{{Short description|Monetary currency unit of some countries}} {{other uses}} [[File:Dinar.svg|thumb|300px|right|Nations in dark green currently use a currency known as the dinar. Nations in light green previously used a dinar. States of former Yugoslavia appear in the inset to the lower left.]]
The '''dinar''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|ˈ|n|ɑː|r}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|iː|n|ɑː|(|ɹ|)}}) is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic {{lang|ar|دينار}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|dīnār}}), which was possibly borrowed via the Syriac {{lang|syc-Latn|dīnarā}} from the Latin {{lang|la|dēnārius}}<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', Second edition, 1989, ''s.v.'' "dinar"; online version November 2010</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Versteegh |first1=C. H. M. |title=The Arabic Language |last2=Versteegh |first2=Kees |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7486-1436-3 |page=60}}</ref> or from the Arabic root däyn meaning debt.
The modern gold dinar is a projected bullion gold coin, and {{as of|2019|lc=on}} is not issued as an official currency by any state.
== History == [[File:Coin of Stefan Uroš I.jpg|thumb|150px|right| Silver dinar from the reign of Serbian king Stefan Uroš I (1243–1255).]]
The modern dinar's historical antecedents are the Eastern Roman silver denarius (greek δηνάριο - "dinario"), and gold dinar and the silver dirham, the main coin of the medieval Islamic empires, first issued in AH 77 (696–697 AD) (Late Antiquity) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The word "dinar" derives from the Latin word "''dēnārius''," a silver coin of ancient Rome, which was first minted about c. 211 BC.
The Kushan Empire introduced a gold coin known as the ''dīnāra'' in India in the 1st century AD; the Gupta Empire and its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedberg |first1=Arthur L. |url={{Google books|TlnoMdZu40UC |Gold Coins of the World|page= 457|plainurl= yes}} |title=Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present |last2=Friedberg |first2=Ira S. |publisher=Coin & Currency Institute |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-87184-308-1 |page=457}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mookerji |first=Radhakumud |title=The Gupta Empire |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-208-0440-1 |pages=30–31}}</ref>
The 8th-century English king Offa of Mercia minted imitations of Abbasid dinars struck in 774 by Caliph al-Mansur with "Offa Rex" centred on the reverse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coin | British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?assetId=31108001&objectId=1093298&partId=1}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TGkz9NGFXIMC&pg=PA327&dq=manqush+coin#PPA330,M1 ''Medieval European Coinage''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812144733/https://books.google.com/books?id=TGkz9NGFXIMC&pg=PA327&dq=manqush+coin#PPA330,M1 |date=2023-08-12 }} by Philip Grierson, p. 330.</ref> The moneyer likely had no understanding of Arabic as the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade with Islamic Spain. These coins are called a Mancus, which is also derived from the Arabic language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE GOLD "MANCUS" - jstor |jstor=42680243 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42680243}}</ref>
== Legal tender ==
=== Countries with current usage === Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar:[[File:Dinar of Abd al-Malik, AH 75.jpg|thumb|240px|Umayyad Caliphate golden dinar.]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Countries ! Currency ! ISO 4217 code |- | {{flag|Algeria}} | Algerian dinar | DZD |- | {{flag|Bahrain}} | Bahraini dinar | BHD |- | {{flag|Iraq}} | Iraqi dinar | IQD |- | {{flag|Jordan}} | Jordanian dinar | JOD |- | {{flag|Kuwait}} | Kuwaiti dinar | KWD |- | {{flag|Libya}} | Libyan dinar | LYD |- | {{flag|North Macedonia}} | Macedonian denar | MKD<br>MKN (1992−1993) |- | {{flag|Serbia}} | Serbian dinar | RSD<br>CSD (2003–2006) |- | {{Flag|Tunisia}} | Tunisian dinar | TND |}
====As a subunit==== *{{frac|100}} of the Iranian rial
=== Countries with former usage === Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Countries ! Currency ! ISO 4217 code ! Used ! Replaced by |- |{{flag|Abu Dhabi}}|| Bahraini dinar||BHD||1966–1973||United Arab Emirates Dirham |- |{{flag|Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|| Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar||BAD||1992–1998||Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark |- |{{flag| Cornwall}}|| Cornish Dynar || ||900 – 960||GBP |- |{{flag|Croatia}}|| Croatian dinar||HRD||1991–1994||Croatian kuna |- |{{flag|Iran}}||colspan=4|Iranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars |- |{{flag|South Yemen}}|| rowspan="2" |Yemeni dinar|| rowspan="2" |YDD||1965–1990 || rowspan="2" | Yemeni rial |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |1990–1996 |- |{{flag|Sudan}}||Sudanese dinar||SDD||1992–2007 || Sudanese pound |- |{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}<hr />{{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}}<hr />{{flag|FR Yugoslavia}} |Yugoslav dinar||YUF (1945–1965)<br>YUD (1965–1989)<br>YUN (1990–1992)<br>YUR (1992–1993)<br>YUO (1993)<br>YUG (1994)<br>YUM (1994–2003)||1918–2003|| Serbian dinar |}
==See also==
{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}
* Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation * Kelantanese dinar * Islamic State dinar * List of circulating currencies * Middle East economic integration
==References== {{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Dinar}} {{wiktionary|dinero}} * {{numis cite SCWC | date=2004}} * [http://www.islamdag.info/news/1348 Malaysia: Kelantan collects Zakat in Shariah money]
{{Dinar}} {{Islamic banking and finance}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Dinar Category:Denominations (currency) Category:Islamic banking Category:Islamic banking and finance terminology Category:Modern obsolete currencies