{{Short description|Species of legume}} {{Redirect|Divi-divi|the Netherlands Antilles-based airline|Divi Divi Air}} {{Speciesbox |name = Divi-divi |image = Dividivi_on_aruba.jpg |image_caption = Divi-divi on Aruba |status = LC |status_system = IUCN3.1 |status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |year=2019 |title=''Libidibia coriaria'' |article-number=e.T144303930A149041080 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T144303930A149041080.en |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref> |taxon = Libidibia coriaria |authority = (Jacq.) Schltdl.<ref name=POWO_1010207-2/> |synonyms = {{Species list |Caesalpinia coriacea|Poit. |Caesalpinia coriaria|(Jacq.) Willd. |Caesalpinia thomaea|Spreng. |Poinciana coriaria|Jacq. }} |synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO_1010207-2>{{cite web |title=((''Libidibia coriaria'' (Jacq.) Schltdl.)) |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1010207-2 |access-date=2021-06-28 }}</ref> }}

'''''Libidibia coriaria''''', synonym '''''Caesalpinia coriaria''''', is a leguminous tree or large shrub native to the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, and northern and western South America.<ref name=POWO_1010207-2/> Common names include '''divi-divi''', '''cascalote''', '''guaracabuya''', '''guatapana''', '''nacascol''',<ref name="GRIN"/> '''tan yong''',{{r|ecocrop}} and '''''watapana''''' (Aruba).

== Description == thumb|With developed canopy thumb|Leaves and pod thumb|Plants ''L. coriaria'' rarely reaches its maximum height of {{Convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} because its growth is contorted by the trade winds that batter the exposed coastal sites where it often grows. In other environments it grows into a low dome shape with a clear sub canopy space. Leaves are bipinnate, with 5–10 pairs of pinnae, each pinna with 15–25 pairs of leaflets; the individual leaflets are 7&nbsp;mm long and 2&nbsp;mm broad. The fruit is a twisted pod {{Convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.

==Taxonomy== The species was first described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1763, as ''Poinciana coriaria''. In 1799, Carl Ludwig Willdenow transferred it to the genus ''Caesalpinia'', and in 1830, Diederich von Schlechtendal transferred it to his newly created genus ''Libidibia''.<ref name="IPNI_1010207-2">{{cite web |title=((''Poinciana coriaria'' Jacq.)) |work=The International Plant Names Index |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/1010207-2 |access-date=2021-06-28 }}</ref> The genus ''Libidibia'' was not always accepted and the species was usually placed in ''Caesalpinia'', until molecular phylogenetic studies led to the reinstatement of ''Libidibia''.<ref name=POWO_22792-1>{{cite web |title=((''Libidibia'' Schltdl.)) |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:22792-1 |access-date=2021-06-28 }}</ref>

== Chemistry == Tannins are extracted from divi-divi pods for use in leather production.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cool.conservation-us.org/don/dt/dt3686.html |title=Vegetable tannins |work=Bookbinding and the Conservation of Books |publisher=Conservation OnLine |date=2011-03-10 |access-date=2011-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Recovery of Vegetable Tannins from Divi-divi Pods |first=Carlos |last=Perez-Tello |journal=Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology |year=1995 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=101–104 |doi=10.1002/jctb.280640116|bibcode=1995JCTB...64..101P }}</ref>

Among the molecules isolated is corilagin, whose name comes from the specific epithet of the plant.

==In culture== Divi-divi is the national tree of Curaçao.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8SyFOyvjkQC |title=Adventure Guide to Aruba, Bonaire & Curaçao |first=Lynne M. |last=Sullivan |publisher=Hunter Publishing Inc |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-58843-572-9 |page=10}}</ref> It is also very common and popular on Aruba.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

==Uses== According to the FAO's Ecocrop database, the pods provide tannin and a black dye used in the tanning industry and for ink. The pods also have medicinal properties. The hard, dark colored wood is used for carpentry. The tree can be planted for shade. Yields of pods may be 45–135&nbsp;kg per tree per year.{{r|ecocrop}}

==See also== * ''Krummholz'' * Reaction wood * National Festival of the Dividivi

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN | (('' Libidibia coriaria'' (Jacq.) Schltdl.)) | 465145 | accessdate = 2021-06-28}}</ref>

<ref name=ecocrop> {{cite web|title=Caesalpinia coriaria|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517112048/http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=4004|url=http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=4004|website=Ecocrop|archive-date=2012-05-17}} </ref> }}

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|Libidibia coriaria}} * {{Wikispecies-inline|Caesalpinia coriaria|''Libidibia coriaria''}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q22108836|from2=Q1230627|from3=Q39124495}} {{Tannin source}}

Category:Caesalpinieae Category:Plants described in 1799 Category:Symbols of La Guajira Department Category:National symbols of Curaçao Category:Trees of the Caribbean Category:Trees of Central America Category:Trees of Northern America Category:Trees of Venezuela Category:Trees of Colombia Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status