{{Short description|Family of amphibians}} {{automatic taxobox | image = AlytesObstet.jpg | image_caption = ''Alytes obstetricans'' | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|155|0|Late Jurassic to Recent<ref name="foster-enneabatrachus">Foster, J. (2007). "''Enneabatrachus hechti''" ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World''. Indiana University Press. p. 137.</ref>}} | taxon = Alytidae | synonyms = Discoglossidae <small>Günther, 1859</small> | authority = Fitzinger, 1843 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = Genus ''Alytes''<br> Genus ''Discoglossus''<br> Genus ''Latonia''<br> | range_map = Discoglossidae distrib.PNG | range_map_caption = Distribution of Discoglossidae (in black) }}
The '''Alytidae''' are a family of primitive frogs.<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Alytidae |title=Alytidae Fitzinger, 1843 |author =Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=12 April 2014}}</ref><ref name=ITIS>{{ITIS|id=773175 |taxon=Alytidae Fitzinger, 1843}}</ref><ref name=AmphibiaWeb>{{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Alytidae.shtml |title=Alytidae |year=2014 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |access-date=12 April 2014}}</ref><ref name=Blackburn2011>{{cite journal|author1=Blackburn, D.C. |author2=Wake, D.B. | title=Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness | journal=Zootaxa| volume=3148| year=2011| pages=39–55|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8 | url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf}}</ref> Their common name is '''painted frogs'''<ref name=frost/> or '''midwife toads'''.<ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> Most are endemic to Europe, but three species occur in northwest Africa, and a species formerly thought to be extinct is found in Israel.
This family is also known as '''Discoglossidae''', but the older name Alytidae has priority and is now recognized by major reference works.<ref name=frost/><ref name=ITIS/><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/><ref name=Blackburn2011/> Some researchers, though, suggest that ''Alytes'' and ''Discoglossus'' are different enough to be treated as belonging to separate families, implying resurrection of the Discoglossidae.<ref name=frost/> The term "discoglossid" has also been used to refer to many primitive fossil frogs that share plesiomorphic (ancestral) similities to alytids, but that are probably not closely related.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gao |first1=Ke-Qin |last2=Chen |first2=Jianye |date=2017-03-14 |title=A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3876.1 |journal=American Museum Novitates |language=en |issue=3876 |pages=1–39 |doi=10.1206/3876.1 |issn=0003-0082}}</ref>
==Genera and species== The family contains three extant genera, ''Alytes'', ''Discoglossus'', and ''Latonia''. The first is somewhat toad-like and can often be found on land. The second is smoother and more frog-like, preferring the water.<ref name=EoR>{{cite book |editor1=Cogger, H.G. |editor2=Zweifel, R.G. |author = Zweifel, Richard G.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 85–86|isbn= 0-12-178560-2}}</ref> The third genus was until recently considered extinct, and is represented by the recently rediscovered Hula painted frog. All of the species have pond-dwelling tadpoles.
The genera ''Bombina'' and ''Barbourula'' also used to be under this family, but have now been moved to the Bombinatoridae.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bombinatoridae |title=Bombinatoridae Gray, 1825 |author =Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=12 April 2014}}</ref>
===Extant genera=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Image !! Genus!! Species |- | 175px |''Alytes'' {{small|Wagler, 1830}} | * ''Alytes cisternasii'' - Iberian midwife toad * ''Alytes dickhilleni'' - southern midwife toad * ''Alytes maurus'' - Moroccan midwife toad * ''Alytes muletensis'' - Majorcan midwife toad * ''Alytes obstetricans'' - common midwife toad |- | 175px |''Discoglossus'' {{small|Otth, 1837}} | * ''Discoglossus galganoi'' - West Iberian painted frog * ''Discoglossus jeanneae'' - Spanish painted frog * ''Discoglossus montalentii'' - Corsican painted frog * ''Discoglossus pictus'' - common painted frog * ''Discoglossus sardus'' - Tyrrhenian painted frog * ''Discoglossus scovazzi'' - Moroccan painted frog |- | 175px |''Latonia'' {{small|Meyer, 1843}} | * ''Latonia nigriventer'' - Hula painted frog * {{extinct}}''Latonia seyfriedi'' * {{extinct}}''Latonia gigantea'' * {{extinct}}''Latonia vertaizoni'' * {{extinct}}''Latonia ragei'' |- |}
===Extinct genera=== Family '''Alytidae''' * Genus †''Enneabatrachus'' (prehistoric)<ref name="foster-enneabatrachus" /> ** †''Enneabatrachus hechti''<ref name="foster-enneabatrachus" /> * Genus †''Aralobatrachus'' (prehistoric) ** †''Aralobatrachus robustus'' * Genus †''Callobatrachus'' (prehistoric) ** †''Callobatrachus sanyanensis'' * Genus †''Bakonybatrachus'' (prehistoric) ** †''Bakonybatrachus fedori'' * Genus †''Eodiscoglossus'' (prehistoric) ** †''Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis'' ** †''Eodiscoglossus santonjae'' <gallery> File:Benny Trapp Alytes cisternasii.jpg|Iberian midwife toad (''Alytes cisternasii'') File:Discoglossus galganoi rechts.jpg|Iberian or Portuguese painted frog (''Discoglossus galganoi'') File:Latonia seyfriedi 001.jpg|Fossil discoglossid from Miocene (†''Latonia seyfriedi'') </gallery>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
*{{cite journal | last1 = San Mauro | first1 = Diego | title = Phylogenetic relationships of discoglossid frogs (Amphibia:Anura:Discoglossidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.001 | journal = Gene | volume = 343 | pages = 357–366 |date=December 2004 | first2 = Mario |last2=Garcia-Paris |first3=Rafael |last3=Zardoya | pmid = 15588590 | issue = 2 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = San Mauro | first1 = Diego | title = Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea | jstor = 10.1086/429523 | journal = American Naturalist | volume = 165 | pages = 590–599 |date=May 2005 | first2 = Miguel |last2=Vences |first3=Marina |last3=Alcobendas |first4=Rafael |last4=Zardoya |first5=Axel |last5=Meyer | doi = 10.1086/429523 | pmid = 15795855 | issue = 5 |url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/3880726/39160_170248y.pdf}} ==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|italic=1}} *{{Wikispecies-inline|Alytidae|''Alytidae''}} {{Anura}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4747664}}
Category:Archaeobatrachia Category:Alytidae Category:Extant Late Jurassic first appearances Category:Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger Category:Amphibian families Category:Fauna of the Palearctic realm