach to which the essay is written.<ref name="Clemson" />
== Method == Drafting relies primarily on free writing to operate. While drafting, a writer is generally not immediately concerned with grammar or spelling but rather getting their ideas into the page in a physical form.<ref name="WritingCommons">{{Cite web |last=Moxley |first=Joseph |date=2023 |title=The Ultimate Blueprint: A Research-Driven Deep Dive into The 13 Steps of the Writing Process |url=https://writingcommons.org/section/writing-process/writing-process-steps/ |access-date=February 13, 2025 |website=Writing Commons}}</ref> As such, a writer's first draft may not even be prose; it could potentially be a list of disconnected ideas or phrases. Writer's block is commonly considered to be a major roadblock in the drafting process.<ref name="WHO">{{Cite web |title=Module 3: Reports and Proposals |url=http://colelearning.net/who/module3/page31.html |access-date=February 13, 2025 |website=Writing Effectively for WHO}}</ref><ref name="MIT" />
== The impact of drafting on the writing process == Drafting isn't just the first step in writing. It's a major part in how writing gets better. It helps writer's play around with ideas, moving things around, and make their message known. Doing more than one draft helps improve the way something is written, making it easier to understand and more organized.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Freestone |first=Nicholas |date=June 2009 |title=Drafting and acting on feedback supports student learning when writing essay assignments |url=https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.90127.2008 |journal=Advances in Physiology Education |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=98–102 |doi=10.1152/advan.90127.2008 |pmid=19509394 |issn=1043-4046|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It also takes away the pressure to do everything right and perfect the first time, letting writers feel ok about making changes and learning as they go<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Keen |first=John |date=2017-10-02 |title=Teaching the Writing Process |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/1358684X.2017.1359493 |journal=Changing English |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=372–385 |doi=10.1080/1358684X.2017.1359493 |issn=1358-684X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
== Writing by hand vs computer drafting ==
People can draft by hand or computer, and each way feels different. Writing by hand takes more time, which is a way to think things through or remember an idea better. Using a computer can make it easy to fix any errors and move things around. Both methods shape the way writers connect with their work.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khadilkar |first=Suvarna Satish |date=June 2018 |title=The Art and Craft of Making a Draft: Writing a Good-Quality Scientific Paper! |journal=Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=151–154 |doi=10.1007/s13224-018-1133-5 |issn=0971-9202 |pmc=5972098 |pmid=29895992}}</ref>
== Mindset and metacognition in drafting ==
Writing researchers highlight the importance of metacognition, thinking about one's own thinking during the drafting process. Writer's who know who their writing is directed to are more likely to create affective drafts. Metacognitive strategies, such as reflecting on progress, asking guiding questions, and evaluating ones own's work have been found to enhance both the writing process, and the quality of the final product.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cer |first=Erkan |date=2019-04-01 |title=The Instruction of Writing Strategies: The Effect of the Metacognitive Strategy on the Writing Skills of Pupils in Secondary Education |journal=SAGE Open |language=EN |volume=9 |issue=2 |article-number=2158244019842681 |doi=10.1177/2158244019842681 |issn=2158-2440|doi-access=free }}</ref>
== Drafting and youth development == The drafting process plays a key role in the development of young writers. It helps students organize their ideas, gain confidence, and improve writing fluency. Studies indicate that creating and initial or zero draft can reduce writing related anxiety and support the generation of ideas, even in early stages of composition.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naqvi |first1=Waqar |last2=Gulrandhe |first2=Purva |date=2023-11-06 |title=Zero Draft: A First Step in Research Writing |url=https://eurjther.com/index.php/home/article/view/1815 |journal=European Journal of Therapeutics |language=en |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=e30–e31 |doi=10.58600/eurjther1815 |issn=2564-7040|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
Category:Editing Category:Composition (language)